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3. Contributors

Author

Adamczak, Stephanie K., primary, Adams, Danielle S., additional, Atkinson, Shannon, additional, Blawas, Ashley M., additional, Chris McKnight, J., additional, Cook, Peter F., additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Cozzi, Bruno, additional, Davis, Randall W., additional, De Guise, Sylvain, additional, Dujic, Zeljko, additional, Fahlman, Andreas, additional, Favilla, Arina B., additional, Fish, Frank E., additional, Gough, William T., additional, Hanke, Frederike D., additional, Hooker, Sascha K., additional, Huggenberger, Stefan, additional, Janik, Vincent M., additional, Kooyman, Gerald L., additional, Levin, Milton, additional, McDonald, Birgitte I., additional, Mooney, T. Aran, additional, Ortiz, Rudy M., additional, Patrician, Alexander, additional, Piscitelli-Doshkov, Marina, additional, Ponganis, Paul J., additional, Romano, Tracy A., additional, Somarelli, Jason A., additional, Suzuki, Miwa, additional, Thompson, Laura A., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, and Williams, Terrie M., additional

Published
2024
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4. Reference genome and demographic history of the most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita

Author

Morin, Phillip A, Archer, Frederick I, Avila, Catherine D, Balacco, Jennifer R, Bukhman, Yury V, Chow, William, Fedrigo, Olivier, Formenti, Giulio, Fronczek, Julie A, Fungtammasan, Arkarachai, Gulland, Frances MD, Haase, Bettina, Heide‐Jorgensen, Mads Peter, Houck, Marlys L, Howe, Kerstin, Misuraca, Ann C, Mountcastle, Jacquelyn, Musser, Whitney, Paez, Sadye, Pelan, Sarah, Phillippy, Adam, Rhie, Arang, Robinson, Jacqueline, Rojas‐Bracho, Lorenzo, Rowles, Teri K, Ryder, Oliver A, Smith, Cynthia R, Stevenson, Sacha, Taylor, Barbara L, Teilmann, Jonas, Torrance, James, Wells, Randall S, Westgate, Andrew J, and Jarvis, Erich D

Subjects
Genetics, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Generic health relevance, Life on Land, Animals, Chromosomes, Endangered Species, Female, Genetics, Population, Genome, Phocoena, Conservation genomics, genome diversity, historical demography, Phocoena sinus, porpoise, Vertebrate Genomes Project, Biological Sciences, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

The vaquita is the most critically endangered marine mammal, with fewer than 19 remaining in the wild. First described in 1958, the vaquita has been in rapid decline for more than 20 years resulting from inadvertent deaths due to the increasing use of large-mesh gillnets. To understand the evolutionary and demographic history of the vaquita, we used combined long-read sequencing and long-range scaffolding methods with long- and short-read RNA sequencing to generate a near error-free annotated reference genome assembly from cell lines derived from a female individual. The genome assembly consists of 99.92% of the assembled sequence contained in 21 nearly gapless chromosome-length autosome scaffolds and the X-chromosome scaffold, with a scaffold N50 of 115 Mb. Genome-wide heterozygosity is the lowest (0.01%) of any mammalian species analysed to date, but heterozygosity is evenly distributed across the chromosomes, consistent with long-term small population size at genetic equilibrium, rather than low diversity resulting from a recent population bottleneck or inbreeding. Historical demography of the vaquita indicates long-term population stability at less than 5,000 (Ne) for over 200,000 years. Together, these analyses indicate that the vaquita genome has had ample opportunity to purge highly deleterious alleles and potentially maintain diversity necessary for population health.

Published
2021

5. Reference genome and demographic history of the most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita

Author

Morin, Phillip A, Archer, Frederick I, Avila, Catherine D, Balacco, Jennifer R, Bukhman, Yury V, Chow, William, Fedrigo, Olivier, Formenti, Giulio, Fronczek, Julie A, Fungtammasan, Arkarachai, Gulland, Frances MD, Haase, Bettina, Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter, Houck, Marlys L, Howe, Kerstin, Misuraca, Ann C, Mountcastle, Jacquelyn, Musser, Whitney, Paez, Sadye, Pelan, Sarah, Phillippy, Adam, Rhie, Arang, Robinson, Jacqueline, Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo, Rowles, Teri K, Ryder, Oliver A, Smith, Cynthia R, Stevenson, Sacha, Taylor, Barbara L, Teilmann, Jonas, Torrance, James, Wells, Randall S, Westgate, Andrew, and Jarvis, Erich D

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Generic health relevance, Life on Land
Abstract

AbstractThe vaquita is the most critically endangered marine mammal, with fewer than 19 remaining in the wild. First described in 1958, the vaquita has been in rapid decline resulting from inadvertent deaths due to the increasing use of large-mesh gillnets for more than 20 years. To understand the evolutionary and demographic history of the vaquita, we used combined long-read sequencing and long-range scaffolding methods with long- and short-read RNA sequencing to generate a near error-free annotated reference genome assembly from cell lines derived from a female individual. The genome assembly consists of 99.92% of the assembled sequence contained in 21 nearly gapless chromosome-length autosome scaffolds and the X-chromosome scaffold, with a scaffold N50 of 115 Mb. Genome-wide heterozygosity is the lowest (0.01%) of any mammalian species analyzed to date, but heterozygosity is evenly distributed across the chromosomes, consistent with long-term small population size at genetic equilibrium, rather than low diversity resulting from a recent population bottleneck or inbreeding. Historical demography of the vaquita indicates long-term population stability at less than 5000 (Ne) for over 200,000 years. Together, these analyses indicate that the vaquita genome has had ample opportunity to purge highly deleterious alleles and potentially maintain diversity necessary for population health.

