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Kidney transplantation is universally recognized as the gold standard treatment in patients with End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD, or according to the latest nomenclature, CKD stage 5). Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) is gradually becoming preferred technique in adults, even if applied in very few centra, with potentially improved clinical outcomes compared with open kidney transplantation. To date, only very few RAKT procedures in children have been described. Kidney transplant recipient patients, being immunocompromised, might be at increased risk for perioperative surgical complications, which creates additional challenges in management. Applying techniques of minimally invasive surgery may contribute to the improvement of clinical outcomes for the pediatric transplant patients population and help mitigate the morbidity of KT. However, many challenges remain ahead. Minimally invasive surgery has been consistently shown to produce improved clinical outcomes as compared to open surgery equivalents. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) has been able to overcome many restrictions of classical laparoscopy, particularly in complex and demanding surgical procedures. Despite the presence of these improvements, many challenges lie ahead in the surgical and technical–material realms, in addition to anesthetic and economic considerations. RALS in children poses additional challenges to both the surgical and anesthesiology team, due to specific characteristics such as a small abdominal cavity and a reduced circulating blood volume. Cost-effectiveness, esthetic and functional wound outcomes, minimal age and weight to undergo RALS and effect of RAKT on graft function are discussed. Although data on RAKT in children is scarce, it is a safe and feasible procedure and results in excellent graft function. It should only be performed by a RAKT team experienced in both RALS and transplantation surgery, fully supported by a pediatric nephrology and anesthesiology team. Further research is necessary to better determine the value of the robotic approach as compared to the laparoscopic and open approach. Cost-effectiveness will remain an important subject of debate and is in need of further evaluation as well.

Известный лингвист и полиглот в первой части статьи рассказывает о своем образовании и причинах изучения многочисленных иностранных языков. Главными причинами для него были желание изучить турецкий и другие тюркские языки, лингвистический интерес и изучение языка посещяемой им страны. Во второй части автор дает полезные советы и рекомендации изучающим иностранные языки, опираясь на свой личный опыт.Вопросы рассматриваемые в статье «Как мы будем изучать иностранные языки?», «Как человек полиглот какие полезные советы и рекомендации изучения иностранных языков можем дать?», The famous linguist and polyglot tells about personal education of learning of multiple languages and causes in the first chapter. The main causes here are importance and desire of learning foreign languages as Turkish and other Turkish languages, linguistic interests, training of languages and he has also a principle of learning the language of the country before travelling that country.In the second chapter author gives beneficial advises and recommendation learners of foreign languages through influences of individual experiences. This article deals with the problem of learning foreign languages: “How can we learn foreign language?” and “As a polyglot, what kind of useful advises and recommendation can we give?., Тіл білімі маманы мен полиглот болатын автор бұл мақаланың бірінші бөлігінде өзінің білімі мен өзін көптеген шетел тілдерін үйренуге түрткі болған себептерді түсіндiреді. Басты себептер автордың түрік тілі мен өзге түркі тілдерін үйреніп толық түсіну тілегі, лингвистикалық қызығуы және бір елге бармастан бұрын сол елдің тілін үйрену принципі болған. Түрткі болуы мүмкін басқа себептерден де мысалдар бергеннен соң мақаланың екінші бөлігінде автор өз тіл үйрену тәжірибелеріне сүйене отырып, шетел тілдерін үйренушілерге пайдалы кеңестер мен ұсыныстар береді.Бұл мақалада қарастыратын тақырып мынадай: «Шетел тілдерін қалай үйренеміз?», «Көп шетел тілін үйренген бір адам болып сіздерге қай пайдалы кеңестерді, қай ұсыныстарды бере алады?».

Converbs, which are widely used in Turkic languages, constitute a number of converb constructions conveying aspectual and Aktionsart meanings. These constructions, often called “auxiliary verb constructions”, have been well studied in general. In this article, which is restricted to Uzbek, we will study in detail a different kind of converb construction, that until today mainly went unnoticed by turcologists: the “converb construction of motion” CCM . It is defined as a succession of verbs, linked with the converb suffix - i b, in which each verb expresses a separate semantic component of the same motion event. Our research based on a monolingual Uzbek corpus showed that three Main Types and one Extra Type can be distinguished. These are made up of verbs belonging to well-defined semantic verbal categories, combinations of which constitute specific subtypes. It can be concluded that Uzbek has an elaborate system of CCMs., Türk dillerinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan ulaçlar, görünüş ve kılınış anlamlarını ifade eden çeşitli ulaçlı yapılar oluşturmaktadır. “Yardımcı fiil yapısı” olarak da adlandırılan bu yapılar üzerine çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Özbekçe ile sınırlı olan bu makalemizde ise bugüne kadar Türkologlar tarafından genellikle üzerinde çok durulmayan farklı bir ulaçlı yapıyı ayrıntılı olarak inceleyeceğiz: “Devinim Anlatan Ulaçlı Yapı” DAUY . Bu yapı, birbirini izleyen, - i b ulaç ekiyle birbirine bağlanan ve her biri aynı devinimin ayrı bir anlamsal bileşenini ifade eden bir fiil dizisi olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Tek dilli bir Özbekçe derleme dayanan araştırmamız, üç Ana Tip ve bir Ek Tip’in ayırt edilebildiğini göstermiştir. Sözkonusu tiplerde kullanılan fiiller belirli anlamsal fiil kategorilerine girmekte ve bu kategorilerin birleştirilme şekilleri belirli alt tipler oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Özbekçenin zengin bir DAUY sistemine sahip olduğu söylenebilmektedir.