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In this paper, the authors will talk about the development of technological platforms and tools that will support the creation and implementation of techno-pedagogical paradigms to tech the XXI Century generations. By proving how the innovative model of the open and distance learning universities (UNAD, for its Spanish acronym) is not run out and can be renewed, taking as an example the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzing the carriers that provide change to a new education, where the need of innovation in higher education in open and distance modalities is an urgent matter. Undoubtedly, learning is one of the human capacities that has most influenced their development and evolution. Thus, the e-education concept is presented as an effort to develop talents and human capacities using the Internet and new information and communication technologies (ICT). This will allow introducing a generalized remote mode, which will create a different culture adjusting the school curriculum to an online strategy, and not a rigid one, that involves technological improvements, so general and specialized knowledge are combined to the needs of scientific, technological, and social development. Teachers work with students differently and provide help through more knowledge and experience. Recent studies are showing that there are more open and online options for teacher professional development and teachers access the Internet to expand their development opportunities through social media platforms. In this sense, the non-attendance process of education has improved its relevance globally. Although, the COVID-19 pandemic caused an accelerator effect on the digital transformation of the educational institutions. En Visiones en educación sin barreras ni fronteras participaron para su elaboración más de 35 importantes y reconocidos académicos como autores provenientes de toda Iberoamérica, solo por mencionar algunas personalidades que se unieron a este libro homenaje nombraré algunos maestros como Claudio Rama, Julio Cabero, Marta Mena, Santiago Acosta, Francisco Cervantes, Magdalena Cruz, Josep Duart y Antonio Moreira y otros excelsos intelectuales iberoamericanos. Cada análisis que ellos referencian se basa en los diversos tópicos y siempre rigurosos estudios que sobre este apasionante mundo de la innovación educativa ha realizado el Dr. García Aretio y que aparecen reseñados en sus diversos libros y en particular en la insigne revista RIED que hoy él y su equipo han posicionado en lo más alto de los más reconocidos rankings de la élite académica e investigativa mundial. No texto os autores nos falarão do desenvolvimento de plataformas e ferramentas tecnológicas que apoiarão a criação e implantação de paradigmas tecnopedagógicos para educar as gerações do Século XXI, demonstrando como o modelo inovador das universidades abertas e à distância (UNAD) não está esgotado e pode ser renovado, mostrando como exemplo o que aconteceu durante a pandemia de covid-19, analisado os vetores que estão propiciando a mudança para uma nova educação, onde a necessidade de inovação no ensino superior em modalidades abertas e à distância numa questão urgente. A aprendizagem é sem dúvida uma das capacidades humanas que mais influiu no seu desenvolvimento e evolução; por isso, apresentam-nos, a concepção da cibereducação, como um esforço orientado para o desenvolvimento dos talentos e capacidades humanas, com a utilização da Internet e das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC). Isto permitiria implantar uma modalidade à distância generalizada, o que criaria uma cultura diferente, adequando o currículo escolar a uma estratégia digital, e nada rígida, que integre os avanços tecnológicos de uma forma que combina conhecimentos gerais e especializados com as necessidades do desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e social. Os docentes trabalham com os estudantes de forma diferente e prestam-lhes ajuda com mais conhecimentos e experiência. Os estudos mais recentes mostram que há cada vez mais opções abertas, e on-line, para o desenvolvimento profissional docente, os professores acessam a Internet para ampliar suas oportunidades de desenvolvimento através de plataformas sociais. Neste sentido, as modalidades de ensino não presenciais têm-se tornado cada vez mais importantes a nível mundial. No entanto, foi na sequência da pandemia causada pela covid-19 que se produziu um efeito acelerador na transformação digital das instituições de ensino.

Els recursos d'aprenentatge són continguts i eines per a ús exclusiu de la comunitat UOC. Són recursos digitals, multimèdia i multiformat creats per la UOC, subscrits i/o adquirits per la UOC o bé que requereixen d'una gestió de drets d'ús associats (p.e. CEDRO), i serveixen per desenvolupar les activitats d'aprenentatge de l'assignatura. Los recursos de aprendizaje son contenidos y herramientas para uso exclusivo de la comunidad UOC. Son recursos digitales, multimedia y multiformato creados por la UOC, suscritos o adquiridos por la UOC o bien que requieren una gestión de derechos de uso asociados (p. ej. CEDRO), y sirven para desarrollar las actividades de aprendizaje de la asignatura. Learning resources are contents and tools for use solely by the UOC community. They are digital, multimedia and multi-format resources, created, subscribed to or purchased by the UOC or that require management of associated rights (e.g. CEDRO or VEGAP). They are used to carry out course learning activities.

