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The Third ECRP conference in June 2022 in Berlin, Germany, has gathered again our two communities, the Risk Perception and Behaviour Survey of Surveyors (Risk-SoS) and the H2020-DRS-01 Cluster on risk perception and adaptive behaviour (a grouping of several Horizon Europe – Disaster Resilient Societies projects, most notably RESILOC, BUILDERS, CORE, ENGAGE, LINKS, RiskPACC). One of the key challenges for risk, vulnerability and resilience research is how to address the role of risk perceptions and how perceptions influence behaviour. It remains unclear why people fail to act adaptively to reduce future losses, even when there is ever-richer information available on natural and human-made hazards (flood, drought, etc.). The current fragmentation of the field makes it an uphill battle to cross-validate the results of existing independent case studies. This, in turn, hinders comparability and transferability across scales and contexts and hampers recommendations for policy and risk management. The ECRP conference cycle aims to contribute to improve the ability of researchers in the field to work together and build cumulative knowledge.

Mit vielversprechenden Innovationen bieten sich Chancen, durch ein verbessertes Katastrophenmanagement gesellschaftliche Resilienz zu stärken. Ob und inwiefern diese Chancen genutzt werden hängt ganz wesentlich von Gesetzen, Richtlinien und organisatorischen Faktoren ab. Mit einem Fokus auf Katastrophenmanagement in der EU hat die Dissertation deshalb Antworten auf die Frage “Welche Gesetze, Richtlinien und organisatorischen Faktoren erschweren oder unterstützen eine erfolgreiche Implementierung von Innovationen im Katastrophenmanagement, um die Resilienz in der EU zu stärken; und wie?“ gesucht. Das Thema ist in einer Schnittmenge von Forschungsfeldern angesiedelt, darunter Innovationsmanagement, Resilienz, Katastrophenmanagement, Sicherheitspolitik und Technikfolgenabschätzung. Zunächst wurde eine umfangreiche literaturbasierte Analyse durchgeführt, um Einflussfaktoren auf Innovationsimplementierungen sowohl im privaten als auch im öffentlichen Sektor zu analysieren, die bereits in früheren Studien identifiziert worden sind. Diese Ergebnisse wurden dann auf den Bereich des Katastrophenmanagements übertragen, unter Berücksichtigung seiner spezifischen Eigenschaften. Dadurch ergab sich ein erstes Set an Innovationsdeterminanten. Anschließend wurden ausführliche Experteninterviews durchgeführt, bzgl. ausgewählter Innovationen, die kürzlich im Katastrophenmanagement implementiert worden sind. Die Innovationsbeispiele stammen aus Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Österreich (wobei kein Anspruch auf Repräsentativität besteht, aber Rückschlüsse auf Zusammenhänge mit dem EU-Katastrophenmanagementsystem und seinen Marktbedingungen möglich sind) und umfassen verschiedene Innovationstypen wie Produktinnovation vs. Organisationsinnovation, oder inkrementelle Innovation vs. radikale Innovation. Die Experten, Anwender sowie Anbieter der Innovationsbeispiele, waren alle intensiv an den Innovationsimplementierungsprozessen beteiligt, und verfügen daher über einschlägige Erfahrungen im Hinblick auf Faktoren, die einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Implementierung hatten. Die Konsolidierung und Auswertung der literaturbasierten Analyse und der Interviewergebnisse ergab schließlich ein neues, angepasstes Set an Innovationsdeterminanten. Im Bereich Gesetze und Richtlinien wurden Determinanten identifiziert, die sich den thematischen Gruppen „Gemeinsame Datennutzung“, „Kooperation & Wissensaustausch“, „Schutz von Mitarbeitern & der Organisation“ sowie „Externe Anreize“ zuordnen lassen. Organisatorische Determinanten wurden kategorisiert nach „Mitarbeiter und Arbeitsprozesse“, „Intra- und interorganisatorische Zusammenarbeit“, „Innovationskultur“ und „Kompatibilität innovationsspezifischer Eigenschaften“. Die Experteninterviews zeigen, dass insbesondere Individuelles Engagement, Verfügbare finanzielle Ressourcen und Zeit, die für die Implementierung einer Innovation zur Verfügung steht, wesentlich den Erfolg einer Innovationsimplementierung bestimmen. Durch die Analyse von Innovationsdeterminanten im Katastrophenmanagement können die Ergebnisse der Arbeit aktuelle internationale Ansätze unterstützen, um innovative Technologien für die Katastrophenbewältigung verfügbar zu machen, die Kluft zwischen Forschung und Markt zu verringern, Fähigkeiten im Katastrophenmanagement zu stärken und Resilienz zu erhöhen., Promising innovations offer the possibility to enhance the resilience of a society by improving disaster management processes. However, if and to what extent these opportunities are taken depends significantly on pertinent laws, policies, and organizational factors. Focusing on disaster management in the EU, this thesis thus sought answers to the question: “Which laws, policies, and organizational determinants hinder or support a successful implementation of innovations in disaster management to increase resilience in the EU, and how?” The topic is located at an intersection of research fields including innovation management, resilience, disaster management, security policy, and technology assessment. First, a comprehensive literature-based analysis was conducted to analyze factors that influence the implementation of innovations, both in the private and the public sector, which had been identified in previous studies. Transferring these results to the disaster management domain by considering its specific characteristics led to a first set of innovation determinants. Then, in-depth expert interviews were conducted related to specific cases, i.e., innovations, that have recently been implemented in disaster management. These example innovations stem from Germany, the Netherlands, and Austria (not claiming to be representative for these countries, but allowing conclusions to be drawn related to the EU disaster management system including its market conditions), and cover different types of innovation, such as product innovation vs. organizational innovation, or incremental innovation vs. radical innovation. The experts, i.e., users as well as suppliers of the example innovations, were all intensely involved in the implementation processes and thus have pertinent insights into factors that significantly influenced the implementation of the respective innovations. Finally, consolidating and evaluating the results of the literature-based analysis and the expert interviews led to a new, adapted set of determinants. Identified determinants in the field of laws and policies belong to the thematic groups of “Information sharing”, “Cooperation & knowledge sharing”, “Protection of employees & of the organization”, and “External incentives”. Organizational determinants can be categorized by “Staff and work process”, “Intra- and interorganizational cooperation”, “Innovation culture”, and “Compatibility of innovation-specific characteristics”. The expert interviews reveal that especially the Commitment of individuals, Available financial resources, and Time given to implement an innovation extensively determine the success of an innovation implementation. By unravelling innovation determinants in disaster management, the results of the study offer opportunities to support current international approaches to make innovative technology available for disaster response, to reduce the gap between research and market, to enhance disaster management capabilities, and to increase resilience.

