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Małgorzata Michalska,1,* Piotr Wąż,2,* Katarzyna Zorena,1 Maria Bartoszewicz,1 Katarzyna Korzeniowska,3 Sylwia Krawczyk,4 Iwona Beń-Skowronek,4 Małgorzata Myśliwiec31Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; 3Clinic of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; 4Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland*These authors contributed equally to this workAim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and mold fungi in bioaerosols, and the number of new cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children.Methods: Air samples from the Lubelskie and Pomeranian voivodeships in Poland were collected from January 2015 to December 2016 in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Thirty-three samples were collected in the Pomeranian and 27 in the Lubelskie voivodeship. The air samples were collected on the first day of each month at 1:00 pm for 10 mins at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. The number of mesophilic bacteria was detected after 24–48 hrs incubation at 37°C on tryptone soya agar (TSA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The number of psychrophilic bacteria was detected after 72 hrs incubation at 22°C on TSA. The number of fungi was detected by a 5-day long incubation at 28°C on chloramphenicol yeast glucose agar.Results: In the Lubelskie voivodeship, the mean concentration of psychrophilic bacteria was significantly higher than in the Pomeranian voivodeship (2739 vs 608 CFU/m3, respectively), the mean concentration of mesophilic bacteria was significantly higher (2493 vs 778/m3, respectively) and the concentration of fungi was significantly higher (3840 vs 688 CFU/m3, respectively). We also showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of children with recently diagnosed T1DM and the mean concentration of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the Pomeranian and Lubelskie voivodeships (P

Beata Kowalewska,1 Katarzyna Zorena,2 Małgorzata Szmigiero-Kawko,3 Piotr Wąż,4 Małgorzata Myśliwiec3 1Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, 2Department of Immunology and Environmental Microbiology, 3Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland Objective: To conduct qualitative and quantitative assessment of yeast-like fungi in the feces of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with respect to their metabolic control and duration of the disease.Materials and methods: The studied materials included samples of fresh feces collected from 53 children and adolescents with T1DM. Control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Medical history was taken and physical examination was conducted in the two study arms. Prevalence of the yeast-like fungi in the feces was determined as well as their amounts, species diversity, drug susceptibility, and enzymatic activity.Results: The yeast-like fungi were found in the samples of feces from 75.4% of T1DM patients and 70% controls. In the group of T1DM patients, no correlation was found between age (Rs=0.253, P=0.068), duration of diabetes (Rs=−0.038, P=0.787), or body mass index (Rs=0.150, P=0.432) and the amount of the yeast-like fungi isolated in the feces. Moreover, no correlation was seen between the amount of the yeast-like fungi and glycated hemoglobin (Rs=0.0324, P=0.823), systolic blood pressure (Rs=0.102, P=0.483), or diastolic blood pressure (Rs=0.271, P=0.345).Conclusion: Our research has shown that children and adolescents with T1DM show higher species diversity of the yeast-like fungi, with Candida albicans being significantly less prevalent versus control subjects. Moreover, fungal species in patients with T1DM turn out to be more resistant to antifungal treatment. Keywords: children, diabetes mellitus type 1, yeast-like fungi, drug susceptibility, metabolic control, duration of the disease

Introduction and Objective :"Friends with benefits" relationships (FWBR) are becoming increasingly common. Defined as friendships involving sexual activity without romantic commitment, FWBRs blur the boundaries between friendship and romance. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on "friends with benefits" relationships. Review Methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “friends with benefits relationship”, “friends with benefits,” "FWB," and "FWBR." Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Many individuals involved in friends with benefits relationships establish their own rules, and one surprising trend is the frequent observance of sexual exclusivity. Research on the prevalence of FWBRs has focused largely on students in the USA, but there is limited data on FWBRs in Poland, where they appear to be rising in popularity, influenced by dating sites and population migrations. Studies indicate that men, residents of larger cities, and less religious individuals are more likely to participate in FWBRs. Summary: FWBRs offer a unique dynamic where individuals can avoid the emotional commitments and negative traits of traditional romantic relationships. However, these relationships also present challenges, such as differing expectations between the partners and the societal stigma that may be associated with them.