Learning resources are contents and tools for use solely by the UOC community. They are digital, multimedia and multi-format resources, created, subscribed to or purchased by the UOC or that require management of associated rights (e.g. CEDRO or VEGAP). They are used to carry out course learning activities. Els recursos d'aprenentatge són continguts i eines per a ús exclusiu de la comunitat UOC. Són recursos digitals, multimèdia i multiformat creats per la UOC, subscrits i/o adquirits per la UOC o bé que requereixen d'una gestió de drets d'ús associats (p.e. CEDRO), i serveixen per desenvolupar les activitats d'aprenentatge de l'assignatura. Los recursos de aprendizaje son contenidos y herramientas para uso exclusivo de la comunidad UOC. Son recursos digitales, multimedia y multiformato creados por la UOC, suscritos o adquiridos por la UOC o bien que requieren una gestión de derechos de uso asociados (p. ej. CEDRO), y sirven para desarrollar las actividades de aprendizaje de la asignatura.

Els recursos d'aprenentatge són continguts i eines per a ús exclusiu de la comunitat UOC. Són recursos digitals, multimèdia i multiformat creats per la UOC, subscrits i/o adquirits per la UOC o bé que requereixen d'una gestió de drets d'ús associats (p.e. CEDRO), i serveixen per desenvolupar les activitats d'aprenentatge de l'assignatura. Los recursos de aprendizaje son contenidos y herramientas para uso exclusivo de la comunidad UOC. Son recursos digitales, multimedia y multiformato creados por la UOC, suscritos o adquiridos por la UOC o bien que requieren una gestión de derechos de uso asociados (p. ej. CEDRO), y sirven para desarrollar las actividades de aprendizaje de la asignatura. Learning resources are contents and tools for use solely by the UOC community. They are digital, multimedia and multi-format resources, created, subscribed to or purchased by the UOC or that require management of associated rights (e.g. CEDRO or VEGAP). They are used to carry out course learning activities.

Dolor abdominal; DAREmpordà; Atenció primària Dolor abdominal; DAREmpordà; Atención primaria Abdominal pain; DAREmpordà; Primary health care Introducció: El dolor abdominal recurrent (DAR) és un motiu de consulta molt freqüent a l'atenció primària (AP): un 90-95% dels casos són de causa és funcional (Reust et al., 2018) i s'estima que un 30-40% dels pacients podrien millorar només amb la intervenció psicoeducativa i el seguiment del pediatre (Schlarb et al., 2011). Objectius: Determinar si el programa DARE millora la capacitat del pediatre d'AP en el diagnòstic i maneig del DAR, reduint les derivacions a la consulta de gastroenterologia infantil. Metodologia: S'ofereix als pediatres d'AP de l´àrea de referència d'un hospital comarcal un protocol d'avaluació i maneig del DAR i una eina psicoeducativa per als pacients i les seves famílies (programa DARE). S'analitzen de forma retrospectiva les derivacions de pacients de 4 a 15 anys amb DAR a la consulta de gastroenterologia infantil de l'hospital en 2 períodes d'un any de durada, abans i després de la introducció de DARE,i quants acaben diagnosticats de DAR funcional (DAF) Resultats: En el primer període es van derivar 42 pacients amb DAR (31,6% del total). En el segon període es van derivar 21 pacients amb DAR (20% del total) (p0,05) Conclusions: El programa DARE ha reduït significativament les derivacions per DAR des d'AP a les consultes de Gastroenterologia Infantil. En ambdós períodes, més de la meitat dels pacients derivats per DAR són orientats com a DAF.

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Digital health; eHealth; Telemedicine; Public health Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Salud digital; eSalud; Telemedicina; Salud pública Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Salut digital; eSalut; Telemedicina; Salut pública Digital health technologies offer significant opportunities to reshape current health care systems. From the adoption of electronic medical records to mobile health apps and other disruptive technologies, digital health solutions have promised a better quality of care at a more sustainable cost. However, the widescale adoption of these solutions is lagging behind. The most adverse scenarios often provide an opportunity to develop and test the capacity of digital health technologies to increase the efficiency of health care systems. Catalonia (Northeast Spain) is one of the most advanced regions in terms of digital health adoption across Europe. The region has a long tradition of health information exchange in the public health care sector and is currently implementin an ambitious digital health strategy. In this viewpoint, we discuss the crucial role digital health solutions play during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to support public health policies. We also report on the strategies currently deployed at scale during the outbreak in Catalonia

We examine the claim that virtual reality (VR) holds significant potential for pedagogical applications in geography. We do so with reference to results from a two-year research-teaching project embedded in a postgraduate course on “Heritage and Its Management.” We reflect on the implementation of a VR field trip to the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum enabled by the high-immersive Inside Auschwitz guided documentary, drawing on surveys and interviews held with students after their participation in the field trip. We found that VR technology may work as a (dis)inhibitor and provided users with a sense of social and temporal freedom to explore sites but in combination with a new set of spatial and perceptual constraints. The VR field trip generated curiosity about the “details” of the site, but we argue that learning with and through VR technology only became possible via active bodily adaptations and renewed understandings of bodily capacities and their inequalities. We conclude that VR works most effectively if conceived not as a journey into a self-contained virtual realm but instead as a spatial prompt designed to provoke new questions for students already on the path to developing geographical understandings and imaginations related to specific sites.