Published
2020

6. Integral Curvature Representation and Matching Algorithms for Identification of Dolphins and Whales

Author

Weideman, Hendrik J., Jablons, Zachary M., Holmberg, Jason, Flynn, Kiirsten, Calambokidis, John, Tyson, Reny B., Allen, Jason B., Wells, Randall S., Hupman, Krista, Urian, Kim, and Stewart, Charles V.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We address the problem of identifying individual cetaceans from images showing the trailing edge of their fins. Given the trailing edge from an unknown individual, we produce a ranking of known individuals from a database. The nicks and notches along the trailing edge define an individual's unique signature. We define a representation based on integral curvature that is robust to changes in viewpoint and pose, and captures the pattern of nicks and notches in a local neighborhood at multiple scales. We explore two ranking methods that use this representation. The first uses a dynamic programming time-warping algorithm to align two representations, and interprets the alignment cost as a measure of similarity. This algorithm also exploits learned spatial weights to downweight matches from regions of unstable curvature. The second interprets the representation as a feature descriptor. Feature keypoints are defined at the local extrema of the representation. Descriptors for the set of known individuals are stored in a tree structure, which allows us to perform queries given the descriptors from an unknown trailing edge. We evaluate the top-k accuracy on two real-world datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the curvature representation, achieving top-1 accuracy scores of approximately 95% and 80% for bottlenose dolphins and humpback whales, respectively., Comment: To appear in ICCV 2017 First Workshop on Visual Wildlife Monitoring

Published
2017

7. First evidence of microplastic inhalation among free-ranging small cetaceans.

Author

Dziobak, Miranda K., Fahlman, Andreas, Wells, Randall S., Takeshita, Ryan, Smith, Cynthia, Gray, Austin, Weinstein, John, and Hart, Leslie B.

Subjects
BOTTLENOSE dolphin, FOOD chains, DOLPHINS, CETACEA, GASTROINTESTINAL system, PLASTIC marine debris, LUNGS
Abstract

Plastic is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, resulting in widespread exposure across terrestrial and marine spaces. In the environment, plastics can degrade into microparticles where exposure has been documented in a variety of fauna at all trophic levels. Human epidemiological studies have found relationships between inhaled microplastics and oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous studies of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have reported prevalent exposure to plasticizing chemicals (e.g., phthalates) as well as particle loads in gastrointestinal tracts, but exposure from inhalation has not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to determine if inhalation is a viable route of microplastic exposure for free-ranging dolphins. Exhalation samples were opportunistically collected from dolphins residing in Sarasota Bay, Florida (n = 5) and Barataria Bay, Louisiana (n = 6) during catch-and-release health assessments to screen for microplastic particles. All dolphin samples contained at least one suspected microplastic particle, and polymer composition was determined for 100% of a subset (n = 17) of samples. Additional studies are warranted to better understand the extent of inhaled microplastics, as well as to explore impacts, given potential risks to lung function and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Examining Bergmann's rule in a cosmopolitan marine mammal, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.).

Author

Favilla, Arina B., Adamczak, Stephanie K., Fougères, Erin M., Brownlow, Andrew, Davison, Nicholas J., Mann, Janet, McLellan, William A., Pabst, D. Ann, ten Doeschate, Mariel T. I., Tift, Michael S., Wells, Randall S., and Costa, Daniel P.

Subjects
BOTTLENOSE dolphin, MARINE mammal populations, WATER temperature, LIFE history theory, SEASONAL temperature variations, SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry)
Abstract

This article examines the relationship between body size and thermal habitat in bottlenose dolphins. The study found that larger dolphins are typically found in colder waters, following Bergmann's rule. However, other factors such as prey abundance and diving ability may also influence body size in different ocean basins. Another study focused on Shark Bay dolphins in Australia and found that their small size may be due to the warm temperatures and shallow habitat of their environment. The researchers emphasize the importance of considering factors like blubber thickness and metabolic rate when analyzing body size in relation to temperature. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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9. An Analysis of Suspected Microplastics in the Muscle and Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fish from Sarasota Bay, FL: Exposure and Implications for Apex Predators and Seafood Consumers.

Author

Conger, Eric, Dziobak, Miranda, Berens McCabe, Elizabeth J., Curtin, Tita, Gaur, Ayushi, Wells, Randall S., Weinstein, John E., and Hart, Leslie B.