Introduction and objective: Consensual non-monogamy (CNM) refers to various relationship types in which at least one partner, with the other’s consent, forms sexual and/or emotional connections with other people. In open relationships, partners are allowed to engage sexually with others, but emotional intimacy is reserved for the primary relationship, which takes precedence. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on open relationships. Material and methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “open relationship”, “CNM” and "Consensual non-monogamy." Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: CNM includes open relationships, polyamory, polyfidelity, and swinging. Interest in open relationships has increased in recent years, with more people expressing curiosity about them than those actively participating. Men, individuals with high cognitive empathy, those less prone to jealousy, and those capable of experiencing compersion—the joy from a partner’s involvement with others—are particularly interested in open relationships. Summary: Research suggests potential benefits of CNM, including greater relationship and sexual satisfaction compared to monogamous arrangements. However, open relationships can also pose challenges such as social stigma, the potential breakdown of the primary relationship, or complications in parenting for those involved. Despite growing interest, CNM and phenomena like compersion remain under-researched, providing an open field for further investigation into their dynamics and impact on individual and relational well-being.

Introduction and objective: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that can manifest in classical and atypical forms, with the latter being more common. It results from deficient alpha-galactosidase activity, leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), causing inflammation, cellular damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of Fabry disease based on the latest literature. Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched for scientific articles where the terms "Fabry disease" or "FD" appear in the title, abstract, or keywords. The focus was on articles published between 2017 and 2024, although in some cases, older sources were consulted when more recent data was lacking. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: The Fabry disease occurs with a frequency between 1:40,000 and 1:117,000 live male births. Symptoms include proteinuria, kidney failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valve defects, peripheral neuropathy, and gastrointestinal issues. The disease affects life expectancy, primarily due to cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis is often delayed due to non-specific symptoms, and prognosis tends to be worse in males. Current treatments include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), chaperone therapy with migalastat, and second-generation ERT. Summary: Given the rarity of Fabry disease, research is limited, and there is a need for more studies to explore novel therapeutic options that could improve patient quality of life and mitigate the disease's complications.

Introduction and Objective: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare, self-limiting autoimmune disorder, typically appearing in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It can lead to postpartum exacerbations, and studies suggest an increased risk of preterm birth and the development of Graves' disease in the mother. The aim of this article is to gather the latest information on pemphigoid gestationis. Review Methods: A review of studies available in the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords "pemphigoid gestationis" and "dermatoses of pregnancy" in order to find publications from the last 8 years. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is characterized by the production of IgG1 antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180). The primary symptom of PG is intense itching, which often occurs before skin lesions develop. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of perilesional skin. Treatment focuses on relieving itching and preventing new blister formation, usually starting with topical corticosteroids for mild cases, while systemic corticosteroids are reserved for more severe presentations. Recent research indicates that biologic therapies may also offer effective management options for PG. Summary: The authors highlight the need for further research due to the limited sample sizes in existing studies, as well as the potential complications during pregnancy and long-term health effects.

Introduction and purpose Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Sildenafil is one of the most popular medications used to treat ED, but in recent years, there has been a growing trend of recreational use of this drug, particularly among younger individuals, which can lead to numerous negative health consequences. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the recreational use of sildenafil, especially among younger individuals. State of knowledge Sildenafil primarily affects the smooth muscle of the blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, facilitating the achievement and maintenance of an erection. The most common side effects of sildenafil include headaches, dizziness, facial flushing, nausea, muscle pain, and nasal congestion. A relatively rare but potentially severe side effect of sildenafil is priapism. It is noted that those using sildenafil recreationally often have multiple sexual partners, as the drug helps them prolong sexual encounters. Studies show that sildenafil is used by groups that should have no problem achieving sexual satisfaction. The use of the drug in combination with alcohol and other substances is noticeable. Conclusions Recreational use of sildenafil appears to be an increasingly common behavior among young men who do not have difficulties achieving or maintaining an erection. There are no studies yet that specifically examine the recreational use of sildenafil among women. It is necessary to conduct further research to better understand the prevalence of this phenomenon and to identify the factors that predispose individuals to engage in recreational use of sildenafil.