Social media can be a support during the initial training of communication professionals, although most studies on social media and learning have mainly focused on other professional groups. The purpose of this article is to explore how communication students learn and their use of social media platforms, in order to identify the role of social media in supporting communication students’ learning. Data was collected using a questionnaire sent to communication students of the UOC and analyzed using a clustering technique, to identify student profiles based on how they organize their learning and their use of social media platforms. Our results suggest that there are 5 main student profiles: (i) students that learn through many contexts with strong support of Wikipedia, Blogs and YouTube; (ii) students with preference for academically guided learning resources; (iii) students with preference for informal and digital learning contexts, supported by social networks; (iv) students with preference for physical and formal contexts with a slight support of interactive social media platforms and (v) students detached academically with low use of learning resources and occasional use of social media platforms. Findings show that in the formative stage, there is a different degree of utility of social media among communication students, with a division between platforms that we could designate as more static and sources of information (Wikipedia, blogs or YouTube) and more interactive and dynamic (Twitter, Facebook or LinkedIn). The findings of this article can help to inform and make communication studies more flexible, collaborative and personalized oriented. In follow up studies, it would be interesting to delve further into how COVID-19 has affected the role of social media platforms.

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya The Barcelona Historical Marriage Database (BHMD) gathers records of the more than 600,000 marriages celebrated in the Diocese of Barcelona and their taxation registered in Barcelona Cathedral's so-called Marriage Licenses Books for the long period 1451-1905 and the BALL Demographic Database brings together the individual information recorded in the population registers, censuses and fiscal censuses of the main municipalities of the county of Baix Llobregat (Barcelona). In this ongoing collection 263,786 individual observations have been assembled, dating from the period between 1828 and 1965 by December 2020. The two databases started as part of different interdisciplinary research projects at the crossroads of Historical Demography and Computer Vision. Their construction uses artificial intelligence and computer vision methods as Handwriting Recognition to reduce the time of execution. However, its current state still requires some human intervention which explains the implemented crowdsourcing and game sourcing experiences. Moreover, knowledge graph techniques have allowed the application of advanced record linkage to link the same individuals and families across time and space. Moreover, we will discuss the main research lines using both databases developed so far in historical demography.

The adoption of new innovative ecosystems linked to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in industrial firms has created new opportunities for performance. In this study, we investigate whether I4.0 can reinforce environmental asset management in achieving firm economic and social performance. We intend to contrast the existence of I4.0-based reward mechanisms for being green. Using a panel of 1028 Spanish industrial firms in 2009–2016 period and a partial least squares structural equation modelling econometric methodology, the research has obtained two main results. First, the management of environmental assets generates positive effects on the economic and social performance of the industrial firm. Second, research findings confirm the mediating role of I4.0, which ends up reinforcing the relationship between environmental assets and the economic and social firm performance. The results obtained highlight the importance of complementary relationships between digital and environmental transformation to promote firm performance. Implications for firm strategy and business models are also discussed.

Free, open-source participatory platforms like Decidim or Consul were designed by the 15M’ citizen activists in Spain. Initially implemented in Barcelona and Madrid, these platforms are spread in many countries. Castells has not examined the institutionalization of the 15M’s offspring, and thus we aim to contribute by studying the rollout of the Decidim platform in Catalan municipalities. We examine its disruptive potential along three democratic dimensions: transparency, participation and deliberation. Our study combines in-depth interviews and an online questionnaire administered to public officials in charge of the platform and analyses the levels of participation on the platform. The research shows elements of managerial continuity: the most valued goals are transparency, organisation of information and the collection of citizen proposals, rather than deliberation and transfer of sovereignty towards citizens. However, the platform forces administrations to consider individual citizens’ inputs, increases citizens’ proposals and initiatives, and brings in new participant publics. Furthermore, democratic innovation is being pushed ahead by a networkof activists and technological experts that continuously improve the platform and function as a counter-power (Castells, 2015, 2016).

