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Your search keyword '"Valentin, Liza"' showing total 7 results
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7 results on '"Valentin, Liza"'

1. Mouth-Level Nicotine Intake Estimates from Discarded Filter Butts to Examine Compensatory Smoking in Low Nicotine Cigarettes.

Author

Smith, Tracy, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Hatsukami, Dorothy, Tessier, Katelyn, Murphy, Sharon, Strasser, Andrew, Tidey, Jennifer, Blount, Benjamin, Valentin, Liza, Bravo Cardenas, Roberto, Watson, Clifford, Pirkle, James, Donny, Eric, and Benowitz, Neal

Subjects
Adult, Cigarette Smoking, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth, Nicotine, Smokers, Smoking Reduction, Terpenes, Tobacco Products
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes could reduce smoking rate and prevalence. However, one concern is that smokers may compensate by increasing the intensity with which they smoke each cigarette to obtain more nicotine. This study assessed whether smokers engage in compensatory smoking by estimating the mouth-level nicotine intake of low nicotine cigarettes smoked during a clinical trial. METHODS: Smokers were randomly assigned to receive cigarettes with one of five nicotine contents for 6 weeks. An additional group received a cigarette with the lowest nicotine content, but an increased tar yield. The obtained mouth-level nicotine intake from discarded cigarette butts for a subset of participants (51-70/group) was estimated using solanesol as described previously. A compensation index was calculated for each group to estimate the proportion of nicotine per cigarette recovered through changes in smoking intensity. RESULTS: There was no significant increase in smoking intensity for any of the reduced nicotine cigarettes as measured by the compensation index (an estimated 0.4% of the nicotine lost was recovered in the lowest nicotine group; 95% confidence interval, -0.1 to 1.2). There was a significant decrease in smoking intensity for very low nicotine content cigarettes with increased tar yield. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in nicotine content did not result in compensatory changes in how intensively participants smoked research cigarettes. IMPACT: Combined with data from clinical trials showing a reduction in cigarettes smoked per day, these data suggest that a reduction in nicotine content is unlikely to result in increased smoke exposure.

Published
2020

2. Association of acute toxic encephalopathy with litchi consumption in an outbreak in Muzaffarpur, India, 2014: a case-control study

Author

Shrivastava, Aakash, Kumar, Anil, Thomas, Jerry D, Laserson, Kayla F, Bhushan, Gyan, Carter, Melissa D, Chhabra, Mala, Mittal, Veena, Khare, Shashi, Sejvar, James J, Dwivedi, Mayank, Isenberg, Samantha L, Johnson, Rudolph, Pirkle, James L, Sharer, Jon D, Hall, Patricia L, Yadav, Rajesh, Velayudhan, Anoop, Papanna, Mohan, Singh, Pankaj, Somashekar, D, Pradhan, Arghya, Goel, Kapil, Pandey, Rajesh, Kumar, Mohan, Kumar, Satish, Chakrabarti, Amit, Sivaperumal, P, Kumar, A Ramesh, Schier, Joshua G, Chang, Arthur, Graham, Leigh Ann, Mathews, Thomas P, Johnson, Darryl, Valentin, Liza, Caldwell, Kathleen L, Jarrett, Jeffery M, Harden, Leslie A, Takeoka, Gary R, Tong, Suxiang, Queen, Krista, Paden, Clinton, Whitney, Anne, Haberling, Dana L, Singh, Ram, Singh, Ravi Shankar, Earhart, Kenneth C, Dhariwal, A C, Chauhan, L S, Venkatesh, S, and Srikantiah, Padmini

Published
2017
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3. Mouth-Level Nicotine Intake Estimates from Discarded Filter Butts to Examine Compensatory Smoking in Low Nicotine Cigarettes.