BackgroundDepressive disorder is common among haemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to explore approaches to diagnosing depression in the context of a real-life setting, with the view of creating practical recommendations. It also aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and dementia.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in two Dialysis Centres in Poland. Cognitive functions were evaluated using Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE). The screening for depressive symptoms was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The diagnosis of major depressive disorder was confirmed by a psychiatrist using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected.ResultsInitially, 136 patients agreed to participate in the study. Dementia was found in 13% of the study group. Sixty-two patients did not agree to perform all the proposed tests and were not included in the analysis, which eventually consisted of 70 patients. According to BDI-II, depressive symptoms were present in 35.7% of patients, while the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) was confirmed by the psychiatrist in 25.7%. According to the ROC analysis the optimal cut-off score for diagnosing MDD using BDI-II was ≥13 points.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the regular screening for depressive symptoms, followed by a psychiatric consultation in selected patients, might improve diagnosing depression with the goal of achieving a higher quality of life and a lower mortality rate. It may also be a cost-effective model for the management of depression among the haemodialysis population.

In this paper, an alignment-free bioinformatics technique, termed the 20D-Dynamic Representation of Protein Sequences, is utilized to investigate the similarity/dissimilarity between Baculovirus and Echinococcus multilocularis genome sequences. In this method, amino acid sequences are depicted as 20D-dynamic graphs, comprising sets of “material points” in a 20-dimensional space. The spatial distribution of these material points is indicative of the sequence characteristics and is quantitatively described by sequence descriptors akin to those employed in dynamics, such as coordinates of the center of mass of the 20D-dynamic graph and the tensor of the moment of inertia of the graph (defined as a symmetric matrix). Each descriptor unveils distinct features of similarity and is employed to establish similarity relations among the examined sequences, manifested either as a symmetric distance matrix (“similarity matrix”), a classification map, or a phylogenetic tree. The classification maps are introduced as a new way of visualizing the similarity relations obtained using the 20D-Dynamic Representation of Protein Sequences. Some classification maps are obtained using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the center of mass coordinates and normalized moments of inertia of 20D-dynamic graphs as input data. Although the method operates in a multidimensional space, we also apply some visualization techniques, including the projection of 20D-dynamic graphs onto a 2D plane. Studies on model sequences indicate that the method is of high quality, both graphically and numerically. Despite the high similarity observed among the sequences of E. multilocularis, subtle discrepancies can be discerned on the 2D graphs. Employing this approach has led to the discovery of numerous new similarity relations compared to our prior study conducted at the DNA level, using the 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, another alignment-free bioinformatics method also introduced by us.

Temperature sensor calibration in the majority of measurement laboratories is performed on the ground of measurement procedures. The procedures specify the timespan for the temperature of the tested sensor to stabilize. In practice, the fact of time constant increase above expectations can be observed. This results from the method of operation, time of use, and level of contamination of individual sensors. The paper proposes a method to optimize the calibration process of resistance temperature sensors based on the measurement of the time constant and, on this basis, to determine the sensor stabilization time during calibration.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria in the seawater and air in five coastal towns (Hel, Puck, Gdynia, Sopot, Gdańsk-Brzeźno) as well as the enrichment of bacteria from the seawater into the coastal air after an emergency discharge of sewage into the Bay of Gdańsk. A total of 594 samples of air and seawater were collected in the coastal zone between spring and summer (between 2014 and 2018). Air samples were collected using the impact method with a SAS Super ISO 100. The multivariate analysis, conducted using contingency tables, showed a statistically significant variation between the concentration of coliforms, psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the seawater microlayer and air in 2018, after an emergency discharge of sewage into the Bay of Gdańsk, compared to 2014–2017. Moreover, we detected a marine aerosol enrichment in psychrophilic, mesophilic bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli . We also showed a statistically significant relationship between the total concentration of bacteria and humidity, air temperature, speed and wind direction. This increased concentration of bacteria in the seawater and coastal air, and the high factor of air enrichment with bacteria maybe associated with the emergency discharge of wastewater into the Bay of Gdańsk. Therefore, it is suggested that in the event of a malfunction of a sewage treatment plant, as well as after floods or sudden rainfall, the public should be informed about the sanitary and epidemiological status of the coastal waters and be recommended to limit their use of coastal leisure areas.

Nowadays, we witness a principal change in the normative order referring to human sexuality, and a change of the role of individual factors of sexual socialisation. This paper presents selected findings of the research on sexual morals of people at their emerging adulthood, aged 18–25, carried out in Poland on a representative sample in 2017. The research focused on the respondents’ attitude to the social norms related to sexual activity. Two thirds of the respondents had established sexual relations. There is a clear trend among women to stabilize the intimate relations, and the respondents tend to postpone their matrimonial and procreative plans. The respondents support the norms which may be defined as components of the “golden mean” sexual ethics. Greater liberalism of young men shows in their attitude to the norms related with risky sexual behaviour, widening the repertoire of the forms of sexual intercourse, and sexual activity on the internet. Women significantly more often support the norms which refer to functioning in a relationship. The views of the people who had their sexual initiation are the expression of support for permissive ethics. Religious people and those who regularly practice religion more often present views characteristic of restrictive ethics. It was not proved that the respondents who had attended school family planning classes more often supported restrictive norms referring to sexual activity, which might be expected taking into consideration the abstinence model of the classes.

The article describes the use of multi-criteria optimization methods during the calibration of digital multimeters. Currently, calibration is based on a single measurement of a specific value. The aim of this research was to confirm the possibility of using a series of measurements in order to reduce the measurement uncertainty without significantly extending the calibration time. The automatic measurement loading laboratory stand used during the conducted experiments was essential to obtain results that allowed confirming the thesis. This article presents the applied optimization methods and the results of the calibration of sample digital multimeters obtained thanks to them. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of a series of measurements increased the accuracy of the calibration, reduced the measurement uncertainty, and shortened the calibration time compared to traditional methods.

The 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, an alignment-free bioinformatics method recently developed by us, has been used to study the genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland. Sequences of three mitochondrial genes, i.e., NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2), cytochrome b (cob), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), are analyzed. The sequences are represented by sets of material points in a 4D space, i.e., 4D-dynamic graphs. As a visualization of the sequences, projections of the graphs into 3D space are shown. The differences between 3D graphs corresponding to European, Asian, and American haplotypes are small. Numerical characteristics (sequence descriptors) applied in the studies can recognize the differences. The concept of creating descriptors of 4D-dynamic graphs has been borrowed from classical dynamics; these are coordinates of the centers or mass and moments of inertia of 4D-dynamic graphs. Based on these descriptors, classification maps are constructed. The concentrations of points in the maps indicate one Polish haplotype (EmPL9) of Asian origin.

The prevalence and clinical consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related non-ischemic cardiac injury are under investigation. The main purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of non-ischemic cardiac injury using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with persistent cardiac symptoms following recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study. Between January 2021 and May 2021, we enrolled 121 patients with a recent COVID-19 infection and persistent cardiac symptoms. Study participants were divided into those who required hospitalization during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 58; 47.9%) and those non-hospitalized (n = 63; 52.1%). Non-ischemic cardiac injury (defined as the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) lesion and/or active myocarditis in CMR) was detected in over half of post-COVID-19 patients (n = 64; 52.9%). LGE lesions were present in 63 (52.1%) and active myocarditis in 10 (8.3%) post-COVID-19 study participants. The majority of LGE lesions were located in the left ventricle at inferior and inferolateral segments at the base. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of LGE lesions (35 (60.3%) vs. 28 (44.4%); p = 0.117) or active myocarditis (6 (10.3%) vs. 4 (6.3%); p = 0.517) between hospitalized and non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients. However, CMR imaging revealed lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF; 49.5 (44; 54) vs. 53 (50; 58) %; p = 0.001) and more frequent presence of reduced RVEF (60.3% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.005) in the former subgroup. In conclusion, more than half of our patients presenting with cardiac symptoms after a recent recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia had CMR imaging abnormalities indicating non-ischemic cardiac injury. The most common finding was LGE, while active myocarditis was detected in the minority of patients. CMR imaging abnormalities were observed both in previously hospitalized and non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to determine the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection and the optimal management of patients with suspected post-COVID-19 non-ischemic cardiac injury.