Ejercicio físico y terapia nutricional en el tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.Revisión Sistemática. Introducción. Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) son una enfermedad mental grave, causante de morbilidad física y psicosocial. Esta enfermedad tiene una mayor prevalencia entre mujeres jóvenes, y en población deportista. La terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) es el tratamiento actual más adecuado para este tipo de trastornos, no obstante, cada vez son más los programas que incluyen pautas de ejercicio físico (EF) y Terapia Nutricional (TN) para el tratamiento de los TCA. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura que permita conocer el estado actual de los programas de intervención a través del EF y la TN para el tratamiento de los TCA. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda y recopilación de documentos científicos mediante un modelo de acumulación de datos y selección de estudios, en la que se utilizaron las bases de datos informatizadas SCOPUS, Web of Science, y PubMed. En todas las bases de datos consultadas, se empleó la misma frase de búsqueda. Para acotar los resultados, se introdujeron una serie de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. La revisión contó con cinco documentos relacionados con la temática de estudio, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión. Las intervenciones con EF y TN para el tratamiento de los TCA suponen una reducción en la severidad de la sintomatología de los pacientes. Estos programas se muestran como una herramienta terapéutica alternativa o complementariaa la terapia convencional. Se requieren más estudios que combinen programas de intervención de EF y TN dirigidos a pacientes con TCA. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2022; 72(1): 60-71. Physical exercise and nutritional therapy in the treatment of eating disorders. Introduction. Eating Disorders (ED) are a severe mental illness that causes physical and psychosocial problems. This illness has a higher prevalence among young women, and between athletes cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the current treatment for this type of disorder. However, more and more programs are including physical exercise (PE) and nutritional therapy (TN) for eating disorders treatment. Objective. To carry out an exploratory systematic review of the literature that allows us to know the current state of intervention programs through physical exercise and nutritional therapy for the treatment of eating disorders. Materials and methods. For the reference search thesame search phrase was used. The terms were entered in English in the following computerized databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. To limit the search, four inclusion criteria were introduced. Results. The review included five scientific articles related to the study topic, which met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion. Intervention programs for the treatment of eating disorders that include physical exercise and nutritional therapy are shown as an alternative or complementary tool to conventional therapy. These programs involve a reduction in the severity of ED symptoms and an improvement in anthropometric parameters and physical condition. More studies that combine PE and TN programs for people with ED are required. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2022; 72(1): 60-71.

La asociación Club 49 surgió en Barcelona a finales de la década de 1940, y fue uno de los elementos clave de reconstrucción y promoción del panorama artístico y cultural de la ciudad, así como un claro ejemplo del circuito de la cultura catalana en el periodo de la dictadura. El principal objetivo de este artículo es mostrar un caso de estudio concreto y exponer como Club 49 fue como una pequeña ventana al exterior, así como revelar que gracias a Eudald Serra (1911-2001) se organizaron algunas exposiciones y conferencias sobre arte japonés en Barcelona durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960. La reconstrucción de una microhistoria que nos permitirá poner en valor la figura de Serra como un verdadero mediador cultural, conectando culturas, creando y organizando espacios de confluencia. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación hemos trabajado con material inédito de archivos personales de diversos miembros de Club 49, que nos ha permitido documentar la génesis de dichas actividades, así como la recepción que tuvieron. Poniéndose así de relieve la importancia del material de ephemera (invitaciones, folletos, etc.) como objetos de memoria en la valoración y reconstrucción de la historia anónima, así como de la práctica cultural del momento.

Previous work in English has found that the spelling difficulties of children with dyslexia affect the overall quality attributed to their written compositions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different processes related to transcription, translation and ideas proposing/planning are affected in developmental dyslexia and to what extent potential deficits are associated to poor spelling. Compositions handwritten by Spanish-speaking children with and without dyslexia aged 9–12 years-old (n = 42) were compared on measures of productivity, spelling accuracy, legibility, lexical diversity, punctuation, sentence structure and grammar, organisation, ideas quality, and readability. Children with dyslexia performed worse in spelling, lexical diversity, syntax and grammar and ideas quality. Interestingly, in the group with dyslexia spelling accuracy contributed to lexical diversity, while lexical diversity was the only significant predictor of syntax and grammar, organisation and ideas quality. This pattern of results was absent in typically developing children. This evidence suggests that spelling difficulties reduce the lexical diversity of the texts of children with dyslexia, which may affect the activity of the translator and the proposer, diminishing the perceived quality of their written compositions.

The draft Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework commits to achievement of equity and justice outcomes and represents a “relational turn” in how we understand inclusive conservation. Although “inclusivity” is drawn on as a means to engage diverse stakeholders, widening the framing of inclusivity can create new tensions with regard to how to manage protected areas. We first offer a set of tensions that emerge in the light of the relational turn in biodiversity conservation. Drawing on global case examples applying multiple methods of inclusive conservation, we then demonstrate that, by actively engaging in the interdependent phases of recognizing hybridity, enabling conditions for reflexivity and partnership building, tensions can not only be acknowledged but softened and, in some cases, reframed when managing for biodiversity, equity, and justice goals. The results can improve stakeholder engagement in protected area management, ultimately supporting better implementation of global biodiversity targets.

