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Данная работа посвящена разработке Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ приготовления комбикорма для рыб. Задачи, которые решались в Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ исследования: - Провести анализ Ð»Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¾Ñ‡Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² и нормативно-Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ документации по теме исследования; - Исследовать отечественный рынок комбикормов для промышленного рыбоводства; - Изучить имеющуюся Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑŽ производства комбикормов на основе зернового сырья и Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² зернового производства; - Подобрать сырье для изготовления комбикормов для рыб; - Исследовать имеющееся сырье; - Разработать Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑŽ производства комбикормов на основе Ð²Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ÑƒÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð² пивоварения. Объекты исследования: свежевыработанная влажная односолодовая дробина, спирулина в виде порошка, пивные дрожжи инактивированные высушенные в виде Ñ Ð»Ð¾Ð¿ÑŒÐµÐ². Работа выполнена на базе лаборатории Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ ВШБиПП ИБСиБ. В Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ работы экспериментальным путем была разработана Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ приготовления комбикорма для рыб на основе Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð° Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ производства – пивной дробины. Было приготовлено две партии с использованием спирулины в первом случае и Ð¿Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð¶Ð¶ÐµÐ¹ во втором., This work is devoted to the development of technology for the preparation of feed for fish. The tasks of the study: - Conduct an analysis of literary sources and normative and technical documentation on the research topic; - Explore the domestic market of feed for industrial fish farming; - To study the existing technology for the production of animal feed based on grain raw materials and grain production waste; - Select raw materials for the manufacture of feed for fish; - Explore available raw materials; - Develop a technology for the production of compound feed based on by-products of brewing. The object of the study is freshly made wet single malt grains, spirulina powder, inactivated dried flake brewer's yeast. The work was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of biotechnology of the Higher School of Biology and Production of IBSiB. In the course of the experimental work, the following technology was developed for the preparation of feed for fish based on waste from biotechnological production - brewer's grains. Two batches were made using spirulina in the first case and brewer's yeast in the second.

O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso tem por objetivo analisar o atual cenário para cogeração de biogás, biometano e energia elétrica a partir da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar, identificando as principais barreiras regulatórias no âmbito federal e paulista e, a partir desta análise inicial, propor contribuições para que seja desenvolvido um contexto regulatório que permita a consolidação desta fonte de bioenergia renovável na matriz energética nacional, em especial, no território paulista. Para tanto, após uma breve introdução e contextualização quanto ao uso agronômico da vinhaça, bem como sobre a tecnologia existente para o seu aproveitamento energético, será apresentada um mapeamento das regulamentações legais e infralegais sobre o aproveitamento deste subproduto no Brasil, em especial, no Estado de São Paulo, identificando-se as lacunas e barreiras regulatórias existentes. Por fim, foram formuladas propostas de adequação da legislação vigente com vistas a criar um ambiente regulatório que incentive investimentos neste modelo de cogeração de biogás, biometano e energia elétrica, contribuindo, assim, para formulação de uma política pública voltada à sua inclusão na matriz energética nacional. A partir deste referencial, foi possível concluir que o sucesso do aproveitamento energético da vinhaça em escala comercial está diretamente relacionado à criação de um ambiente regulatório que forneça segurança jurídica e operacional aos agentes econômicos. Para tanto, verificou-se a necessidade de formulação de uma política pública coordenada no nível federal, estadual e municipal, visto que se trata de uma atividade essencialmente transversal. This end-of course paper aims to analyze the current scenario for cogeneration of biogas, biomethane and electricity from sugarcane vinasse, identifying the main regulatory barriers in the federal and São Paulo scope and, based on this analysis Initially, propose contributions so that a regulatory context can be developed that allows the consolidation of this renewable bioenergy source in the national energy matrix, especially in São Paulo. Therefore, after a brief introduction and contextualization regarding the agronomic use of vinasse, as well as the existing technology for its energy use, a mapping of the legal and infra-legal regulations on the use of this by-product in Brazil, especially in the State, will be presented. São Paulo, identifying existing regulatory gaps and barriers. Finally, proposals will be made to adapt the current legislation to create a regulatory environment that encourages investments in this model of cogeneration of biogas, biomethane and electricity, thus contributing to the formulation of a public policy aimed at its inclusion in the energy matrix national. Based on this reference, it was possible to conclude that the success of energy production from vinasse on a commercial scale is directly related to developing a regulatory scenario that provides legal and operational security to economic agents. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a need to formulate a coordinated public policy at the three governmental levels, namely, federal, State, and municipal, as this is an essentially transversal activity.