Purpose. The aim of the research was to conduct an assessment of the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated factors among Polish women. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Polish women using an online questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 23 ± 4 years. Out of the total of 1,317 women who took part in the study, 1,127 were included in the analysis, and 190 were excluded due to incomplete answers. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions that were grouped into three parts. The first concerned sociodemographic data such as age, weight, education, and residence (urban or rural). The second part of the questionnaire pertained to the factors of dysmenorrhea (premenstrual syndrome, age of menarche, and family history of dysmenorrhea.). In the third part, the women were asked about their diet, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and physical activity. Results. Dysmenorrhea affected 94% of the interviewed women. Dysmenorrhea was most likely to occur among respondents whose mothers had a history of dysmenorrhea (p

This study aimed to investigate the differences between the number of yeast-like fungi and molds in the coastal air of five coastal towns of the Gulf of Gdańsk in 2014–2017 vs. 2018, which saw an emergency discharge of sewage. In 2014–2017, a total of 62 duplicate samples were collected in the coastal towns of Hel, Puck, Gdynia, Sopot, and Gdańsk-Brzeźno. In 2018, after the emergency disposal of raw sewage, 26 air samples were collected. A Pearson chi-squared test of independence showed that during 2018 in Hel and Sopot, the mean number of molds and yeast-like fungi was higher than in 2014–2017. The result was significantly positive, p ≤ 2.22 × 10−16. The analysis of the General Asymptotic Symmetry Test showed that in Puck and Gdańsk-Brzeźno, the average number of Aspergillus sp. mold fungi was higher in 2018 after an emergency discharge of sewage into the Gulf of Gdańsk compared to the period 2014–2017. The result was not statistically significant. In addition, the average number of Penicillium sp. molds in 2018 in Gdańsk-Brzeźno was higher than in 2014–2017, but statistically insignificant (p = 0.9593). In 2018, the average number of Cladosporium sp. molds in Sopot was higher, but also statistically insignificant (p = 0.2114) compared to 2014–2017. Our results indicate that the study of the number of yeast-like fungi in the air may indicate coastal areas that may be particularly at risk of bacterial or mycological pathogens, e.g., after an emergency discharge of raw sewage.

In the 21st century marine navigation has become dominated by satellite positioning systems and automated navigational processes. Today, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) play a central role in the process of carrying out basic navigational tasks, e.g. determining the coordinates of a vessel’s position at sea. Since satellite systems are being used increasingly more often in everyday life, the signals they send are becoming more and more prone to jamming. Therefore there is a need to search for other positioning systems and methods that would be as accurate and fast as the existing satellite systems. On the other hand, the automation process makes it possible to conduct navigational tasks more quickly. Due to the development of this technology, all kinds of navigation equipment can be used in the process of automating navigation. This also applies to marine radars, which are characterised by a relatively high accuracy that allows them to replace satellite systems in performing classic navigational tasks. By employing M-estimation methods that are used in geodesy as well as simple neural networks, a software package can be created that will aid in automating navigation and will provide highly accurate information about a given object’s position at sea by making use of radar in comparative navigation.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the meteorological factors and the number of molds and yeast-like fungi in the air in the five coastal towns in the years 2014–2017, and in 2018, after emergency disposal of raw sewage to the Gdańsk Gulf. In the years 2014–2018, a total number of 88 air samples were collected in duplicate in the five coastal towns of Hel, Puck, Gdynia, Sopot, and Gdańsk-Brzeźno. After the application of the (PCA) analysis, this demonstrated that the first principal component (PC1) had a positive correlation with the water temperature, wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity. The second principal component (PC2) had a positive correlation with the relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and air temperature. In 2018, potentially pathogenic mold and yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans, Stachybotrys chartarum complex, Aspergillus section Fumigati) were detected in the seaside air. While the detected species were not observed in the years 2014–2017. We suggest that it is advisable to inform residents about the potential health risk in the event of raw sewage disposal into the water. Moreover, in wastewater treatment plants, tighter measures, including wastewater disinfection, should be introduced.

Performing any measurement on watercraft is connected with many additional difficulties caused by the sea-environment. The most important is the problem of spatial stabilization of measurement systems, which are usually fastened to craft body. As soon as usually these measurement are executed during the move of the craft additional question is the accuracy of execution the planed trajectory.