Purpose Although current research has investigated how open research data (ORD) are published, researchers' behaviour of ORD sharing on academic social networks (ASNs) remains insufficiently explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the connections between ORDs publication and social activity to uncover data literacy gaps.Design/methodology/approach This work investigates whether the ORDs publication leads to social activity around the ORDs and their linked published articles to uncover data literacy needs. The social activity was characterised as reads and citations, over the basis of a non-invasive approach supporting this preliminary study. The eventual associations between the social activity and the researchers' profile (scientific domain, gender, region, professional position, reputation) and the quality of the ORD published were investigated to complete this picture. A random sample of ORD items extracted from ResearchGate (752 ORDs) was analysed using quantitative techniques, including descriptive statistics, logistic regression and K-means cluster analysis.Findings The results highlight three main phenomena: (1) Globally, there is still an underdeveloped social activity around self-archived ORDs in ResearchGate, in terms of reads and citations, regardless of the published ORDs quality; (2) disentangling the moderating effects over social activity around ORD spots traditional dynamics within the “innovative” practice of engaging with data practices; (3) a somewhat similar situation of ResearchGate as ASN to other data platforms and repositories, in terms of social activity around ORD, was detected.Research limitations/implications Although the data were collected within a narrow period, the random data collection ensures a representative picture of researchers' practices.Practical implications As per the implications, the study sheds light on data literacy requirements to promote social activity around ORD in the context of open science as a desirable frontier of practice.Originality/value Researchers data literacy across digital systems is still little understood. Although there are many policies and technological infrastructure providing support, the researchers do not make an in-depth use of them.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-05-2021-0255.

Exercise; Exercise implementation programme; Frailty Ejercicio; Programa de ejecución de ejercicios; Fragilidad Exercici; Programa d'execució d'exercicis; Fragilitat Introduction: The +AGIL Barcelona programme is a multicomponent care intervention for frail older adults (FOAs) living in the community. To improve the programme, it is essential to investigate the experience of all participants. Our objective was to explore the perspective of FOA and professionals about the barriers, facilitators, and improvement elements of the development of the +AGIL Barcelona programme. Qualitative descriptive approach. Were included FOA and professionals who participated in the +AGIL Barcelona programme. Methods: Three focus groups and four interviews were conducted. These were analyzed following the qualitative method of content analysis. The criteria of scientific rigor of credibility, dependence, and transferability were ensured throughout the study. Results: Three themes and seven sub-themes were developed: facilitators (positive experience and perceived benefits), barriers (self-perceived health status, digital divide, and continuity of the programme at home), and improvements elements (programme continuity and adaptation of technology). All the participants felt satisfied, highlighting aspects such as interpersonal relationships and social contact, face-to-face sessions guided by a physiotherapist, and the functional improvement achieved. Some of the difficulties were the self-perception of frailty, the need for technological support, and continuing the exercise programme at home. Conclusion: The FOA who participated in the +AGIL Barcelona programme perceived direct benefits for their health and physical condition due to the development of self-confidence by being able to perform physical exercise despite their baseline condition, and the professionals experienced an improvement in the quality of care due to work in a multidisciplinary team. This study was partially supported by Subvencions de L'institut de Cultura de Barcelona per a Projectes de Recerca i Innovació del Pla Barcelona Ciència 2019 (ID 19S01576-006).

Frailty; Integrated care; Older adults Fragilidad; Atención integrada; Personas mayores Fragilitat; Atenció integrada; Ancians Background: The “AGIL Barcelona (AGILBcn)” community-based integrated care program is a multicomponent healthy aging intervention for frail older adults. In this context, the present study aimed to identify implementation strategies to optimize the accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability of mobile health (mhealth) interventions to enhance physical activity in frail older adults, and to prioritize action points according to their importance and feasibility, through a co-design process. Material and methods: A mixed methods approach was used. In the qualitative phase, a method adapted from the World Café was applied in 6 virtual groups to identify strategies to facilitate the virtual physical activity program. In the quantitative phase, prioritization and feasibility of the strategies was analyzed through surveys. Strategies were ranked based on priority vs. feasibility, revealing if strategies should either be: implemented first; if possible; taken into account for future consideration; or directly disregarded. The convenience sample included older adults (n = 7), community professionals (n = 9) and health professionals (n = 13). Qualitative data were analyzed by summative content analysis and quantitative data by nonparametric descriptive analyses. Results: A total of 27 strategies were identified and grouped into four categories: general strategies for reducing barriers; specific strategies for facilitating the use of a digital application; specific strategies for facilitating participation in virtual exercise groups; and specific strategies for facilitating external support. According to the ranking of strategies, the first ones to be implemented included: digital literacy, digital capability assessment, family technology support, weekly telephone follow-up by professionals, personalizing exercises, and virtual exercises in small groups. Conclusion: The active participation of all stakeholders enabled us to identify potential strategies for implementing person-oriented technology in physical activity programs and for engaging older adults. LV-G was funded by the Industrial Doctorates Program [reference 2020 DI 76], promoted by the Government of Catalonia, Spain. This study received funding by the Barcelona Science Plan of the Cultural Institute of Barcelona-Barcelona City Council and by la Caixa Foundation [19S01576-006].

Background Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (BZDRs) are among the most prescribed medications for anxiety and insomnia, especially among older adults. Our objective was to investigate the association between the use of BZDRs and the risk of dementia. Methods A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the data available from 2002 to 2015 in Catalan Health Service. This cohort included all BZDR users (N = 83 138) and nonusers (N = 84 652) older than 45 years. A minimum 5-year lag window and an adjustment for psychiatric problems were applied for the data analysis. Results The hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of incident dementia among BZDR users was 1.22 (95% CI = 1.15 to 1.31). This risk was not significant after adjusting the data confounding factors (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.08). We observed a higher risk with short-to-intermediate half-life BZDs (HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20) and Z-drugs (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.33) than for intermediate-to-long half-life BZDs (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.08). We demonstrated a higher risk of incident dementia (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.41 and odds ratio = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.27 to 1.50, respectively) in patients who received 91 to 180 defined daily doses (DDDs) and >180 DDDs compared with patients who received Conclusion We found that the incidence of dementia was not higher among all BZDR users. Short half-life BZDs and Z-drugs increased the risk of dementia at the highest doses, especially in female patients, showing a dose-response relationship.

BACKGROUND A growing body of work shows that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) perform poorly on statistical word learning (SWL) tasks, consistent with the predictions of the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis that predicts that procedural memory is impaired in DLD. To date, however, SWL performance has not been compared across linguistically heterogeneous populations of children with DLD. AIMS To compare SWL performance in a group of age, sex and non-verbal IQ-matched Catalan-Spanish and English-speaking children with and without DLD. METHODS & PROCEDURES Two cohorts of children: (1) 35 Catalan-Spanish-speaking children with DLD (Mage = 8;7 years) and 35 age/sex-matched typical developing (TD) children (Mage = 8;9 years), and (2) 24 English-speaking children with DLD (Mage = 9;1 years) and 19 age/sex matched TD controls (Mage = 8;9 years) completed the tone version of a SWL task from Evans et al. (2009). Children listened to a tone language in which transitional probabilities within tone words were higher than those between words. OUTCOMES & RESULTS For both Catalan-Spanish and English cohorts, overall performance for the children with DLD was poorer than that of the TD controls regardless of the child's native language. Item analysis revealed that children with DLD had difficulty tracking statistical information and using transitional probability to discover tone word boundaries within the input. For both the Catalan-Spanish and English-speaking children, SWL accounted for a significant amount of unique variance in Receptive and Expressive vocabulary. Likelihood ratio analysis revealed that for both Catalan-Spanish and English cohorts, children having performance ≤ 45% on the SWL task had an extremely high degree of likelihood of having DLD. The analysis also revealed that for the Catalan-Spanish and English-speaking children, scores of ≥ 75% and ≥ 70%, respectively, were highly likelihood to be children with normal language abilities. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The findings add to a pattern suggesting that SWL is a mechanism that children rely on to acquire vocabulary. The results also suggest that SWL deficits, in particular when combined with other measures, may be a reliable diagnostic indicator for children with DLD regardless of the child's native language, and whether or not the child is bilingual or monolingual. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Although there is some disagreement, a small but growing body of work suggests that deficits in procedural memory, as measured either by motor sequencing (Serial Reaction Time-SRT) or SWL tasks, may be part of the deficit profile of children with DLD. To date, studies have not examined SWL across linguistically heterogeneous populations of children with DLD to determine if it is a unique clinical marker of the disorder. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The results show that children with DLD, regardless of their native language, or whether the child is bi- or monolingual, have difficulties on SWL tasks, and that these deficits are linked to severity of the language disorder. Taken together, these results indicate that procedural memory deficits may be a core feature of DLD. This suggests that statistical-learning tasks using tone stimuli can also advance our understanding of statistical-learning abilities in children with DLD more globally. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The current study shows that statistical-learning tasks using tone stimuli can be used in conjunction with standardized assessment measures to differentiate children with DLD from children with typical language ability.

A wide range of diseases have been shown to be influenced by the accumulation of senescent cells, from fibrosis to diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s and other age-related pathologies. Consistent with this, clearance of senescent cells can prolong healthspan and lifespan in in vivo models. This provided a rationale for developing a new class of drugs, called senolytics, designed to selectively eliminate senescent cells in human tissues. The senolytics tested so far lack specificity and have significant off-target effects, suggesting that a targeted approach could be more clinically relevant. Here, we propose to use an extracellular epitope of B2M, a recently identified membrane marker of senescence, as a target for the specific delivery of toxic drugs into senescent cells. We show that an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) against B2M clears senescent cells by releasing duocarmycin into them, while an isotype control ADC was not toxic for these cells. This effect was dependent on p53 expression and therefore more evident in stress-induced senescence. Non-senescent cells were not affected by either antibody, confirming the specificity of the treatment. Our results provide a proof-of-principle assessment of a novel approach for the specific elimination of senescent cells using a second generation targeted senolytic against proteins of their surfaceome, which could have clinical applications in pathological ageing and associated diseases.

Introduction Cervical cytology is a well‐stablished cervical cancer screening method. However, due to the anatomical continuity of the genital tract, it can also detect signs of endometrial disease. Our aim was to estimate the sensitivity of cervical cytology in endometrial cancer detection and prognosis in a large population over a 30‐year period in a large academic tertiary hospital in Spain. Methodology We performed a search for women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 1990 to 2020, who were surgically treated and had a previous cervical cytology result. Information Technologies Department databases from Bellvitge University Hospital and the Screenwide case–control study's database were used. Cervical cytology results were classified as abnormal when squamous lesions, glandular atypia or malignant cells were identified. Results Overall, we evaluated 371 women with endometrial cancer and a documented cervical cytology performed within 3 years previous to surgical treatment. Overall, the sensitivity of cervical cytology for endometrial cancer detection was 25.6%. Several clinico‐pathological characteristics, such as non‐endometrioid histology and a higher stage, were correlated with higher sensitivity. Discussion We observed a low sensitivity of cervical cytology to effectively diagnose endometrial cancer. However, recent technological advances using genomics and epigenomics may offer a promising perspective to detect endometrial cancer with high sensitivity in these cervical specimens., Cervical cytology sensitivity for endometrial cancer was 25.6%. Several clinico‐pathological factors, such as non‐endometrioid histology and a higher stage, were correlated with higher sensitivity.

Cerebral blood flow; Mild cognitive impairment; Spectroscopy Flux sanguini cerebral; Deteriorament cognitiu lleu; Espectroscòpia Flujo sanguíneo cerebral; Deterioro cognitivo leve; Espectroscopia Introduction: In a worldwide aging population with a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairment, it is paramount to improve knowledge about underlying mechanisms of motor and cognitive function and their interplay in the aging processes. Methods: We measured prefrontal cerebral blood flow (CBF) using functional diffuse correlation spectroscopy during motor and dual-task. We aimed to compare CBF changes among 49 older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during a dual-task paradigm (normal walk, 2- forward count walk, 3-backward count walk, obstacle negotiation, and heel tapping). Participants with MCI walked slower during the normal walk and obstacle negotiation compared to participants with normal cognition (NC), while gait speed during counting conditions was not different between the groups, therefore the dual-task cost was higher for participants with NC. We built a linear mixed effects model with CBF measures from the right and left prefrontal cortex. Results: MCI (n = 34) showed a higher increase in CBF from the normal walk to the 2-forward count walk (estimate = 0.34, 95% CI [0.02, 0.66], p = 0.03) compared to participants with NC, related to a right- sided activation. Both groups showed a higher CBF during the 3-backward count walk compared to the normal walk, while only among MCI, CFB was higher during the 2-forward count walk. Discussion: Our findings suggest a differential prefrontal hemodynamic pattern in older adults with MCI compared to their NC counterparts during the dual-task performance, possibly as a response to increasing attentional demand. This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (MEDPHOTAGE, DTS 16/00099 and DTS 16/00087, 2017, and FRONT STAGE, PI 19/00734, 2020) and co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “Investing in your future,” the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (Grant No. 713729), Fundació CELLEX Barcelona, Fundació Mir-Puig, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PHOTOMETABO, PID2019-106481RB-C31/10.13039/501100011033), FEDER EC and LASERLAB-EUROPE V (EC H2020 number 871124) and “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019-000910-S).

Con la llegada de las nuevas tecnologías, los estudios de Diseño Gráfico -centrados en el desarrollo de capacidades visuales y comunicativas- han incorporado disciplinas multimedia e interactivas para hacer frente a los retos laborales. Estas nuevas disciplinas incluyen aspectos competenciales informaticos -necesarios profesionalmente- que se desvian del perfil de estos estudios, provocando dificultades de aprendizaje. Este artículo describe una experiencia docente de diseño, implementación y evaluación llevada a cabo en una asignatura de Estudios Superiores de Diseño Gráfico, donde el alumnado desarrolla webs con los lenguajes HTML y CSS. A través de la Investigación Basada en Diseño se ha verificado que una propuesta fundamentada en el aprendizaje basado en proyectos acompañada por el aprendizaje basado en problemas, la clase invertida y la tecnología educativa, es idonea para este contexto. Las técnicas, instrumentos e indicadores utilizados para evaluar la experiencia han sido: las observaciones de aula, los cuestionarios, la asistencia, la tasa de abandono y las calificaciones. Los resultados han sido positivos, puesto que se ha mejorado la adquisición de competencias, una mayor satisfacción del alumnado, asi como mejores resultados académicos. With the advent of new technologies, Graphic Design studies -focused on the development of visual and communication skills- have incorporated multimedia and interactive disciplines in order to face the industry challenges. These new disciplines include aspects of computer skills -professionally necessary- that deviate from the profile of these studies, causing learning difficulties. This article describes a teaching experience of design, implementation and evaluation carried out in a subject of Bachelor in Graphic Design, where students develop websites built with HTML and CSS. Using Design-Based Research, it has been verified that a proposal based on project-based learning, accompanied by problem-based learning, the flipped classroom and educative technology, is ideal for this context. The techniques, instruments and indicators used to evaluate the experience have been: classroom observations, questionnaires, attendance, dropout rate and grades. The results have been positive, the acquisition of skills has been improved, greater satisfaction has been obtained and better academic results have been achieved.

