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Objective To study the virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential （VR-PVEP） P100 waveform characteristics of monocular visual impairment with different impaired degrees under simultaneous binocular perception and monocular stimulations. Methods A total of 55 young volunteers with normal vision （using decimal recording method, far vision ≥0.8 and near vision ≥0.5） were selected to simulate three groups of monocular refractive visual impairment by interpolation method. The sum of near and far vision ≤0.2 was Group A, the severe visual impairment group; the sum of near and far vision 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the P100 peak times measured at all spatial frequencies between simulant visual impairment eyes and simultaneous binocular perception in the control group （P>0.05）. Conclusion VR-PVEP can be used for visual acuity evaluation of patients with severe and moderate monocular visual impairment, which can reflect the visual impairment degree caused by ametropia. VR-PVEP has application value in the objective evaluation of visual function and forensic clinical identification.

Cicada flower is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom. Polysaccharides are the most important active ingredients of cicada flower. This paper reviewed the extraction, separation and purification technologies of cicada flower polysaccharides in recent years. Also, it analyzed the biological activities of cicada flower polysaccharides, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, immune regulation, bacteriostasis, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-virus and ease pain. Moreover, the development and application of products were summarized and the existing problems and future research directions were also discussed.

Background: The advances in deep learning-based pathological image analysis have invoked tremendous insights into cancer prognostication. Still, lack of interpretability remains a significant barrier to clinical application. Methods: We established an integrative prognostic neural network for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), towards a comprehensive evaluation of both architectural and fine-grained information from whole-slide images. Then, leveraging on multi-modal data, we conducted extensive interrogative approaches to the models, to extract and visualize the morphological features that most correlated with clinical outcome and underlying molecular alterations. Results: The models were developed and optimized on 373 iCCA patients from our center and demonstrated consistent accuracy and robustness on both internal (n = 213) and external (n = 168) cohorts. The occlusion sensitivity map revealed that the distribution of tertiary lymphoid structures, the geometric traits of the invasive margin, the relative composition of tumor parenchyma and stroma, the extent of necrosis, the presence of the disseminated foci, and the tumor-adjacent micro-vessels were the determining architectural features that impacted on prognosis. Quantifiable morphological vector extracted by CellProfiler demonstrated that tumor nuclei from high-risk patients exhibited significant larger size, more distorted shape, with less prominent nuclear envelope and textural contrast. The multi-omics data (n = 187) further revealed key molecular alterations left morphological imprints that could be attended by the network, including glycolysis, hypoxia, apical junction, mTORC1 signaling, and immune infiltration. Conclusions: We proposed an interpretable deep-learning framework to gain insights into the biological behavior of iCCA. Most of the significant morphological prognosticators perceived by the network are comprehensible to human minds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic microorganism is a serious threat to human health. As a novel kind of antibacterial materials, silver nanoparticles involving their preparation approaches and applications are of great research interest in the field of nanomaterials. This review summarized a summary of synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles, including polysaccharide, Tollens, irradiation, biological and polyoxometalates, which enjoy numerous advantages such as wide range of raw materials, gentle reaction condition, low-cost and environmental-friendly and etc.. Furthermore, based on the antibacterial property of silver nanoparticles, the antibacterial mechanism and applications were described. The development of silver nanoparticles in antibacterial application was also prospected, such as antibacterial coating and antibacterial packaging.

The thermodynamic diagram of calcium-aluminum-oxygen ternary system was determined through thermodynamic equilibrium calculation of liquid steel deoxidation. Based on this thermodynamic diagram and assuming 100% yield of Ca addition, the evolution mechanisms of inclusions with three different deoxidation schemes were predicted, including M kg addition of mCa/mAl=5 alloy, M kg addition of mCa/mAl=0.2 alloy and 0.2M kg addition of mCa/mAl=0.2 alloy. The calculated results show that the evolution history of inclusion is affected by both the addition quantity and Ca/Al mass ratio of Al-Ca deoxidizer. The optimal deoxidation scheme is that the Ca/Al mass ratio is 5 and addition quantity is M kg, which makes the initial[Ca] content of 0.01% and initial[Al] content of 0.002% in liquid steel. Under such a condition, the evolution history of inclusions is 12CaO·7Al2O3(l)/CaO·Al2O3(l)→CaO(s)→12CaO·7Al2O3(l)/CaO·Al2O3(l)→CaO(s)→ 12CaO·7Al2O3(l)/CaO·Al2O3(l), and the desirable alternative formations of solid and liquid inclusions can be realized during LF refining, which can greatly enhance the effective collision and promote the floating up of inclusions. The results can be applied in industry for steel deoxidizer selection and deoxidation operation.