This report lines out the procedure for quality, risk and innovation management within RiskPACC. The main objective of this document is to explain the approach to quality assurance in RiskPACC in general, and the internal review process in specific, to identify and address risks, and to maximize exploitation of innovation opportunities.

This report discusses contextual factors that need to be considered when conducting an indicator-based resilience assessment of smart critical infrastructures (SCIs). It includes legal issues, organizational requirements, as well as ethical considerations.

Die zeitliche Struktur von Signalen in der akustischen Umgebung ist wesentlich für die Entwicklung neuronaler zeitlicher Verarbeitung im unreifen auditorischen System als auch für Modifikationen in der zeitlichen Verarbeitung im adulten System. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob spezifische[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 88. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

The report discusses the challenges posed by four types of threats -terrorist attacks, cyber attacks, extreme weather and social unrest- on the SmartResilience case studies. The way this analysis was conducted was by assessing these threats using a 5x5 framework matrix. The two axes of the matrix were phases (understand risks, anticipate/prepare, absorb/withstand, respond/recover, adapt/learn) and dimensions (system/physical, information/data, organizational/business, societal/political, cognitive/decision-making). Each individual matrix block was discussed by subject experts who identified specific challenges and implications for each matrix element and rated its relevance (high, medium, low). In terms of the results, the system/physical dimension received the highest number of important challenges. Overall, the most important singular element was to understand risks in the organizational/business dimension. The least importance was attributed to the adapt/learn phase.

The paper addresses the impacts that an increased ""smartness"" of critical infrastructures can have on their resilience towards natural and man-made hazards. Smart technologies, i.e. technologies that are integrated, interconnected, intelligent, and autonomous, usually make a normal operation more adaptive and efficient. However, due to their highly complex architecture, it is not clear if a smart system also behaves smartly when exposed to extreme threats. This question is also focus of the EU project SmartResilience, which develops a respective methodology to measure resilience of smart critical infrastructures. Resilience of an infrastructure is thereby understood as ""the ability to understand risks, anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to changing conditions and withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from disruption"". A maturity model is proposed, which encompasses five levels of critical infrastructure ""smartness"", ranging from ""non-existent"" to ""automated/predictive"". The paper addresses six main challenges that operators of critical infrastructure can face due to the application of smart technologies: ""compromise of individual privacy"", ""governance related challenges"", and ""inconsistent adoption"" are in the first place seen as intrinsic challenges of systems becoming smarter; and ""vulnerability due to interconnectedness"", ""vulnerability due to centralization"", and ""increased automation"" are crucial challenges especially in the context of natural and man-made threats. While the paper elaborates on challenges that operators of critical infrastructures using smart systems can face, it will be necessary to analyze specifically for each smart critical infrastructure, if and in how far advantages such as being more efficient and adaptive are outweighed by related risks.

This report is targeting a framing of what SmartResilience actually wants to measure - "resilience"-, taking relevant research results and existing guidelines and standards into account.This is especially challenging due to the vast variety of understandings, definitions, concepts and applications of the term, including usages in different research areas or fields of application. In addition, for the reason of this variety, a huge number of articles and reports discussing the term, its understangings and usages on a theoretical basis have been developed. Even several coprehensive reviews on the term, including qualitative and quantitative literature analysis as well as expert reviews, have already been conducted.

Interaurale Zeitunterschiede (ITDs) sind wesentlich für das Richtungshören. Die Diskrimination von ITDs bei bilateralen Cochlea Implantat (CI) Trägern ist allerdings deutlich schlechter als bei Normalhörenden. Um diese Diskrepanz zu verstehen, wurde in normalhörenden Tieren [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 87. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

Der Erfolg und die Limitation eines Cochlea Implantates (CI) sind abhängig von der Fähigkeit des zentralen auditorischen Systems, die spektral und zeitlich reduzierten elektrischen Stimulationssignale adäquat zu verarbeiten. Klinische Studien zeigen, dass CI-Träger ihr Sprachverständnis[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 86. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie