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# Background Quarantine is one of the best measures to prevent the community spread of any infectious diseases. The study focused on the psychosocial impacts of quarantine among the survivors of the highly fatal viral disease, Nipah virus infection (NiV), and their family members. Objective of the study was to examine the psychosocial impact of quarantine on NiV survivors and families being quarantined because of exposure to NiV infection. # Methods We used qualitative in-depth interviews, Focus group discussions and Narratives of a participant observer to explore the psychosocial impacts of Quarantine during the NiV outbreak. We identified 2 major themes for doing the in-depth interview and focus group discussions: (i) quarantine experience, (ii) its impact on the family and social living and subject’s working environment. # Results The identified major themes are the following, Stroke on the community structure, public mistrust, psychosocial sequelae experienced by the grass root level health care workers, stigma in the community and social percussions. # Conclusions Quarantine measures were effective when controlling an infectious disease spread, but it imparts many long lasting consequences on the psychological and social wellbeing of the individual. Better understanding these consequences will help to plan interventions incorporating this knowledge in future outbreaks of similar types.

In a 24 hour study, 10 adult male albino rats (total=60) were sacrificed at every four hour starting from 00:00 hours. Reproductive tissues and ndash; testis, epididymis (caput, corpus, cauda), vas deference, seminal vesicle, prostate (ventral, dorso ventral) and coagulating glands were dissected out and the level of gold was measured in each tissue by employing atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Level of gold differed showing peaks and nadirs at different timings, like dorso ventral prostate gland showed the highest amount (3.31 and micro;g per gram tissue) at 08:00 hrs and the lowest (0.03 and micro;g per gram) at 00:00 hrs. Fluctuation observed in the level of gold is discussed in terms of chronobiology. [J Med Allied Sci 2016; 6(2.000): 52-55]

The present study describes a 7-year-old male child who had attended the Pediatric Oncology Clinic of the Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, and was pathologically confirmed to have B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL). Conventional cytogenetics analysis at diagnosis showed the presence of a double Philadelphia chromosome and the karyotype of the case was 47, XY , t (9;22)(q34;q11.2), + der(22)t(9;22). FISH, done as a molecular confirmation of the translocation, t (9;22)(q34;q11.2), and this case showed an additional fusion signal that confirms the presence of double Ph. As far as we are aware, this represents the initial and only  occurrence of an abnormality report regarding the double Philadelphia chromosome in pediatric B-ALL within India. The double Philadelphia chromosome in B-ALL has a very poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment with chemotherapy. This study reveals the importance of conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis in risk stratification and prognosis prediction of pediatric B-ALL. The risk stratification based on the conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis may be taken into consideration for deciding the treatment strategy for each patient., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors affirm that there were no potential conflicts of interest., (© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of rare heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by enlarged hyperplastic lymph nodes. It is classified into unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD). The present retrospective study examined the data of 11 patients with CD diagnosed and treated at a tertiary cancer center from 2017 to 2022. The median age of the study group was 41 years (range, 24 to 68 years). There were 8 males and 3 females. In total, 7 patients were diagnosed with UCD and 4 patients with MCD. The hyaline-vascular variant was the most common histology in both UCD and MCD. Among the 7 patients with UCD, 5 patients underwent excision, 1 patient underwent debulking followed by radiotherapy and 1 patient received single agent rituximab. Of the patients with UCD, 6 had a complete response (CR) and 1 patient had a partial response (PR). All 4 patients with MCD received systemic treatment, which included single agent rituximab (2 patients), rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (RCHOP) (1 patient) and CHOP (1 patient). Among the patients with MCD, 1 patient attained a CR, 2 patients had a PR and 1 patient succumbed. The 3-year survival rate for the study population was 91%. In summary, CD is a rare disease occurring in immunodeficient patients. UCD is more common and is associated with better outcomes. Surgery is the mainstay of management in UCD whereas MCD requires combination chemotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Abraham et al.)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) commonly presents as nodal disease, but in a subset of cases, the disease primarily develops in extranodal sites. Primary classical HL of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an extremely rare occurrence. Primary nature of the disease is confirmed after a complete lymphoma work up including chest radiograph, computed tomography scan, peripheral blood, and bone marrow studies. Only a few cases of primary GI lymphomas with limited immunohistochemical or molecular confirmation have been reported in literature. We report the case of a 64-year-old immunocompetent woman with primary rectal HL. She presented with constipation, and on sigmoidoscopy examination, she was detected to have an ulceroproliferative circumferential growth in the rectum. Considering the possibility of rectal carcinoma, a low anterior resection was done. Histology was suggestive of mixed cellularity classical HL. She was started on combination chemotherapy, and she responded well to treatment. However, she developed pulmonary complication after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy and succumbed to the illness. Primary rectal HL is extremely rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only 16 cases have been reported previously. We believe that reporting this case will add to the scarce data about this unusual presentation in immunocompetent patients.

Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) with considerable variation in incidence across the world. They show a wide variety of clinicopathological features and generally associated with poor clinical outcome. Lymphoma data from different geographic regions will definitely aid in routine clinical practice and research work. PTCLs are reported with a higher frequency in Asia as compared to Western countries., Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency and distribution of PTCLs diagnosed in a tertiary care cancer center in Kerala., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, for 5 years from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. All PTCLs diagnosed during this period were reviewed and then classified according to the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using Chi-square test., Results: Among the total 3108 cases of lymphomas diagnosed at our center, 2404 cases were NHLs (77.35%). PTCLs (n = 333) contributed 13.85% of all NHLs. Among these, PTCL, not otherwise specified, constituted the most common subtype (92 cases, 27.63%), followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (79 cases, 23.72%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (75 cases, 22.52%), mycosis fungoides (28 cases, 8.40%), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) (28 cases, 8.40%)., Conclusion: This is the largest study on PTCLs reported from Kerala. We document that the frequency of PTCLs is higher than that reported from Western studies. The frequency of ATLL reported from Kerala is much higher than that reported from other states.

Objectives: Composite tumors are defined as tumors in which there are two different intermixed histologic types. Our objective was to study the clinical and pathologic features of five cases of composite lymphoma., Materials and Methods: Our study included five patients of composite lymphoma diagnosed over a period of 5 years. Clinical presentation, hematological parameters including peripheral smear, bone marrow aspirate, and histopathological examination of lymph node including immunohistochemistry (IHC) were studied. Treatment and follow-up details were also noted., Results: All the five cases were in the adult age group ranging from 44 to 72 years. All the cases were composite follicular lymphoma (FL) and mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Diagnosis in all cases was suspected on morphology by identification of distinct neoplastic follicles in FL and classic Reed-Sternberg cells in CHL and confirmed by IHC., Conclusion: Although rare, composite lymphomas should be kept in mind. Careful histopathological examination of lymph node with identification of distinct morphological features along with IHC helps to arrive at the definitive diagnosis.