Subjects
FORAGE fishes, TOP predators, MICROPLASTICS, OMNIVORES, RISK exposure, DOLPHINS, BOTTLENOSE dolphin
Abstract

Microplastics have been found in the gastrointestinal (GI) fluid of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), inhabiting Sarasota Bay, FL, suggesting exposure by ingestion, possibly via contaminated fish. To better understand the potential for trophic transfer, muscle and GI tissues from 11 species of dolphin prey fish collected from Sarasota Bay were screened for microplastics (particles < 5 mm diameter). Suspected microplastics were found in 82% of muscle samples (n = 89), and 97% of GI samples (n = 86). Particle abundance and shapes varied by species (p < 0.05) and foraging habit (omnivore vs. carnivore, p < 0.05). Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) had the highest particle abundance for both tissue types (muscle: 0.38 particles/g; GI: 15.20 particles/g), which has implications for dolphins as they are a common prey item. Findings from this study support research demonstrating the ubiquity of estuarine plastic contamination and underscore the risks of ingestion exposure for wildlife and potentially seafood consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Understanding the population consequences of disturbance

Author

Pirotta, Enrico, Booth, Cormac G, Costa, Daniel P, Fleishman, Erica, Kraus, Scott D, Lusseau, David, Moretti, David, New, Leslie F, Schick, Robert S, Schwarz, Lisa K, Simmons, Samantha E, Thomas, Len, Tyack, Peter L, Weise, Michael J, Wells, Randall S, and Harwood, John

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, anthropogenic disturbance, environmental impact assessments, marine mammals, nonconsumptive effects, population consequences, trait-mediated indirect interactions, uncertainty, trait‐mediated indirect interactions, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Managing the nonlethal effects of disturbance on wildlife populations has been a long-term goal for decision makers, managers, and ecologists, and assessment of these effects is currently required by European Union and United States legislation. However, robust assessment of these effects is challenging. The management of human activities that have nonlethal effects on wildlife is a specific example of a fundamental ecological problem: how to understand the population-level consequences of changes in the behavior or physiology of individual animals that are caused by external stressors. In this study, we review recent applications of a conceptual framework for assessing and predicting these consequences for marine mammal populations. We explore the range of models that can be used to formalize the approach and we identify critical research gaps. We also provide a decision tree that can be used to select the most appropriate model structure given the available data. Synthesis and applications: The implementation of this framework has moved the focus of discussion of the management of nonlethal disturbances on marine mammal populations away from a rhetorical debate about defining negligible impact and toward a quantitative understanding of long-term population-level effects. Here we demonstrate the framework's general applicability to other marine and terrestrial systems and show how it can support integrated modeling of the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that regulate trait-mediated, indirect interactions in ecological communities, that is, the nonconsumptive effects of a predator or stressor on a species' behavior, physiology, or life history.

Published
2018

11. Spatial Variation in Mercury Accumulation in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in Southeastern U.S.A.

Author

Griffin, Mackenzie L., primary, Bryan, Colleen E., additional, Cox, Tara M., additional, Balmer, Brian C., additional, Day, Russell D., additional, Garcia Barcia, Laura, additional, Gorgone, Antoinette M., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Litz, Jenny A., additional, Perrtree, Robin M., additional, Rowles, Teri K., additional, Schwacke, Lori H., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, and Zolman, Eric, additional

Published
2024
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13. Contributors

Author

Andriolo, Artur, primary, Barbosa, Carla Beatriz, additional, Barreto, André Silva, additional, Bassoi, Manuela, additional, Beneditto, Ana Paula Madeira Di, additional, Berninsone, Leonardo G., additional, Bertozzi, Carolina Pacheco, additional, Bessega, Miguel Iñíguez, additional, Bisi, Tatiana Lemos, additional, Botta, Silvina, additional, Bracarense, Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro, additional, Broadhurst, Matt K., additional, Carvalho, Camila Carvalho de, additional, Castilho, Pedro Volkmer de, additional, Chupil, Henrique, additional, Claudino, Rodrigo, additional, Colosio, Adriana Castaldo, additional, Cremer, Marta Jussara, additional, Crespo, Enrique A., additional, Cunha, Haydée Andrade, additional, Danilewicz, Daniel, additional, Denuncio, Pablo, additional, Dias, Liane Amaral, additional, Domiciano, Isabela Guarnier, additional, Domit, Camila, additional, Estima, Sergio, additional, Failla, Mauricio, additional, Fallabrino, Alejandro, additional, Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta, additional, Fisher, Sue, additional, Fonseca, Gabriel Fraga da, additional, Forselledo, Rodrigo, additional, Gonçalves, Isabel, additional, Gutstein, Carolina S., additional, Herbst, Danniele Firme, additional, Iturriaga, Camila Márquez, additional, Iñíguez Bessega, Miguel, additional, Jiménez, Sebástian, additional, Júnior, José Lailson-Brito, additional, Kolesnikovas, Cristiane Kiyomi Miyagi, additional, Laporta, Paula, additional, Laporta, Martín, additional, Maranho, Andrea, additional, Marcondes, Daiane Santana, additional, Marigo, Juliana, additional, Melcón, Mariana, additional, Monteiro, Danielle, additional, Moura Reis Manhães, Bárbara, additional, Oliveira-Ferreira, Nara, additional, Ott, Paulo Henrique, additional, Paitach, Renan Lopes, additional, Passadore, Cecilia, additional, Prado, Jonatas Henrique, additional, Rocha, Alessandra, additional, Rodriguez-Heredia, Sergio, additional, Rodríguez, Diego, additional, Rosenthal, Alan, additional, Santos-Neto, Elitieri, additional, Secchi, Eduardo R., additional, Silva, Angela Zaccaron, additional, Simões-Lopes, Paulo César, additional, Sucunza, Federico, additional, Tanios, Gabriela, additional, Tardin, Rodrigo Hipólito, additional, Tavares, Maurício, additional, Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo, additional, Tossenberger, Vanessa, additional, Trevizani, Tailise Hoppe, additional, Troina, Genyffer Cibele, additional, Tullio, Juliana Di, additional, Valdivia, Meca, additional, Valente, Ana Luisa, additional, Valle, Rodrigo del Rio do, additional, Van Belleghem, Tara, additional, Vidal, Lara Gama, additional, Vélez-Rubio, Gabriela, additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Werner, Timothy B., additional, Zapata, Maria Fernanda, additional, Zappes, Camilah Antunes, additional, and Zerbini, Alexandre Novais, additional