Artykuł jest empiryczną eksploracją wczesnego ojcostwa jako prawdziwego doświadczenia życiowego i eksperymentu edukacyjnego. Autor ujawnia regulującą rolę, jaką "symulowane" ojcostwo odgrywa w konstruowaniu koncepcji człowieka jako ojca. Tłumaczenie na język angielski: Anna Moroz-Darska Modernizacja działania Czasopisma oraz tłumaczenia na język angielski artykułów Ars Educandi na lata 2012-2017 zostały sfinansowane ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z zadania Działalności Upowszechniającej Naukę (DUN). Zadanie: Wdrożenie modułu redakcyjnego na platformie Uniwersyteckich Czasopism Naukowych - systemu wspomagającego redagowanie i zarządzanie czasopismem naukowym Ars Educandi sfinansowano w ramach umowy 661/P-DUN/2018 z dnia 12.06.2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę. Zadanie: Stworzenie nowoczesnej wersji on-line czasopisma Ars Educandi przez wdrożenie modułu publikacyjnego na platformie Uniwersyteckich Czasopism Naukowych oraz obsługę międzynarodowych baz indeksacyjnych sfinansowano w ramach umowy 661/P-DUN/2018 z dnia 12.06.2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę. Zadanie: Przygotowanie anglojęzycznej wersji ostatnich 6 roczników (2012-2017) czasopisma naukowego Ars Educandi i ich wydanie w wersji online sfinansowano w ramach umowy 661/P-DUN/2018 z dnia 12.06.2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

A graphical representation of DNA sequences in which the distribution of a particular base B=A,C,G,T is represented by a set of discrete lines has been formulated. The methodology of this approach has been borrowed from two areas of physics: spectroscopy and dynamics. Consequently, the set of discrete lines is referred to as the B-spectrum. Next, the B-spectrum is transformed to a rigid body composed of material points. In this way a dynamic representation of the DNA sequence has been obtained. The centers of mass of these rigid bodies, divided by their moments of inertia, have been taken as the descriptors of the spectra and, thus, of the DNA sequences. The performance of this method on a standard set of data commonly applied by authors introducing new approaches to bioinformatics (the first exons of β-globin genes of different species) proved to be very good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many animal species exhibit a diel, 24-hr pattern of activity, which is steered by timing cues, with the daily light–dark cycle considered the most powerful. This cue, however, is reduced in polar zones under continuous daylight conditions associated with the midnight sun. The rhythm of animal behaviour under such conditions is poorly understood. Here, we examine periodicity and patterns of daily activity (colony attendance and foraging) in a High-Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). We demonstrated a regular rhythm of colony attendance at the population level, with birds being the most abundant in the colony during hours of relatively low sun elevation. This pattern is likely to be associated with predation pressure that may be perceived by birds as lower during hours with low sun elevation, because of better predator detectability. Regarding rhythms at an individual level, however, we found the most common periodicity to be 23.2 hr (range from 19.9 hr to 30.8 hr) but no clear pattern of daily colony attendance of individuals. Such a flexibility in daily rhythms indicates that individuals may become arrhythmic in regard to the 24-hr environmental cycle, despite regularities observed at the population level. Finally, we compared males and females in terms of daily activity patterns but we did not find significant sex differences.

Aim: An activation of non-specific inflammatory response, coagulation disorder, and blood morphotic elements damage are the main side effects of the extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Red-to-near-infrared radiation (R/NIR) is thought to be capable of stabilizing red blood cell (RBC) membrane through increasing its resistance to destructive factors. We focused on the development of a method using low-level light therapy (LLLT) in the spectral range of R/NIR which could reduce blood trauma caused by the heart-lung machine during surgery.Methods: R/NIR emitter was adjusted in terms of geometry and optics to ECC circuit. The method of extracorporeal blood photobiomodulation was tested during in vivo experiments in an animal, porcine model (1 h of ECC plus 23 h of animal observation). A total of 24 sows weighing 90–100 kg were divided into two equal groups: control one and LLLT. Blood samples were taken during the experiment to determine changes in blood morphology [RBC and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hgb)], indicators of hemolysis [plasma-free hemoglobin (PFHgb), serum bilirubin concentration, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity], and oxidative stress markers [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC)].Results: In the control group, a rapid systemic decrease in WBC count during ECC was accompanied by a significant increase in RBC membrane lipids peroxidation, while in the LLLT group the number of WBC and TBARS concentration both remained relatively constant, indicating limitation of the inflammatory process. These results were consistent with the change in the hemolysis markers like PFHgb, LDH, and serum bilirubin concentration, which were significantly reduced in LLLT group. No differences in TAC, RBC count, and Hgb concentration were detected.Conclusion: We presented the applicability of the LLLT with R/NIR radiation to blood trauma reduction during ECC.

The purpose of this publication is to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of the territorial sea baseline in sand bottom waterbodies, which were determined twice, in 2016 and 2018, by the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method. This involves direct measurement of sea bottom coordinates on planned hydrographic sounding profiles using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver mounted on a pole. The data were the basis for creating Digital Terrain Models (DTM), which were then used to determine the baseline for both measurement campaigns. Subsequently, terrain surface models were compared to determine bathymetry changes in the area under analysis, and an assessment was made of the baseline spatial position change over the previous two years. The measurements have shown considerable spatial and temporal variability of the baseline course along a short section of sandy beach. The territorial sea baseline was very unstable; in some places, it moved by even 20−25 m, landwards and seawards. Therefore, one can suppose that these changes are periodic, and one can conclude that the reliability of the baseline measurements can decrease quite quickly.

Baselines are used to establish the maritime boundaries of a coastal state which include the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf; thus, they are instrumental in implementing state maritime policy. For Poland, as well as in other coastal states, baseline determination can be considered from both a legal and measurement-related point of view. This paper discusses an effective and optimal method of performing bathymetric measurements to enable territorial sea baseline determination in selected waterbodies of Poland. It presents a method for planning a hydrographic survey using both manned and unmanned vessels and presents oceanographic parameters that should be determined before and during hydrographic measurements, as well as a method of choosing the measuring equipment used in bathymetric measurements in ultra-shallow waters. The results of our analyses showed that using an unmanned vessel, on which a multi-GNSS receiver and a miniature MBES or SBES can be installed, is currently the optimum and the most effective method for determining the territorial sea baseline.

Background: Depressive disorder is common among haemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to explore approaches to diagnosing depression in the context of a real-life setting, with the view of creating practical recommendations. It also aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and dementia., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two Dialysis Centres in Poland. Cognitive functions were evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The screening for depressive symptoms was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The diagnosis of major depressive disorder was confirmed by a psychiatrist using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected., Results: Initially, 136 patients agreed to participate in the study. Dementia was found in 13% of the study group. Sixty-two patients did not agree to perform all the proposed tests and were not included in the analysis, which eventually consisted of 70 patients. According to BDI-II, depressive symptoms were present in 35.7% of patients, while the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) was confirmed by the psychiatrist in 25.7%. According to the ROC analysis the optimal cut-off score for diagnosing MDD using BDI-II was ≥13 points., Conclusions: This study suggests that the regular screening for depressive symptoms, followed by a psychiatric consultation in selected patients, might improve diagnosing depression with the goal of achieving a higher quality of life and a lower mortality rate. It may also be a cost-effective model for the management of depression among the haemodialysis population., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Kubanek, Renke, Godlewska, Paul, Przybylak, Kowalska, Wąż, Błaszczyk, Macul-Sanewska, Rutkowski, Czarnacka, Bednarski and Grabowski.)

Perineal pain occurs in 97% of women with episiotomy or first- and second-degree perineal tears on the first day after delivery. The study aimed to assess the impact of capacitive and resistive energy transfer (TECAR) on perineal pain and discomfort in the first two postpartum days. The prospective randomized double-blind study was performed with the pain and discomfort assessment using the Visual Analogue Scale at baseline and after both TECAR interventions. Characteristics data, delivery information, and the number of painkillers taken were collected. The assumed significance level was α < 0.05. The study included 121 women with a mean age of 30.7 ± 4.2 years and a median BMI of 26.1 kg/m 2 (24.1; 28.9). Pain reduction at rest, when walking, and discomfort reduction when walking were significantly higher in the TECAR group compared to the sham group ( p < 0.05). After the first TECAR intervention, significant reduction in all measured parameters was observed in the study group ( p < 0.03), whereas in the control group, it was observed in pain and discomfort while sitting ( p < 0.04). The amount of ibuprofen taken on the second day was significantly reduced in the study group compared to the first day ( p = 0.004). TECAR has been shown to provide more immediate and significant reduction in perineal pain and discomfort.

