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Increased interest in polymer composites filled with natural organic fillers, fillers derived from renewable sources and biodegradable, has resulted from growing concern about environmental concerns and, on the other hand, the desire for more adaptable polymer-based materials. The composites, which are often, referred to as "Green," have a wide range of industrial uses. This research conducts a literature assessment in the wide field of green composites in order to identify materials with the potential to be used on automobile body panels in the near future. Materials derived from renewable resources will be favoured over finite fossil goods from now on. When the polymer matrix is biodegradable and originates from renewable sources, these composites may be even more environmentally beneficial. This rapid overview (with no pretence of exhaustiveness over such a big issue) demonstrates the major routes and findings of study (both academic and industry) on this relevant subject, as well as acceptable sources for further in-depth studies.

Introduction: High risk pregnancies are these that result in maternal or fetal morbidity or mortality. These may include conditions such as pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, oligohydramnios, anemia. Therefore, it becomes very important for early identification of the risk so that immediate treatment can be given. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of both the mother and child. the non stress test and NST with the amniotic fluid volume (Modified biophysical profile) are some of the tests used for this purpose. Materials and Methods: After the demographic details and clinical evaluation, Non stress test (NST) was done for all the patients. The fetal heart rate, movements and tone was measured along with the uterine contractions. If there were more than 2 fetal movements with two accelerations of 15 beats / minute or more within 10 mintues of monitoring, the test was rendered reactive. The amniotic fluid volume and Index were measured. Results: The mean age of the women was 23.3 + 5.1 years and the mean gestational age of them was 34.87 + 3.91 weeks. The most predominant risk factors which was present in the expectant mothers was decreased movements of the fetus, followed by hypertension and Oligohydramnios. 27% of the patients had to be induced for vaginal delivery while spontaneous delivery was seen in 22% of the cases. 24% of the patients elected to go in for LSCS delivery while emergency LSCS was done on 14% of the patients. 68 (46.9%) mothers with high risk pregnancy had a normal NST and AFI, while 43 (29.7%) of them had an Abnormal NST with Abnormal AFI. 11 (7.6%) of them had Normal NST but an Abnormal AFI and 23 (15.9%) had and Abnormal NST with a Normal AFI. Conclusion: The overall sensitivity and the specificity of NST, AFI and MBPP are comparable to each other in the detection of fetal distress, though MBPP is marginally better. Keywords: Modified biophysical profile, Non-stress test, Amniotic fluid index.

One of the approaches for solving challenges related to foundations, open cut excavations, landslides, rock slopes, fractured rocks and tunnelling is enhancement of soil via grouting. Two main components of soil enhancement are reduced permeability and increase in strength. To overcome reduced strength and permeability in soils and rock fissures, it has always depended on cement and lime treatment. To replace cement and lime, chemical and ultra-fine cementitious grouts are often employed to break through highly fissured rocks or fine sands. This document gives a censorious evaluation of chosen studies that used unconventional cementitious grouts in order to assist practicing engineers and promote best practice. In sand and cohesive soils, sodium silicate, colloidal silica, metakaolin, silica fume, fly ash, resins, polymers, and microfine substitutes were evaluated as grouting material. The intent of the article is to procure effective data for consultants and contractors who will be building injection works that use non-cementitious fluids in the future.

With the usage of De-regulated power system lately, power system maintenance has been a major issue. In order to maintain microgrid stability and reliability, wind speed prediction is one of the important factors and necessary as well. Because of the negative ecological effect of utilizing fossil fuel sources and exhaustion of petroleum products, the elective fuel sources are being looked through everywhere on the world. Since wind energy is perfect and sustainable, the entrance of wind energy for power generation is expanding step by step. Prediction of wind speed is also used in computing the wind energy. Wind speed is non-linear in nature and hence prediction of wind speed is foremost. The ability of Machine Learning techniques to work with inadequate commands makes it superior over other techniques. So, the proposed model uses Back Propagation Network (BPN), Radial Basis Neural network (RBNN), Gradient Boost Regression method (GBR) to conclude the network which gives a better output to predict the wind speed.

Generally, wind speed prediction plays a vital role in generation of wind power. Lately, wind power generation has developed quickly, and the exactness expectation of wind power generation is vital due to the effect on the security of power frameworks. Notwithstanding, the varieties of wind speeds is incredibly high, making the prediction of wind power generation very troublesome. Initially, correlation analysis of different input parameters is considered and the parameters with the higher correlation are scrutinized and then they are considered to be the ultimate inputs for prediction of wind speed. In this paper, errors are compared between two noted deep learning algorithms namely, Long Short -Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and the final conclusion has shown that GRU gives better results compared to LSTM in predicting the wind speed. However, Both LSTM and GRU have their own set of pros and cons.

A sensitive and eco-friendly method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of Lisinopril (LSP) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations by cloud point extraction technique. The method was based on the formation of a blue-colored coordination complex between Lisinopril (LSP) and Cobalt Thiocyanate (CTC) at a suitable pH. The Complex in aqueous medium was extracted into surfactant layer by cloud point extraction using a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 and then the surfactant layer was dissolved in a suitable volume of ethanol and the amount of Lisinopril was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 625 nm. The conditions like concentration of the drug, concentration of CTC and of Triton X-114, PH, etc. were optimized by OFAT (One Factor At a Time) method. The linear range of calibration curve was 1 - 6 μg/ml and the linear regression equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.99996 was y = 0.0021 + 0.084x. Preconcentration and enrichment factors were found to be 100 and 3.12 respectively, achieving the detection limit of 0.0588 μg/ml. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of LSP in the drug formulations. The obtained values were in agreement with the values as quoted by the manufacturers.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Bancassurance model on the financial performance of selected commercial banks. For achieving the objectives data was collected from 10 public sector commercial bank. The selection of banks is based on simple random sampling. Under the study bank performance as dependent variables and Cost-to-income Ratio, Yield on Advances, Net Interest Margin, Cost of Deposits, Yield on Funds are designated as independent variable. The major outcome of the study is Yield on Advances, Cost of Deposits, Yield on Funds, Cost-to-income Ratio significantly improves Bank performance. Except, net Margin not have a significant impact on performance of bank.

Invasive fungal lung disease (IFD) is a well-recognised complication post haematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT), occurring in approximately 5–21% of patients, despite tri-azole anti-fungal prophylaxis. Baseline CT thorax (BCT) pre-HSCT is increasingly considered as standard practise to evaluate lung disease, however evidence on outcomes from previous studies has been limited by either small or heterogenous cohorts (Ceesay et al 2018, Bitterman et al 2019). Kings College Hospital is one of the largest HSCT centres in the UK, as such IFD accounts for a significant patient morbidity and hospital bed days. We conducted a single centre prospective analysis of patients with myeloid malignancies and aplastic anaemia (n=350) who underwent T-cell deplete allo-HSCT between Jan 2015 and April 2019. BCT was performed in 235 patients. IFD was defined by by EORTC criteria. See figure 1 for baseline characteristics. Post HSCT, IFD developed in 9.1% of total patients (n=32/350) and in 12.3% (n=29/235) of those who had BCT. Patients with European Platform of Cancer Research (EORTC) defined changes on BCT developed significantly more IFD (34.2% vs 9.4%, p=0.0004). Univariate analysis of baseline characteristics identified that a significantly higher proportion of those with pre-HSCT IFD developed post-HSCT IFD (33.3% vs 8.3%; P=0.003). Reduced intensity conditioning, poor baseline performance status and co-morbidities, and gas transfer (TLCO Abnormal BCT did not influence overall survival, however in patients with EORTC defined changes on BCT, there was a significant reduction in median IFD-free survival (30.5 months vs 47 months, p=0.009) when compared to non-EORTC and normal CT findings. There was a significant reduction in overall survival at 12 months post HSCT in those who developed IFD (62% vs 76%, p=0.001, log rank). Previous IFD, EORTC BCT changes and abnormal TLCO pre-HSCT influence IFD related outcomes and we suggest early respiratory optimisation pre-HSCT to reduce risk of IFD-related mortality. Further evaluation of impact of interventions in patients with abnormal BCT is warranted.

This paper presents the assessment of the strength at early age and automatic curing of concrete using the IoT (Internet of things). IoT can be used for SHM (structural health monitoring) and for other civil engineering applications. Evaluating the strength of concrete structures at early age is very important for a structural engineer, similarly the controlling the waste of water during continuous curing of concrete done manually is also a matter of concern. So the concept of assessing the early age strength using smart rock sensor and automatic curing using moisture sensors are installed to address the above issues in construction. The functioning of these entire processes can be monitored and controlled from remote location.