Published
2022
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15. If The Balloon Goes Up: A History of U.S. Army Maneuvers and Their Effectiveness, 1902-1944

Author

Wells, Randall S, Jr. and Wells, Randall S, Jr.

Abstract

The historiography surrounding U.S. Army military readiness exercises and their effectiveness in improving or increasing the resultant fighting power of Army Ground Forces is an untouched field of study. This work fills that historical gap by exploring and analyzing a series of U.S. Army readiness maneuvers conducted for forty-plus years that sought to closely replicate the actual conditions of combat that Army Ground Forces were expected to encounter. In doing so, it reveals the criticality of ensuring effective military readiness exercises accomplish their primary intent, which is to use actual military vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels, weapons, and tactics to facilitate conditions that stress the participants to validate whether military forces are capable and prepared to project combat power when duty calls. Historically, the nineteenth-century Prussian army was likely the first military force that planned and executed military readiness exercises, or maneuvers as they are also known, which proved highly beneficial. The U.S. Army embarked upon a similar path of conducting readiness exercises shortly after their involvement in the Spanish-American War. From 1902 to 1944, the United States Army planned and conducted numerous readiness exercises to prepare troops for fighting in two world wars. The outcomes of those readiness exercises revealed that the United States Army was less than adequately prepared for the combat they encountered against the Imperial German Army and German Wehrmacht.

Published
2024

23. Translating Marine Animal Tracking Data into Conservation Policy and Management

Author

Hays, Graeme C., Bailey, Helen, Bograd, Steven J., Bowen, W. Don, Campagna, Claudio, Carmichael, Ruth H., Casale, Paolo, Chiaradia, Andre, Costa, Daniel P., Cuevas, Eduardo, Nico de Bruyn, P.J., Dias, Maria P., Duarte, Carlos M., Dunn, Daniel C., Dutton, Peter H., Esteban, Nicole, Friedlaender, Ari, Goetz, Kimberly T., Godley, Brendan J., Halpin, Patrick N., Hamann, Mark, Hammerschlag, Neil, Harcourt, Robert, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hazen, Elliott L., Heupel, Michelle R., Hoyt, Erich, Humphries, Nicolas E., Kot, Connie Y., Lea, James S.E., Marsh, Helene, Maxwell, Sara M., McMahon, Clive R., Notarbartolo di Sciara, Giuseppe, Palacios, Daniel M., Phillips, Richard A., Righton, David, Schofield, Gail, Seminoff, Jeffrey A., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Sims, David W., Takahashi, Akinori, Tetley, Michael J., Thums, Michele, Trathan, Philip N., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Wells, Randall S., Whiting, Scott D., Wildermann, Natalie E., and Sequeira, Ana M.M.

Published
2019
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24. Metabolite Content Profiling of Bottlenose Dolphin Exhaled Breath

Author

Aksenov, Alexander A, Yeates, Laura, Pasamontes, Alberto, Siebe, Craig, Zrodnikov, Yuriy, Simmons, Jason, McCartney, Mitchell M, Deplanque, Jean-Pierre, Wells, Randall S, and Davis, Cristina E

Subjects
Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Life Below Water, Animals, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin, Breath Tests, Chromatography, Liquid, Equipment Design, Exhalation, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Male, Volatile Organic Compounds, Other Chemical Sciences, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics, Analytical chemistry, Chemical engineering
Abstract

Changing ocean health and the potential impact on marine mammal health are gaining global attention. Direct health assessments of wild marine mammals, however, is inherently difficult. Breath analysis metabolomics is a very attractive assessment tool due to its noninvasive nature, but it is analytically challenging. It has never been attempted in cetaceans for comprehensive metabolite profiling. We have developed a method to reproducibly sample breath from small cetaceans, specifically Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We describe the analysis workflow to profile exhaled breath metabolites and provide here a first library of volatile and nonvolatile compounds in cetacean exhaled breath. The described analytical methodology enabled us to document baseline compounds in exhaled breath of healthy animals and to study changes in metabolic content of dolphin breath with regard to a variety of factors. The method of breath analysis may provide a very valuable tool in future wildlife conservation efforts as well as deepen our understanding of marine mammals biology and physiology.

Published
2014

27. Quantifying the age structure of free‐ranging delphinid populations: Testing the accuracy of Unoccupied Aerial System photogrammetry

Author

Vivier, Fabien, primary, Wells, Randall S., additional, Hill, Marie C., additional, Yano, Kymberly M., additional, Bradford, Amanda L., additional, Leunissen, Eva M., additional, Pacini, Aude, additional, Booth, Cormac G., additional, Rocho‐Levine, Julie, additional, Currie, Jens J., additional, Patton, Philip T., additional, and Bejder, Lars, additional

Published
2023
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29. An expert‐based system to predict population survival rate from health data.

Author

Schwacke, Lori H., Thomas, Len, Wells, Randall S., Rowles, Teresa K., Bossart, Gregory D., Townsend, Forrest, Mazzoil, Marilyn, Allen, Jason B., Balmer, Brian C., Barleycorn, Aaron A., Barratclough, Ashley, Burt, Louise, De Guise, Sylvain, Fauquier, Deborah, Gomez, Forrest M., Kellar, Nicholas M., Schwacke, John H., Speakman, Todd R., Stolen, Eric D., and Quigley, Brian M.

Subjects
SURVIVAL rate, BOTTLENOSE dolphin, WILDLIFE conservation, STATISTICAL sampling, WILDLIFE management, MARINE mammals
Abstract

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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32. Bottlenose dolphin mothers modify signature whistles in the presence of their own calves

Author

Sayigh, Laela S., El Haddad, Nicole, Tyack, Peter L., Janik, Vincent M., Wells, Randall S., Jensen, Frants H., University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group, and University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland

Subjects
MCC, QL, bottlenose dolphin, motherese, signature whistle, vocal learning, DAS, QL Zoology, animal communication
Abstract

Funding: PLT received support from ONR grants N00014-18-1-2062 and N00014-20-1-2709. Financial support for the whistle database project has come from the Protect Wild Dolphins fund at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Vulcan Machine Learning Center for Impact, Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Adelaide M. & Charles B. Link Foundation, and Dolphin Quest, Inc. Human caregivers interacting with children typically modify their speech in ways that promote attention, bonding, and language acquisition. Although this “motherese,” or child-directed communication (CDC), occurs in a variety of human cultures, evidence among nonhuman species is very rare. We looked for its occurrence in a nonhuman mammalian species with long-term mother–offspring bonds that is capable of vocal production learning, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Dolphin signature whistles provide a unique opportunity to test for CDC in nonhuman animals, because we are able to quantify changes in the same vocalizations produced in the presence or absence of calves. We analyzed recordings made during brief catch-and-release events of wild bottlenose dolphins in waters near Sarasota Bay, Florida, United States, and found that females produced signature whistles with significantly higher maximum frequencies and wider frequency ranges when they were recorded with their own dependent calves vs. not with them. These differences align with the higher fundamental frequencies and wider pitch ranges seen in human CDC. Our results provide evidence in a nonhuman mammal for changes in the same vocalizations when produced in the presence vs. absence of offspring, and thus strongly support convergent evolution of motherese, or CDC, in bottlenose dolphins. CDC may function to enhance attention, bonding, and vocal learning in dolphin calves, as it does in human children. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that dolphins provide a powerful animal model for studying the evolution of vocal learning and language. Publisher PDF

Published
2023

33. An expert‐based system to predict population survival rate from health data

Author

Schwacke, Lori H., primary, Thomas, Len, additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Rowles, Teresa K., additional, Bossart, Gregory D., additional, Townsend, Forrest, additional, Mazzoil, Marilyn, additional, Allen, Jason B., additional, Balmer, Brian C., additional, Barleycorn, Aaron A., additional, Barratclough, Ashley, additional, Burt, Louise, additional, De Guise, Sylvain, additional, Fauquier, Deborah, additional, Gomez, Forrest M., additional, Kellar, Nicholas M., additional, Schwacke, John H., additional, Speakman, Todd R., additional, Stolen, Eric D., additional, Quigley, Brian M., additional, Zolman, Eric S., additional, and Smith, Cynthia R., additional

Published
2023
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34. Surface and diving metabolic rates, and dynamic aerobic dive limits ( dADL ) in near‐ and off‐shore bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops spp., indicate that deep diving is energetically cheap

Author

Fahlman, Andreas, primary, Allen, Austin S., additional, Blawas, Ashley, additional, Sweeney, Jay, additional, Stone, Rae, additional, Trainor, Robyn Faulkner, additional, Jensen, Frants H., additional, McHugh, Katherine, additional, Allen, Jason B., additional, Barleycorn, Aaron A., additional, and Wells, Randall S., additional

Published
2023
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35. How to estimate age of old bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus); by tooth or pectoral flipper?

Author

Barratclough, Ashley, primary, McFee, Wayne E., additional, Stolen, Megan, additional, Hohn, Aleta A., additional, Lovewell, Gretchen N., additional, Gomez, Forrest M., additional, Smith, Cynthia R., additional, Garcia-Parraga, Daniel, additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Parry, Celeste, additional, Daniels, Risa, additional, Ridgway, Sam H., additional, and Schwacke, Lori, additional

Published
2023
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36. Deep diving by offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.)

Author

Fahlman, Andreas, Tyson Moore, Reny B., Stone, Rae, Sweeney, Jay, Trainor, Robyn Faulkner, Barleycorn, Aaron A., McHugh, Katherine, Allen, Jason B., Wells, Randall S., Fahlman, Andreas, Tyson Moore, Reny B., Stone, Rae, Sweeney, Jay, Trainor, Robyn Faulkner, Barleycorn, Aaron A., McHugh, Katherine, Allen, Jason B., and Wells, Randall S.