Objective: A new diagnostic graphical tool-classification maps-supporting the detection of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) has been constructed., Methods: The classification maps are constructed using the ordinal regression model. In the ordinal regression model, the ordinal variable (the dependent variable) is the degree of the advancement of AMD. The other variables, such as CRT (Central Retinal Thickness), GCC (Ganglion Cell Complex), MPOD (Macular Pigment Optical Density), ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study), Snellen and Age have also been used in the analysis and are represented on the axes of the maps., Results: Here, 132 eyes were examined and classified to the AMD advancement level according to the four-point Age-Related Eye Disease Scale (AREDS): AREDS 1, AREDS 2, AREDS 3 and AREDS 4. These data were used for the creation of two-dimensional classification maps for each of the four stages of AMD., Conclusions: The maps allow us to perform the classification of the patient's eyes to particular stages of AMD. The pairs of the variables represented on the axes of the maps can be treated as diagnostic identifiers necessary for the classification to particular stages of AMD.

The prevalence and clinical consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related non-ischemic cardiac injury are under investigation. The main purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of non-ischemic cardiac injury using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with persistent cardiac symptoms following recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study. Between January 2021 and May 2021, we enrolled 121 patients with a recent COVID-19 infection and persistent cardiac symptoms. Study participants were divided into those who required hospitalization during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 58; 47.9%) and those non-hospitalized (n = 63; 52.1%). Non-ischemic cardiac injury (defined as the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) lesion and/or active myocarditis in CMR) was detected in over half of post-COVID-19 patients (n = 64; 52.9%). LGE lesions were present in 63 (52.1%) and active myocarditis in 10 (8.3%) post-COVID-19 study participants. The majority of LGE lesions were located in the left ventricle at inferior and inferolateral segments at the base. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of LGE lesions (35 (60.3%) vs. 28 (44.4%); p = 0.117) or active myocarditis (6 (10.3%) vs. 4 (6.3%); p = 0.517) between hospitalized and non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients. However, CMR imaging revealed lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF; 49.5 (44; 54) vs. 53 (50; 58) %; p = 0.001) and more frequent presence of reduced RVEF (60.3% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.005) in the former subgroup. In conclusion, more than half of our patients presenting with cardiac symptoms after a recent recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia had CMR imaging abnormalities indicating non-ischemic cardiac injury. The most common finding was LGE, while active myocarditis was detected in the minority of patients. CMR imaging abnormalities were observed both in previously hospitalized and non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to determine the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection and the optimal management of patients with suspected post-COVID-19 non-ischemic cardiac injury.

Introduction: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS-STN) on restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients., Materials and Methods: We assessed the presence of RLS before and 6 and 12 months after surgery in 36 patients. Differences between patients with RLS, without RLS, and with remission of RLS in terms of sleep measures (interview and validated questionnaires) and nonmotor symptoms (NMS). Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 24 patients. Simple and multiple regression models were used to identify potential predictors of RLS outcome after DBS-STN., Results: Before DBS-STN 14 of the 36 patients (39%) were diagnosed with RLS. DBS-STN resulted in the resolution of RLS in 43% (n = 6) and the emergence of RLS in 2 (9%) patients. During the study, 20 patients remained without RLS and the patients with unremitting RLS (n = 8) experienced alleviation of symptoms. At baseline patients with RLS had higher Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) total and sleep domain, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV and lower Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) scores. There were no differences between the groups without and with RLS in terms of PSG recordings., Conclusion: DBS-STN provided relief of symptoms in most of the patients with PD and RLS. We found that RLS was associated with worse subjective sleep quality, more severe NMS, and complications of levodopa therapy. DBS-STN may have direct impact on RLS rather than related indirectly through post-surgery change in medications., (Copyright © 2022 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)