The preparation of bakery products is expanding, mainly due to the possibility of adding other ingredients, in order to enrich them nutritionally. Spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) is a vegetable widely used, although its stem that has great potential for use, is still considered a waste and discarded. Based on the aforementioned information, this work aims to elaborate and characterize physical, chemical, sensory and minerals of salty muffins enriched with T. tetragonoides. Four formulations of salty muffins were prepared as following: Standard Formulation (F1); Formulation with addition of spinach leaves (F2); Formulation with addition of spinach stems (F3); Formulation with addition of spinach leaves and stems (F4). The physical and chemical characterization of the leaves and stems of T. tetragonoides was done by quantifying the moisture, residue mineral fixed, proteins, color and minerals. Muffins were characterized by analyzing moisture, fixed mineral residue, protein, total reducing sugars and instrumental analysis of color and texture; sensory and minerals. The muffins showed a predominant green color, due to the addition of spinach. However, stems, leaves and muffins have a high content of minerals, especially calcium and iron. The incorporation of vegetables in the formulations provided an increase in protein content, in addition to expressive sensory acceptance. Feasibility is observed in the production of savory muffins with the addition of leaves and stems, thus using the entire vegetable and avoiding food waste.

Submitted by Ivy Rodrigues (ivy@unoeste.br) on 2022-05-18T14:02:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 CLAUDIO DONATO.docx.pdf: 2440181 bytes, checksum: 8fa12ae73b7d845d0a285c83896a9bb8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-18T14:02:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CLAUDIO DONATO.docx.pdf: 2440181 bytes, checksum: 8fa12ae73b7d845d0a285c83896a9bb8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-12-11 The inadequate disposal of waste generated during the mechanical processing of wood has been causing a series of environmental problems. Awareness regarding storage, storage and disposal is necessary in order to avoid disposal in nature causing soil contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to develop techniques to take advantage of them in order to reduce the pressure on native forests. One of the techniques is briquetting, which consists of compacting wood waste by a mechanical press producing the briquette. One of the legacies of this research is to contribute to the scarce studies on the subject, the lack of knowledge and awareness of this technique by society as a system for the reuse of wood debris and its importance to the environment. Wood residues are classified as class I solid from industry and civil construction. The objective of the research is to discuss the impact impact on the environment by the advanced disposal of wood waste (sawdust and wood shavings, tree pruning and pruning), and to evaluate the environmental and commercial viability of reusing these residues in the manufacture of briquettes in the city Presidente Prudente located west of the state of São Paulo. The methodology was divided into bibliographic research using all theoretical framework to understand what the studies carried out debate about the subject and field research with the cataloging of the companies that generate the residues and the quantification of the residues transmitted for verification if it is viable to use his in the manufacture of briquettes and, finally, the discussion and analysis of the collected data. The results of the research point to the use of the studied residues as a source of renewable energy, briquettes, contributing to the generation of jobs, reduction of the visual source both in the logging yards and in the places of inappropriate discharges scattered throughout the city O descarte inadequado de resíduos gerados durante o processamento mecânico de madeiras vem provocando uma série de problemas ambientais. A conscientização quanto à armazenagem, estocagem e o descarte se faz necessária a fim de evitar o descarte na natureza provocando a contaminação do solo. Portanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas para o aproveitamento dos mesmos a fim de reduzir as pressões sobre as florestas nativas. Uma das técnicas é a briquetagem, que consiste na compactação dos resíduos da madeira por uma prensa mecânica produzindo o briquete, mais conhecido como lenha ecológica. Um dos legados desta pesquisa é contribuir com os estudos escassos sobre o assunto, a falta de conhecimento e conscientização desta técnica pela sociedade como sistema de reaproveitamento de detritos da madeira e a sua importância perante o meio ambiente. Os resíduos provenientes da madeira são classificados como sólido de classe I oriundos da indústria e construção civil. O objetivo da pesquisa é discutir o impacto causado no meio ambiente pelo descarte inadequado do resíduo de madeira (pó de serra e maravalha, pontas e podas de árvores), e avaliar a viabilidade ambiental e comercial da reutilização desses resíduos na fabricação de briquetes na cidade de Presidente Prudente, localizada a oeste do Estado de São Paulo. A metodologia dividiu-se em pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando de todo arcabouço teórico para entender o que os estudos realizados debatem a cerca do assunto e a pesquisa de campo com a catalogação das empresas que geram os resíduos com a quantificação dos resíduos gerados para averiguação se é viável sua utilização na fabricação de briquetes e, por fim, a discussão e análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a utilização dos resíduos estudados como fonte de energia renovável, briquetes, contribuindo com o meio ambiente, geração de empregos, diminuição da poluição visual tanto nos pátios das madeireiras como nos locais de descartes inapropriados espalhados pela cidade.