Abstract

We used satellite-linked tags to evaluate dive behavior in offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) near the island of Bermuda. The data provide evidence that bottlenose dolphins commonly perform both long (>272 s) and deep (>199 m) dives, with the deepest and longest dives being to 1,000 m and 826 s (13.8 min), respectively. The data show a relationship between dive duration and dive depth for dives longer than about 272 s. There was a diurnal pattern to dive behavior, with most dives deeper than 50 m being performed at night; deep diving began at sunset and varied throughout the night. We used the cumulative frequency of dive duration to estimate a behavioral aerobic dive limit (bADL) of around 560-666 s (9.3-11.1 min) in adult dolphins in this population. Dives exceeding the bADL spent significantly longer time in the upper-most 50 m following a dive as compared with dives less than the bADL. We conclude that the offshore ecotype off Bermuda, unlike the shallow-diving near-shore bottlenose dolphin, is a deep-diving ecotype, and may provide a useful animal model to study extreme diving behavior and adaptations., Funding Agencies|Office of Naval Research (ONR YIP award) [N00014-14-1-0563]; Dolphin Quest Inc.

Published
2023
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37. The Sarasota Dolphin whistle database: a unique long-term resource for understanding dolphin communication.

Author

Sayigh, Laela S., Janik, Vincent M., Jensen, Frants H., Scott, Michael D., Tyack, Peter L., Wells, Randall S., Sayigh, Laela S., Janik, Vincent M., Jensen, Frants H., Scott, Michael D., Tyack, Peter L., and Wells, Randall S.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sayigh, L., Janik, V., Jensen, F., Scott, M., Tyack, P., & Wells, R. The Sarasota Dolphin whistle database: a unique long-term resource for understanding dolphin communication. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, (2022): 923046, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.923046., Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) produce individually distinctive signature whistles that are learned early in life and that help animals recognize and maintain contact with conspecifics. Signature whistles are the predominant whistle type produced when animals are isolated from conspecifics. Health assessments of dolphins in Sarasota, Florida (USA) provide a unique opportunity to record signature whistles, as dolphins are briefly separated from conspecifics. Recordings were first made in the mid 1970’s, and then nearly annually since 1984. The Sarasota Dolphin Whistle Database (SDWD) now contains 926 recording sessions of 293 individual dolphins, most of known age, sex, and matrilineal relatedness. The longest time span over which an individual has been recorded is 43 years, and 85 individuals have been recorded over a decade or more. Here we describe insights about signature whistle structure revealed by this unique and expansive dataset. Signature whistles of different dolphins show great variety in their fundamental frequency contours. Signature whistle types (with ‘whistle type’ defined as all whistles visually categorized as sharing a particular frequency modulation pattern) can consist of a single stereotyped element, or loop (single-loop whistles), or of multiple stereotyped loops with or without gaps (multi-loop whistles). Multi-loop signature whistle types can also show extensive variation in both number and contour of loops. In addition, fundamental frequency contours of all signature whistle types can be truncated (deletions) or embellished (additions), and other features are also occasionally incorporated. However, even with these variable features, signature whistle types tend to be highly stereotyped and easily distinguishable due to the extensive variability in contours among individuals. In an effort to quantify this individual distinctiveness, and to compare it to other species, we calculated Beecher’s Information Statistic and found, Funding for data collection and analysis over the years has been provided by the National Science Foundation, The Royal Society of London, Dolphin Quest, Adelaide M. and Charles B. Link Foundation, Marine Mammal Commission, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earthwatch Institute, Protect Wild Dolphins Fund of the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Grossman Family Foundation, WHOI Ocean Life Institute, Vulcan Machine Learning Center for Impact, and the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence. Current support for PT’s involvement is provided by the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-18-1-2062 and N00014-20-1-2709 through a subaward from Carnegie Mellon University. Current support for LS’s involvement is provided by the Adelaide M. & Charles B. Link Foundation and Dolphin Quest.

Published
2023

38. Contributors

Author

Acevedo-Gutiérrez, Alejandro, primary, Adam, Peter J., additional, Aguilar, Alex, additional, Amano, Masao, additional, Anderson, Paul K., additional, Archer, Frederick I., additional, Arnould, John P.Y., additional, Atkinson, Shannon, additional, Au, Whitlow W.L., additional, Aurioles-Gamboa, David, additional, Javier Aznar, F., additional, Baird, Robin W., additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Ballance, Lisa T., additional, Balbuena, Juan A., additional, Bannister, John L., additional, Barlow, Jay, additional, Barton, Sheri L., additional, Bearzi, Giovanni, additional, Beasley, Isabel, additional, Bekoff, Marc, additional, Ben-David, M., additional, Bengtson, John L., additional, Berta, Annalisa, additional, Bérubé, Martine, additional, Bester, Marthán N., additional, Bianucci, Giovanni, additional, Bjørge, Arne, additional, Black, Nancy A., additional, Bodkin, J.L., additional, Bonde, Robert K., additional, Borger, Jill, additional, Borrell, Asuncion, additional, Boveng, Peter, additional, Bowen, W.D., additional, Boyd, Ian L., additional, Braulik, Gillian T., additional, Brown, Alexander M., additional, Brownell, Robert L., additional, Buckland, Stephen T., additional, Burns, John J., additional, Cabrera, Andrea A., additional, Campagna, Claudio, additional, Cantor, Mauricio, additional, Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana, additional, Cárdenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo, additional, Castellini, Michael, additional, Cerchio, Salvatore, additional, Champagne, Cory D., additional, Chilvers, B. Louise, additional, Chivers, Susan J., additional, Cipriano, Frank, additional, Clapham, Phillip J., additional, Constantine, Rochelle, additional, Cooper, Lisa N., additional, Corkeron, Peter, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Costidis, Alexander M., additional, Cowan, Daniel F., additional, Cranford, Ted, additional, Crespo, Enrique A., additional, Crocker, Daniel E., additional, Croll, Donald A., additional, da Silva, Vera M.F., additional, Danil, Kerri, additional, Darling, Jim, additional, Dawson, Stephen M., additional, de Muizon, Christian, additional, de Vos, Asha, additional, Dehnhardt, Guido, additional, DeMaster, Douglas P., additional, Deméré, Thomas A., additional, Dendrinos, Panagiotis, additional, Dill, Lawrence M., additional, Dizon, Andrew E., additional, L. Dolar, M. Louella, additional, Domning, Daryl P., additional, Donovan, G.P., additional, Dudzinski, Kathleen M., additional, Duffield, Deborah A., additional, Dyer, Michael P., additional, Ellis, Richard, additional, Eskelinen, Holli, additional, Estes, James A., additional, Evans, Peter G.H., additional, Fernández, Mercedes, additional, Fertl, Dagmar, additional, Fettuccia, Daniela de Castro, additional, Fiedler, Paul C., additional, Fish, Frank E., additional, Flores, Paulo A.C., additional, Forcada, Jaume, additional, Ford, John K.B., additional, Fordyce, R. Ewan, additional, Forestell, Paul H., additional, Forney, Karin A., additional, Fowler, Charles W., additional, Frankel, Adam S., additional, Friedlaender, Ari S., additional, Frohoff, Toni, additional, Frost, Kathryn J., additional, Galatius, Anders, additional, García-Vernet, Raquel, additional, Geisler, Jonathan H., additional, Gelatt, Thomas S., additional, Gentry, Roger, additional, George, J. Craig, additional, Gerrodette, Tim, additional, Goldbogen, Jeremy A., additional, Goldsworthy, Simon D., additional, P. Goodall, R. Natalie, additional, Goodman, Simon J., additional, Gregg, Justin D., additional, Hall, Ailsa J., additional, Hammill, Mike O., additional, Hammond, Philip S., additional, Hanke, Frederike D., additional, Hartman, Karin L., additional, Hazen, Elliott, additional, Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., additional, Heithaus, Michael R., additional, Herman, Louis M., additional, Herzing, Denise L., additional, Hewitt, Roger P., additional, Hindell, Mark A., additional, Hoelzel, A. Rus, additional, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, additional, Hohn, Aleta A., additional, Hooker, Sascha K., additional, Horstmann, Lara, additional, Horwood, Joseph, additional, Hoyt, Erich, additional, Hückstädt, Luis A., additional, Ivashchenko, Yulia V., additional, Iverson, Sara J., additional, Janik, Vincent M., additional, Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M., additional, Jefferson, Thomas A., additional, Jensen, Anne M., additional, Karamanlidis, Alexandros A., additional, Kasuya, Toshio, additional, Kato, Hidehiro, additional, Keith Diagne, Lucy W., additional, Kemp, Christopher, additional, Kemper, Catherine M., additional, Kenney, Robert D., additional, Kinze, Carl C., additional, Kirkman, Stephen P., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Koopman, Heather N., additional, Kooyman, Gerald L., additional, Kovacs, Kit M., additional, Kraus, Scott D., additional, Krysl, Petr, additional, Laidre, Kristin L., additional, Laitman, Jeffrey T., additional, Lambert, Olivier, additional, Landry, André M., additional, Lavigne, David M., additional, LeDuc, Rick, additional, Lipsky, Jessica D., additional, Littnan, Charles, additional, Loughlin, Thomas R., additional, Lowry, Lloyd, additional, Lowther, Andrew D., additional, Lydersen, Christian, additional, Maas, Mary C., additional, MacLean, Stephen A., additional, MacLeod, Colin D., additional, Mallette, Sarah D., additional, Mann, Janet, additional, Maresh, Jennifer L., additional, Marsh, Helene, additional, Marshall, Christopher D., additional, Martin, Anthony R., additional, Mass, Alla M., additional, McAlpine, Donald F., additional, Chris McKnight, J., additional, McLellan, William A., additional, Mead, James G., additional, Melin, Sharon R., additional, Merrick, Richard, additional, Mesnick, Sarah L., additional, Miller, Edward H., additional, Miller, Lance J., additional, Miller, Patrick J.O., additional, Miyazaki, Nobuyuki, additional, Moore, Jeffrey E., additional, Moore, Kathleen M., additional, Moore, Michael, additional, Moore, Sue E., additional, Moors-Murphy, Hilary B., additional, Morin, Phillip A., additional, Newman, William A., additional, Newton, Kelly M., additional, Nieto-García, Edwyna, additional, Northridge, Simon, additional, Nummela, Sirpa, additional, O'Brien, Justine K., additional, O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory M., additional, Olsen, Morten T., additional, Olson, Paula A., additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Orbach, Dara N., additional, Ortiz, Rudy M., additional, Pabst, D. Ann, additional, Palsbøll, Per J., additional, Parra, Guido J., additional, Patterson, Eric, additional, Paves-Hernández, Héctor, additional, Perrin, William F., additional, Perryman, Wayne L., additional, Pitman, Robert, additional, Pomeroy, Patrick P., additional, Ponganis, Paul J., additional, Powell, James A., additional, Pyenson, Nicholas D., additional, Racicot, Rachel, additional, Raga, J. Antonio, additional, Ralls, Katherine, additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Read, Andrew J., additional, Reeves, Randall R., additional, Regehr, Eric V., additional, Reggente, Melissa A.L., additional, Reidenberg, Joy S., additional, Reijnders, Peter J.H., additional, Reyes, Julio C., additional, Reynolds, John E., additional, Robeck, Todd R., additional, Robinson, Kelly J., additional, Rode, Karyn, additional, Rogers, Tracey, additional, Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo, additional, Roman, Joe, additional, Rommel, Sentiel A., additional, Roos, Marjoleine M.H., additional, Rosel, Patricia E., additional, Rowntree, Victoria J., additional, Rugh, David, additional, Russell, Debbie J.F., additional, Sayigh, Laela S., additional, Scolardi, Kerri M., additional, Scott, Michael D., additional, Sears, Richard, additional, Seger, Jon, additional, Sharp, Sarah, additional, Sheehan, Glenn W., additional, Silber, Gregory K., additional, Simeone, Claire A., additional, Smith, Brian D., additional, Southall, Brandon L., additional, Spitz, Jérôme, additional, Spoor, Fred, additional, Stacey, Rita, additional, Staniland, Iain J., additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Stern, S. Jonathan, additional, Stewart, Brent S., additional, Supin, Alexander Y., additional, Suydam, R., additional, Swartz, Steven L., additional, Teilmann, Jonas, additional, Tershy, Bernie R., additional, Thewissen, J.G.M., additional, Tinker, M.T., additional, Tolley, Krystal A., additional, Trillmich, Fritz, additional, Trites, Andrew W., additional, Turner, Ted, additional, Twiss, Sean D., additional, Tyack, Peter L., additional, Uhen, Mark D., additional, Van Franeker, Jan A., additional, Van Waerebeek, Koen, additional, Wade, Paul R., additional, Wang, John Y., additional, Weller, David W., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Werth, Alexander J., additional, Whitehead, Hal, additional, Williams, Terrie M., additional, Würsig, Bernd, additional, Yablokov, Alexey V., additional, Yamada, Tadasu K., additional, Yamato, Maya, additional, Yochem, Pamela K., additional, York, Anne E., additional, and Zhou, Kaiya, additional

Published
2018
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41. The fitness consequences of human-wildlife interactions on foraging common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida.

Author

DiMaggio, Kylee M., Acevedo, Miguel A., McHugh, Katherine A., Wilkinson, Krystan A., Allen, Jason B., and Wells, Randall S.

Subjects
BOTTLENOSE dolphin, BIOLOGICAL fitness, DOLPHINS, WILDLIFE management, CALVES
Abstract

Human-wildlife interactions (HI) are becoming more prevalent with increasing human population. These interactions could have important eco-evolutionary consequences that become apparent only after observing populations for multiple generations. Here, we analyzed 28 years (1993-2020) of data from the world's longest-running study of a wild dolphin population to assess the fitness consequences of HI on common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. We investigated how human-related foraging activities such as depredation, begging, and patrolling mediate reproductive output and reproductive success of conditioned (HI) and unconditioned (non-HI) females. The analysis of 84 females and their 286 calves born during 1993-2020 found a confluence of effects on individual fitness. Reproductive output of females engaging in moderate levels of human-related foraging was 94% greater than that of non-HI females. However, high frequencies of humanrelated foraging had a negative effect on female reproductive success by increasing the risk of calf death up to nine times when compared to non-HI females, resulting in 31% less calf survival. These findings provide evidence that human-wildlife interactions have considerable potential to catalyze population-level changes by altering individual fitness, and demonstrate the value of comprehensive, longterm data to better understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of human-wildlife conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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42. Long-term site fidelity and seasonal abundance estimates of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the southwest coast of Florida and responses to natural perturbations

Author

Bassos-Hull, Kim, primary, Perrtree, Robin M., additional, Shepard, Christine C., additional, Schilling, Stephanie, additional, Barleycorn, Aaron A., additional, Allen, Jason B., additional, Balmer, Brian C., additional, Pine, William E., additional, and Wells, Randall S., additional

Published
2023
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50. Poor pulmonary health in Barataria Bay dolphins in the eight years following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Author

Smith, Cynthia R., primary, Rowles, Teresa K., additional, Gomez, Forrest M., additional, Ivančić, Marina, additional, Colegrove, Kathleen M., additional, Takeshita, Ryan, additional, Townsend, Forrest I., additional, Zolman, Eric S., additional, Morey, Jeanine S., additional, Cendejas, Veronica, additional, Meegan, Jennifer M., additional, Musser, Whitney, additional, Speakman, Todd R., additional, Barratclough, Ashley, additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, and Schwacke, Lori H., additional

Published
2022
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