Author

Smith, Tracy T, Smith, Tracy T, Koopmeiners, Joseph S, Hatsukami, Dorothy K, Tessier, Katelyn M, Benowitz, Neal L, Murphy, Sharon E, Strasser, Andrew A, Tidey, Jennifer W, Blount, Benjamin C, Valentin, Liza, Bravo Cardenas, Roberto, Watson, Clifford, Pirkle, James L, Donny, Eric C, Smith, Tracy T, Smith, Tracy T, Koopmeiners, Joseph S, Hatsukami, Dorothy K, Tessier, Katelyn M, Benowitz, Neal L, Murphy, Sharon E, Strasser, Andrew A, Tidey, Jennifer W, Blount, Benjamin C, Valentin, Liza, Bravo Cardenas, Roberto, Watson, Clifford, Pirkle, James L, and Donny, Eric C

Abstract

BackgroundA mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes could reduce smoking rate and prevalence. However, one concern is that smokers may compensate by increasing the intensity with which they smoke each cigarette to obtain more nicotine. This study assessed whether smokers engage in compensatory smoking by estimating the mouth-level nicotine intake of low nicotine cigarettes smoked during a clinical trial.MethodsSmokers were randomly assigned to receive cigarettes with one of five nicotine contents for 6 weeks. An additional group received a cigarette with the lowest nicotine content, but an increased tar yield. The obtained mouth-level nicotine intake from discarded cigarette butts for a subset of participants (51-70/group) was estimated using solanesol as described previously. A compensation index was calculated for each group to estimate the proportion of nicotine per cigarette recovered through changes in smoking intensity.ResultsThere was no significant increase in smoking intensity for any of the reduced nicotine cigarettes as measured by the compensation index (an estimated 0.4% of the nicotine lost was recovered in the lowest nicotine group; 95% confidence interval, -0.1 to 1.2). There was a significant decrease in smoking intensity for very low nicotine content cigarettes with increased tar yield.ConclusionsReductions in nicotine content did not result in compensatory changes in how intensively participants smoked research cigarettes.ImpactCombined with data from clinical trials showing a reduction in cigarettes smoked per day, these data suggest that a reduction in nicotine content is unlikely to result in increased smoke exposure.

Published
2020

4. Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study

Author

Yershova, Katrina, Yuan, Jian-Min, Wang, Renwei, Valentin, Liza, Watson, Clifford, Gao, Yu-Tang, Hecht, Stephen S., and Stepanov, Irina

Subjects
Male, China, Nitrosamines, Neoplasms, Smoking, Tobacco, Carcinogens, Humans, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Article
Abstract

Our recent studies on tobacco smoke carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers and cancer risk among male smokers in the Shanghai Cohort Study showed that exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is prospectively associated with the risk of cancer. These findings support the hypothesis that the smokers’ cancer risk is a function of the dose of select tobacco carcinogens and highlight the importance of understanding the factors that affect the intake of these carcinogens by smokers. Given that tobacco constituent exposures are driven, at least in part, by the levels of these constituents in cigarette smoke, we measured mainstream smoke TSNA and PAH levels in 43 Chinese cigarette brands that participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study reported to smoke. In all brands analyzed here, mainstream smoke levels of NNN and NNK, the two carcinogenic TSNA, were generally relatively low, averaging (±SD) 16.8(±25.1) and 14.2(±9.5) ng/cigarette, respectively. The levels of PAH were comparable to those found in U.S. cigarettes, averaging 15(±9) ng/cigarette for benzo[a]pyrene, 119(±66) ng/cigarette for phenanthrene, and 37(±19) ng/cigarette for pyrene. Our findings indicate that the generally low levels of NNN and NNK are most likely responsible for the relatively low levels of the corresponding biomarkers in the urine of the Shanghai Cohort Study participants as compared to those found in the U.S. smokers, supporting the role of the levels of these constituents in cigarette smoke in smokers’ exposures. Our findings also suggest that, in addition to smoking, other sources contribute to Chinese smokers’ exposure to PAH.

Published
2016

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