Submitted by Viviany Viriato de Freitas (viviany.viriato@unesp.br) on 2020-11-04T16:32:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VIVIANY VIRIATO DE FREITAS.pdf: 3618585 bytes, checksum: 87be4d47bba49e0d7bd07a0535d8bba7 (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Formatar o trabalho de acordo com o Manual disponível em: https://www.fca.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/normas-tecnicas/manual-para-apresentacao-de-trabalhos-academicos-da-faculdade-de-ciencias-agronomicas-dissertacao-e/ Dúvidas: maisa.franca@unesp.br Assim que tiver efetuado as correções submeta o arquivo, em formato PDF, novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-11-04T21:51:43Z (GMT) Submitted by Viviany Viriato de Freitas (viviany.viriato@unesp.br) on 2020-11-06T01:30:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Viviany Viriato.pdf: 3571529 bytes, checksum: 89654adbf976e5f99781ac618835d608 (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Arquivo com várias páginas em branco no início e outros detalhes que precisam ser acertados. Passar novamente pela revisão da formatação. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-11-06T14:15:41Z (GMT) Submitted by Viviany Viriato de Freitas (viviany.viriato@unesp.br) on 2020-11-08T02:11:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.Viviany_Viriato.pdf: 3573895 bytes, checksum: 57f0318c29144527092b405010cfae04 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-11-09T01:22:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_vv_me_botfca.pdf: 3573895 bytes, checksum: 57f0318c29144527092b405010cfae04 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-09T01:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_vv_me_botfca.pdf: 3573895 bytes, checksum: 57f0318c29144527092b405010cfae04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-09-02 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O cogumelo comestível Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. é produzido em cultivo axênico comumente a partir de serragem de eucalipto. Entretanto, a serragem possui demais finalidades podendo se tornar escassa ou de difícil acesso aos produtores de cogumelos, quando não disponível em abundância na região de cultivo. Visando o aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos disponíveis na cidade de Botucatu/SP e fontes alternativas para a produção do cogumelo, foram utilizadas diferentes formulações com casca de eucalipto, serragem de peroba do Norte e composto exaurido de P. ostreatus. Foram formulados treze tratamentos à base de serragem de eucalipto e das diferentes concentrações dos resíduos orgânicos, sendo 100%, 75%, 50% e 25% de cada resíduo, combinados ou não de forma complementar com a serragem de eucalipto, tendo como grupo controle 100% de serragem de eucalipto. Os tratamentos obtiveram dez repetições e foram utilizados para produção do meio de cultura (Experimento 1) e para a produção de cogumelos (Experimento 2). No experimento 1 constatou-se que o diâmetro micelial dos tratamentos à base de 100% de casca de eucalipto, 75% de composto exaurido + 25% de serragem de eucalipto e 25% de composto exaurido + 75% de serragem de eucalipto, obtiverem maior diâmetro micelial com 81,06, 78,99 e 78,84 mm, respectivamente, em relação ao grupo controle, 72,99 mm. Já no experimento 2 foi constatado que todos os tratamentos possuem eficiência biológica equivalente ao grupo controle (51,75%), com exceção do tratamento com 100% de composto exaurido (18,09%), o qual obteve menor produtividade. Entretanto, os resíduos orgânicos avaliados, casca de eucalipto, serragem de peroba do Norte e composto exaurido de P. ostreatus, podem ser aproveitados no cultivo de P. ostreatus em substituição ao substrato convencional (à base de 100% de serragem de eucalipto), com exceção do composto exaurido na sua forma integral (100%), possibilitando um destino ecológico para estes descartes e produzindo alimento altamente nutritivo. O perfil enzimático do fungo também foi caracterizado em relação a produção de Lacase, Manganês Peroxidase e Versátil Peroxidase nos mesmos treze tratamentos. Para isto, foram separadas amostras de cada um dos tratamentos, as quais são chamadas de extratos brutos. Estes, foram assepticamente unidos ao meio de cultura LN-AS (low-nitrogen asparagine-succinate), conhecido como meio mínimo. A mesma linhagem do P. ostreatus (linhagem SB) foi inoculada nos frascos, os quais foram incubados a 28°C em estufa microbiológica. Foram aliquotadas amostras a cada três dias, sendo estes, 3, 6, 10, 13, 17 e 20 dias de incubação, totalizando seis amostras para cada substrato. A partir de então, foi calculada a concentração de proteínas através do coeficiente de extinção molar, o qual foi determinado por uma curva padrão confeccionada com uma solução de albumina de soro bovino, diluída em concentrações entre 500 e 2500 ug/mL, respeitando a lei de Lambert-Beer. Assim, pode-se calcular a atividade específica das enzimas, correlacionando-se a concentração de proteínas com a atividade enzimática. Somente a enzima Lacase obteve produtividade, com maior produção no décimo sétimo dia de incubação para todos os tratamentos. As outras duas enzimas não obtiveram produção. The edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. is produced in axenic cultivation generally from eucalyptus sawdust. However, the sawdust has other purposes and may become scarce or difficult access for mushroom producers when it is not abundantly available in the cultivation area. Aiming at the use of available organic residues in the region of Botucatu/SP and alternative sources to the mushroom production, different formulations with eucalyptus bark, northern peroba sawdust and spent mushroom substrate were used, being these residues highly available in the region. Thirteen treatments were formulated from eucalyptus sawdust with different proportions of organic residues, being 100%, 75% 50% and 25% of each organic residue, combined or not with the eucalyptus sawdust, and the control group with 100% of eucalyptus sawdust. The treatments were used to produce the culture medium (Experiment 1) and to produce mushrooms (Experiment 2) containing ten replicates each. In experiment 1 was found that the mycelial diameter of the treatments based on 100% eucalyptus bark, 75% spent mushroom substrate + 25% eucalyptus sawdust and 25% spent compost + 75% eucalyptus sawdust, obtained larger mycelial diameter with 81,06, 78,99 e 78,84 mm, respectively, in relation to the control group, 72,99mm. In experiment 2 was found that all treatments have biological efficiency equivalent to the control group (51,75%), except for the treatment with 100% spent mushroom substrate (18,09%), which obtained the least productivity. However, the evaluated organic residues, eucalyptus bark, northern peroba sawdust and spent mushroom compost can be used in the P. ostreatus cultivation replacing the conventional substrate (100% of eucalyptus sawdust), except the spent mushroom substrate in its entirety (100%), enabling an ecological destination to these residues and producing a highly nutritional food. The enzymatic profile of the fungus was also characterized in relation to the production of Lacase, Manganese Peroxidase and Versatile Peroxidase in the same thirteen treatments. For this, samples from each of the treatments were separated, which are called crude extracts. These were aseptically joined to the LN-AS (low-nitrogen asparagine-succinate) culture medium, known as the minimal medium. The same strain of P. ostreatus (strain SB) was inoculated in the flasks, which were incubated at 28°C in a microbiological incubator. Samples were aliquoted every three days, these being 3, 6, 10, 13, 17 and 20 days of incubation, totaling six samples for each substrate. From then on, the protein concentration was calculated using the molar extinction coefficient, which was determined by a standard curve made with a solution of bovine serum albumin, diluted in concentrations between and 2500 ug/mL, respecting the law Lambert-Beer. Thus, one can calculate the specific activity of the enzymes, correlating the protein concentration with the enzymatic activity. Only the enzyme Lacase obtained productivity, with higher production on the seventeenth day of incubation for all treatments. The other two enzymes were unsuccessful.