A high-strength Concrete structure is what everyone tries to achieve through the project. So many studies are being studied with various types of fibers. In this paper, I have used PVA fibers with two different types of plasticizers. The main purpose of this study is to find the amount of plasticizer to be used and which is feasible to be used for different proportions of PVA fibers. We have casted 0.125%, 0.250%, 0.375%, and 0.50% of PVA fiber in the proportion of the weight of cement. We have also studied their compressive strength and split tensile strength. By which we have decided the optimum dosage of plasticizes to be used for the different proportions of PVA fiber.

This paper presents the use of modified method of constant voltage technique, electrical resistivity and corrosion potential measurements in determining the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors’ in concrete in arresting corrosion in the steel rebars in reinforced concrete specimens. Accelerated corrosion test is conducted on the different corrosion inhibitor mixed reinforced beams made with different cover thickness to understand the effect of cover thickness and type of inhibitor on the rate of corrosion based on the accelerated cracking initiated. Various inhibitors of corrosion, including calcium nitrite, sodium nitrite, hexamine and Diethanolamine, have been used in optimal dosage and investigated for their corrosion resistivity in concrete.

BACKGROUND The ultrasound assisted synthesis and anti-bacterial evaluation of a series of compounds based on 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole framework is reported here. The approach leading to the synthesis of these compounds involved the Cu-catalyzed coupling-cyclization of N-substituted 2-iodoanilines with benzamide derivatives in the presence of 2-aminoethanol as a ligand. CONCLUSION A number of compounds were prepared using this methodology in acceptable yield. Two of these compounds showed promising antibacterial activities when tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.

To analyse the water demand for rural regions is very important to distribute the public water demand and agricultural water demand. In this contest, rural areas under three reservoir command areas namely Konam, Raiwada and Thandava Reservoir command areas located in Visakhapatnam district are selected. Different methods are used for population forecasting and the results are compared with the available actual population in 2011. Decreasing rate method gives satisfactory results and this method is used to determine the present population in the selected rural regions. Total demand for all three regions is obtained and agricultural demand is about 94 to 96%, domestic water demand is about 2.5 to 3.5 %, water losses is about 1 to 1.5 %, fire and public use demand is around 0.5 %, and industrial and commercial demand is less than 0.5% of the total water demand. Per capita total water demand various from 1415 to 1817 cubic meters for selected regions.

Pavement materials are crucial factors affecting pavement durability. Now-a-days, there is dire necessity for roads which are more stable and stronger. Due to weathering conditions and heavy traffic, the pavement surfaces are getting deteriorated by rutting, pot holes etc. Among them asphalt is the most sustainable pavement material for construction pavements and can be used for many applications including highways, airport runways, parking lots and drive ways. In order to provide effective durability than that of asphalt, in its original form it has been modified using Nano-materials known as modified asphalt. In this paper we are gone deal with the advances in Nano-materials in hot mix asphalt and also addition of recronfibre and the comparison was made. With the addition of this Recronfibre, there is an improvement in the properties of bitumen like increase in stability value and decrease in the flow value, % of air voids etc. Recronfibre is an artificial material obtained from the polyester and which is also used as a secondary reinforcement for attaining tensile strength. It helps to resist the cracks obtained by the improper laying of pavement surface and heavy loaded vehicles. But whereas, the clay Nano-particles are the primary materials applying in asphalt construction adding Nano-particles like Nano clay, Nano silica and nanotubes in asphalts normally increase the viscosity of asphalt binders and improves the rutting and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. From this the performance of asphalt when treated with Nano-particles and its sustainability compared to that of other pavement materials is examined and studied.

Now-a-days, there is dire necessity for roads which aremore stable and stronger. Due to weathering conditions and heavy traffic, the pavement surfaces are getting deteriorated by rutting, pot holes etc. With the addition of this Recronfiber, there is an improvement in the properties of bitumen like increase in stability value and decrease in the flow value, % of air voids etc. Recron fiber is an artificial material obtained from the polyesterand which is also used as a secondary reinforcement for attainingtensile strength. It helps to resistthe cracks obtained by the improper laying of pavement surface and heavy loaded vehicles. In the present study, various proportions of Recron fiber such as 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%are added to Bitumen to prevent the deterioration of pavement surface andvarious tests areperformed on aggregate and bitumen. From the results, it is found that, the flow value and % of air voids decrease and stability value increases. Hence, it is proved that, it protects the pavement surface from the effect of fatigue, cracking and deformation. The obtained results show that 9% is the optimum percentage of Recron fiber to be added to the bitumen. For nominal bitumen mix, the maximum stability value is 12.07 kN and for modified bitumen (Recron added) mix the maximum stability value is 16.79 kN.