Flour production is a way to use parts of fruits and vegetables that are discarded and an alternative in the production of gluten-free products, together with rice flour. The objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of rice flour (RF), pineapple peel flour (PPF), banana peel flour (BPF) and pumpkin seed flour (PSF). RF was acquired in market. The banana and pineapple peels were dried in a tray dehydrator and the pumpkin seeds roasted on an industrial stove, then ground and analyzed. The BPF showed a lower L* value, that is, darker, in addition to a lower hue angle and a higher a* value, the opposite result was observed in RF. BPF had a higher moisture content (9.91%), followed by RF (7.95%), PPF (5.67%) and PSF (4.11%). The PSF had a high content of lipids (35.41%). PPF and BPF had the highest soluble fibers contents (5.25% and 6.20%, respectively) and PPF the highest insoluble fiber content (45.06%). No trypsin inhibiting activity was detected in the flours. PPF and BPF had the highest total phenolics contents, thus greater antioxidant activity. The PSF presented among the set of its phenolics, compounds with greater antioxidant power, due to the higher PAOXI index. It is concluded that the PPF, BPF and PSF presented high fiber content, total phenolics and antioxidant activity, being an option for food enrichment. La producción de harinas es una forma de aprovechar partes de frutas y hortalizas que son desechadas y una alternativa en la elaboración de productos alimenticios libres de gluten, juntamente con la harina de arroz. El objetivo fue evaluar las características físicas y químicas de las harinas: de arroz (HA), de cáscara de piña (HCP), de cáscara de banano (HCB) y de semilla de calabaza (HSC). La HA fue adquirida en el comercio. Las cáscaras de banano y piña se secaron en una deshidratadora de bandejas y las semillas tostadas en cocina industrial, enseguida fueron molidas y analizadas. La HCB presentó menor valor L*, o sea, más oscura, además de menor ángulo hue y mayor valor a*, resultado contrario fue observado en la HA. La HCB presentó mayor contenido de humedad (9,91%), seguida de la HA (7,95%), HCP (5,67%) y HSC (4,11%). La HSC presentó alto contenido de lípidos (35,41%). Las HCP y HCB tuvieron los mayores contenidos de fibras solubles (5,25% y 6,20%, respectivamente) y la HCP el mayor contenido de fibra insoluble (45,06%). No se detectó actividad de inhibición de la tripsina en las harinas. Las HCP y HCB tuvieron los mayores contenidos de fenólicos totales, por consiguiente mayor actividad antioxidante. La HSC presentó entre el conjunto de sus fenólicos, compuestos con mayor poder antioxidante, en virtud del mayor índice PAOXI. Se concluye que las HCP, HCB y HSC presentaron alto contenido de fibras, fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante y son una opción para el enriquecimiento de alimentos. A produção de farinhas é uma forma de aproveitar partes de frutas e hortaliças que são descartadas e uma alternativa na elaboração de produtos alimentícios livres de glúten, juntamente com a farinha de arroz. Objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas e químicas da farinha de arroz (FA), farinha de casca de abacaxi (FCA), farinha de casca de banana (FCB) e farinha de semente de abóbora (FSA). A FA foi adquirida no comércio. As cascas de banana e abacaxi foram secas em desidratadora de bandejas e as sementes de abóbora torradas em fogão industrial, em seguida moídas e analisadas. A FCB apresentou menor valor L*, ou seja, mais escura, além de menor ângulo hue e maior valor a*, resultado contrário foi observado na FA. A FCB apresentou maior teor de umidade (9,91%), seguida da FA (7,95%), FCA (5,67%) e FSA (4,11%). A FSA apresentou alto teor de lipídeos (35,41%). As FCA e FCB tiveram os maiores teores de fibras solúveis (5,25% e 6,20%, respectivamente) e a FCA o maior teor de fibra insolúvel (45,06%). Não foi detectada atividade de inibição de tripsina nas farinhas. As FCA e FCB tiveram os maiores teores de fenólicos totais, logo maior atividade antioxidante. A FSA apresentou entre o conjunto de seus fenólicos, compostos com maior poder antioxidante, devido ao maior índice PAOXI. Conclui-se que as FCA, FCB e FSA apresentaram alto teor de fibras, fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, sendo uma opção para o enriquecimento de alimentos.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os carvões da casca, maravalha e serragem de Eucalyptus pellita, assim como os briquetes produzidos desses materiais, carbonizados em duas temperaturas. Para isso, a casca, maravalha e serragem oriundas do processamento mecânico foram carbonizados sob temperaturas de 400 ºC e 600 ºC. As propriedades físico-químicas dos carvões produzidos foram comparadas com as do lenho carbonizado nas mesmas temperaturas. Em seguida os resíduos carbonizados foram briquetados e analisados através da umidade de equilíbrio, massa específica aparente, taxa de degradação natural e forçada. A carbonização da casca da madeira de Eucalyptus pellita proporcionou aumentos significativos nos rendimentos gravimétricos em carvão. Houve uma relação positiva entre a temperatura de carbonização e a umidade de equilíbrio dos briquetes produzidos com os resíduos carbonizados. Os briquetes produzidos com o carvão da casca carbonizada a 400 ºC apresentaram elevado ritmo de degradação térmica. ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the charcoals of bark, shavings and sawdust of Eucalyptus pellita, and the briquettes produced from these materials, carbonized at two temperatures. The bark, shavings and sawdust generated by mechanical processing were charred at temperatures of 400 °C and 600 °C. The physicochemical properties of the charcoals produced were compared with those of the carbonized wood at the same temperatures. Then the charred residues were briquetted and analyzed through equilibrium moisture, apparent specific mass, natural and forced degradation rate. Carbonization of the bark of Eucalyptus pellita wood increased the gravimetric yields in charcoal. There was a positive relationship between the carbonization temperature and the equilibrium moisture of the briquettes produced with the carbonized residues. The briquettes produced with charcoal from the carbonized bark at 400 ºC presented a high rate of thermal degradation.

La investigación busca Diseñar e Implementar estrategias para el aprovechamiento de las bolsas vacías de líquidos intravenosos generadas por la ESE Hospital santa Matilde de Madrid, se propone hacer un análisis de los datos históricos de la recolección de residuos generados por la ESE, detallando el material en mención, en busca de identificar y tomar acciones desagregadas en un ciclo PHVA y originar un impacto positivo en el cumplimiento de compromiso con los resultados de la gestión financiera institucional, ambiental y el actuar con responsabilidad social. The research seeks to design and implement strategies for the use of the empty bags of intravenous fluids generated by the ESE Santa Matilde Hospital in Madrid, it is proposed to make an analysis of the historical data of the collection of waste generated by the ESE, detailing the material in mention, seeking to identify and take disaggregated actions in a PHVA cycle and originate a positive impact in the fulfillment of commitment with the results of the institutional, environmental financial management and acting with social responsibility. Magister en Administración de Empresas de Salud - MBA en Salud

En los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos -RSU-, se encuentra los residuos producto del corte de céspedes del espacio público de la ciudad. El pasto cortado, trasportado y con disposición final en un relleno sanitario se constituye en uno de los ítems de mayor importancia para el análisis del impacto ambiental que este residuo genera al ambiente de Bogotá, especialmente por ser esta la ciudad más grande del país y la que genera una mayor contaminación al medio ambiente en Colombia. Con la consecuente disminución de la vida útil del RSDJ. Paralelo a esto, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2018) estima que 9 de cada 10 personas en el mundo respira aire contaminado y que al año aproximadamente siete millones de personas mueren por partículas contaminantes que se encuentran en el aire, de las cuales 4,2 millones de muertes en 2016 se le atribuye a contaminación en el aire ambiente y 3,8 millones de muertes por el aire contaminado producto de aire domestico originado por la cocción de alimentos con tecnologías y combustibles contaminantes. Una alternativa para disminuir el volumen de disposición de residuos en RSDJ y mejorar la calidad del aire en la ciudad de Bogotá, es estudiar la viabilidad ambiental del aprovechamiento integral del pasto Pennisetum Clandestinum y com Universidad Libre de Colombia - Facultad de ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería con énfasis en Energías Alternativas