In this paper urease enzyme facilitated calcium carbonate precipitation for soil strength improvement is characterized using X-ray diffraction and the amount of calcium carbonate precipitated is quantified based on acid leaching, thermal decomposition and CO2 volume evaluation approaches. These techniques are adopted to evaluate the spreading of calcium carbonate crystals within the sand matrix after treatment with urease enzyme and nutrients. Sand columns of 60mm diameter and height 60 mm are prepared with the help of PVC pipes. Nutrient solution made up of urea, urease enzyme producing Sporosarcina pasteurii bacterium and calcium supplement in the form of calcium chloride is introduced into the sand columns ensuring the uniform distribution. Later treated samples of sand is examined for calcium carbonate precipitation by Sporosarcina pasteurii bacterium by XRD and quantified.

This paper presents a mathematical approach to find the optimal combination of operating parameters of a diesel engine. The proposed approach not only provides the analysis of the alternatives, but also enables the visualization of various criteria present and their interrelations. The measures of the criteria and their relative importance are used to rank the alternatives. The use of permanent concept helps in better appreciation of the criteria and it characterizes the considered selection problem as it contains all possible structural components of the criteria and their relative importance. It was found that the combination of Compression ratio of 15.37:1 and Load of 18 amperes is the optimal combination of operating parameters of the diesel engine.

Soil is the key element of this nature and all the basic needs of life such as food, house and cloths are fulfilled by the soil. Black Cotton soils with high potential for swelling and shrinking as a result of change in moisture content are one of the major soil deposits of India. Soil stabilization is the process which improves the physical properties of soil, such as shear strength, bearing capacity which can be done by use of controlled compaction or addition of suitable admixtures like cement, lime, sand, fly ash or by providing geo textiles, geo synthetics etc. The new technique of soil stabilization can be effectively used to meet the challenges of society, to reduce the quantities of waste, producing useful material from non-useful waste materials. Since the use of plastic in diversified forms such as chairs, bottles, polythene bags, etc., has been advancing speedily and its disposal has been a problem all the time regarding the environmental concern, using plastic as soil stabilizer would reduce the problem of disposing the plastic as well as increases the density and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil in an economical way. The present study is focused to overcome the problems experienced in Amaravathi, the capital of newly formed Andhra Pradesh State. In the present study, an experimental program was conducted for stabilization of Black Cotton Soils in the Capital Region i.e., Amaravathi of newly formed Andhra Pradesh, with the utilization of Plastic waste as soil stabilizer. Different contents of plastic strips (% by weight varying from 0% to 8%) are added to the Black Cotton Soil and the optimum percentage of plastic strips in soil was found out by conducting California Bearing Ratio Test.

The corrosion of rebar is one of the main problem in the construction industry. A lot of amount is spent on the repair work every year but none of them is that effective. Therefore, the recent studies are being conducting on the FRP rebar due to the brittle nature and the bonding performance. We have also used PVA fiber in concrete to increase the strength of the concrete. we are using Hybrid beams in which we have replaced the corner rebar with BFRP bars because of their superior corrosion effect and the strength to weight ratio. We used four point loading test on these hybrid reinforced beams to find the flexural behaviour by which we can predict the performance. 0.25% PVA fiber reinforced concrete showed the optimum results.

Rapid innovation in interdisciplinary technology emphasized the data acquisition system to evaluate the structural integrity by combining with advance sensing techniques. These smart sensors with impedance methodology has shown an excellent potential in assessing the structural health condition and provided an alternative to many sophisticated Non destructive monitoring systems. The sensitivity of electro mechanical impedance technique in detecting local incipient damages is enhanced with piezoelectric mechanism of lead zirconate titanate materials and with conductance signatures these materials can determine the dynamic variations in structural properties more effectively. In the present work numerical finite element analysis is conducted on simply supported RCC beam in Abaqus software with reinforcement subjected to corrosion in five stages with different reduction rates and coupled with piezoelectric transducers along the length to implement the impedance strategy. These surface bonded piezoelectric patches are electrically excited with an external voltage under specific frequency range to conduct linear perturbation harmonic analysis and the output conductance responses of healthy and corroded beams from different sensor locations are captured and compared. The peak shifting nature of signature pattern will serve as an indicator to diagnose the corrosion severity and propagation in structural components. The simulation results of proposed impedance technique showed the feasibility of employing piezoelectric materials to identify corrosion activity in structural members with electromechanical conductivity signatures.