The Lower Silesia area in SW Poland is characterized by a geological structure that is conducive to mining activity. The exploitation of rock raw materials plays an important role in this sector of the economy. By the end of 2017, there were in total approximately 400 current concessions for the exploitation of rock raw materials in the analysed area (Polish Geological Institute, MIDAS database&mdash, Management and Protection System of Polish Mineral Resources). The conducted mining activity results in waste, which in the greatest amount occurs in the process of obtaining crushed road and construction aggregates, natural aggregates, carbonate raw materials for the cement and lime industry, as well as stone elements for construction and road engineering. At the end of 2016, the mining plants accumulated 26,569,600 Mg of waste. As part of the European Regions Toward Circular Economy (CircE) project, research was conducted on the volume and composition of the mining waste of rock raw materials in the years 2010&ndash, 2016 within Lower Silesia. This research used the methods of statistical, descriptive and spatial analysis to identify mining plants with the highest potential for using their wastes. In the course of this study, 6 mining plants with the highest potential of using their waste for industrial production purposes were selected. In order to objectively select these plants, the methodology of qualitative multi-criteria analysis was developed, and 7 criteria were selected for assessing the economic potential of using waste from the mining of rock raw materials. An additional result of this research is a database and graphical presentation of changes in the spatial distribution of generated waste in the Lower Silesia region in the years ranging from 2010 to 2016.

Представлены результаты многолетних исследований нарушенных техникой земель на месторождениях (рудных и россыпных) золота, алмазов и опытных решений их оздоровления или восстановления. В поиске методов и способов биологической рекультивации особое внимание было уделено к вопросу, как ускорить самозарастание нарушенных земель и методам без отсыпки плодородного слоя, т.е. использование нетрадиционных материалов взамен плодородных пород. Установлено, что проведению биологической рекультивации на нарушенных землях должно предшествовать изучение рекультивационного потенциала участка, т.е. состояние техногенной поверхности, грунтов и степени зарастания растительности для определения методов, видов для посева и посадки (по возможности) и доз внесения удобрений. В районах Южной Якутии (Алдан) ускорение зарастания растительности можно добиться путем внесения минеральных удобрений в ранних стадиях сукцессии, особенно на россыпях, а на севере, где условия суровее и нет плодородных пород для отсыпки поверхности, предлагается использовать не традиционные материалы (старику сено, канализационные отходы, биоматы и т.д.) без отсыпки плодородных пород на техногенную поверхность с внесением минеральных удобрений с увеличением доз до 200 кг/га., The results of long-term studies of lands disturbed by equipment at the deposits (ore and placer) of gold, diamonds and experimental solutions to their recovery or restoration are presented. In search for methods and methods of biological remediation, special attention was paid to the question of how to accelerate the self-overgrowing of disturbed lands and methods without dumping the fertile layer, i.e. the use of non-traditional materials instead of fertile rocks. It has been established that biological reclamation on the disturbed lands should be preceded by the study of the site’s recultivation potential, i.e. the state of the technogenic surface, soils and the degree of vegetation overgrowing to determine the methods, types for planting and planting ( if possible) and the doses of a fertilizer. In the areas of Southern Yakutia (Aldan), the acceleration of vegetation overgrowth can be achieved by applying mineral fertilizers in the early stages of succession, especially in placers, and in the north, where the conditions are more severe and there are no fertile rocks for dumping the surface, it is proposed to use non-traditional materials (sewage waste, biomats, etc.) without dumping of fertile rocks on the technogenic surface with the introduction of mineral fertilizers with increasing doses up to 200 kg/ha.

Debido al deterioro de los arrecifes de coral en todo el mundo ha aumentado la necesidad de rehabilitar los entornos marinos. Los arrecifes artificiales se han propuesto como una herramienta para la conservación de estos ecosistemas. Durante once meses se sumergieron dos placas en forma trapezoidal, en Bajo Grande (Isla Palma), Caribe Colombiano. Esto se realizó como parte de una iniciativa para desarrollar módulos formadores de arrecifes artificiales. Se fabricó un mortero ecológico donde se reemplaza el uso de agregados naturales por residuos cerámicos. Las placas expuestas al medio marino fueron colonizadas por organismos en un 30% de su superficie aproximadamente, la estructura interna de las muestras se mantuvo estable y no se apreciaron efectos adversos sobre la biota marina cercana al lugar de prueba. Después de hacer evaluaciones biológicas y fisicoquímicas del material expuesto se concluyó que éste constituye un sustrato favorable para el desarrollo de los arrecifes artificiales. Due to several deterioration of coral reefs around the world, h as increased the need to rehabilitate marine environments. Arti ficial reefs have been proposed as a tool for conservation of these ecosystems. A s part of an initiative to develop modules forming artificial r eefs made of ecological concrete for the conservation of the biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean; this work constitutes a starting poin t. During eleven months two trapezoidal plates were submerged near to Isla Palma , Colombian Caribbean; plates were fabricated in concrete with portland cement and the aggregates were replaced by ceramic waste. After biolog ical and physicochemical evaluations of the material exposed to marine environment was concluded that this is a favorable substrate fo r the coral reefs, and the plates were colonized by more than 3 0% of its surface by marine organisms, their structure found internally stable, a nd there were no adverse effect s on marine biota near the test site.

The paper analyzes the biomass resulting from the processing of olive oil, in order to evaluate, in terms of economic sustainability, its importance in energy processes and the use of alternative paths other than the normal disposal process of the residues of the oil industry productive chain. Attention has been focused on the manufacturer of “Valdemone DOP” extra virgin olive oil, located in Sicily (Italy), in order to evaluate the possible energy recovery, directly by the farmer, of by-products of the production chain of olive oil, in order to make the whole process more efficient, using the scraps from the mill directly on site. The economic analysis aims at identifying measures for energy recovery from by-products; in order to reduce the incidence of the cost of waste disposal on the cost of the production of the oil; to energy conservation through the use of by-products as renewable fuel.

En la actualidad, la problemática de la protección del ambiente y el manejo de residuos sólidos ocupan un lugar privilegiado dentro de la gestión ambiental, el cambio de cultura ambiental y el mejorar cada día el desempeño es una labor que compete a todos. La gestión de residuos busca generar beneficios en el ambiente, por medio de la reutilización, el reciclaje y otras técnicas que optimicen el aprovechamiento de los residuos. Este estudio se realiza con el fin de determinar la gestión de los residuos en las universidades y corporaciones de educación superior de la ciudad de Sincelejo, diagnosticando el estado actual del manejo seguro y adecuado dentro de las universidades, permitiendo en primera instancia, identificar los factores que influyen en el manejo de estos. Sentar un precedente sobre el estudio en la gestión de los residuos sólidos en la ciudad de Sincelejo para que sirva de apoyo y referencia a futuras investigaciones y a partir de esta promover una cultura encaminada a la protección del ambiente y la generación de diferentes fuentes de empleo. At present, the issue of environmental protection and solid waste management occupy a privileged place in environmental management, environmental culture change and improve performance every day is a task that concerns everyone. Waste management aims to generate benefits in the environment, through reuse, recycling and other techniques to optimize the use of waste. This study was performed in order to determine the waste management at universities and corporations of higher education in the city of Sincelejo, diagnosing the current state of safe and appropriate management within universities, allowing firstly, to identify the factors influencing the management of these. A precedent on the study in the management of solid waste in the city of Sincelejo to serve as a support and reference for future research and from this to promote a culture aimed at protecting the environment and the generation of different sources of employment. Universidad de Sucre - Sincelejo