Background An increase in lifespan in our society is a double-edged sword that entails a growing number of patients with neurocognitive disorders, Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent. Advances in medical imaging and computational power enable new methods for the early detection of neurocognitive disorders with the goal of preventing or reducing cognitive decline. Computer-aided image analysis and early detection of changes in cognition is a promising approach for patients with mild cognitive impairment, sometimes a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Methods We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of studies where machine learning was applied to neuroimaging data in order to predict whether patients with mild cognitive impairment might develop Alzheimer’s disease dementia or remain stable. After removing duplicates, we screened 452 studies and selected 116 for qualitative analysis. Results Most studies used magnetic resonance image (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) data but also magnetoencephalography. The datasets were mainly extracted from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) database with some exceptions. Regarding the algorithms used, the most common was support vector machine with a mean accuracy of 75.4%, but convolutional neural networks achieved a higher mean accuracy of 78.5%. Studies combining MRI and PET achieved overall better classification accuracy than studies that only used one neuroimaging technique. In general, the more complex models such as those based on deep learning, combined with multimodal and multidimensional data (neuroimaging, clinical, cognitive, genetic, and behavioral) achieved the best performance. Conclusions Although the performance of the different methods still has room for improvement, the results are promising and this methodology has a great potential as a support tool for clinicians and healthcare professionals.

Despite recent advances in 3‐D pose estimation of human hands, thanks to the advent of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and depth cameras, this task is still far from being solved in uncontrolled setups. This is mainly due to the highly non‐linear dynamics of fingers and self‐occlusions, which make hand model training a challenging task. In this study, a novel hierarchical tree‐like structured CNN is exploited, in which branches are trained to become specialised in predefined subsets of hand joints called local poses. Further, local pose features, extracted from hierarchical CNN branches, are fused to learn higher order dependencies among joints in the final pose by end‐to‐end training. Lastly, the loss function used is also defined to incorporate appearance and physical constraints about doable hand motions and deformations. Finally, a non‐rigid data augmentation approach is introduced to increase the amount of training depth data. Experimental results suggest that feeding a tree‐shaped CNN, specialised in local poses, into a fusion network for modelling joints' correlations and dependencies, helps to increase the precision of final estimations, showing competitive results on NYU, MSRA, Hands17 and SyntheticHand datasets.

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, "Otra manera de hacer Europa", "Investing in your future"); Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM - RD16/0015/0002, RD16/0015/0003, RD12/0032/0002, RD12/0060/01-02); TEVA Spain; Fundación Merck Salud (Ayudas Merck de Investigación 2017); Proyecto Societat Catalana Neurologia 2017; CIBERNED program (Program 1, Alzheimer Disease and SIGNAL study); National Institutes of Health (NIA grants 1R01AG056850-01A1, R21AG056974, R01AG061566;, Fundació La Marató de TV3 (20142030, 20141210); Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down; Fundació Víctor Grífols i Lucas; Generalitat de Catalunya (SLT006/17/00119); Universitat de Barcelona (APIF Pre-doctoral grant); Hospital Clinic Emili Letang). The spatio-temporal characteristics of grey matter (GM) impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly understood. We used a new surface-based diffusion MRI processing tool to investigate regional modifications of microstructure, and we quantified volume loss in GM in a cohort of patients with MS classified into three groups according to disease duration. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between GM changes with disease severity. We studied 54 healthy controls and 247 MS patients classified regarding disease duration: MS1 (less than 5 years, n = 67); MS2 (5-15 years, n = 107); and MS3 (more than15 years, n = 73). We compared GM mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA) and volume between groups, and estimated their clinical associations. Regional modifications in diffusion measures (MD and FA) and volume did not overlap early in the disease, and became widespread in later phases. We found higher MD in MS1 group, mainly in the temporal cortex, and volume reduction in deep GM and left precuneus. Additional MD changes were evident in cingulate and occipital cortices in the MS2 group, coupled to volume reductions in deep GM and parietal and frontal poles. Changes in MD and volume extended to more than 80% of regions in MS3 group. Conversely, increments in FA, with very low effect size, were observed in the parietal cortex and thalamus in MS1 and MS2 groups, and extended to the frontal lobe in the later group. MD and GM changes were associated with white matter lesion load and with physical and cognitive disability. Microstructural integrity loss and atrophy present differential spatial predominance early in MS and accrual over time, probably due to distinct pathogenic mechanisms that underlie tissue damage.

En un escenario de riesgo grave e inminente, la legitimidad de una decisión que paraliza la actividad empresarial depende de la racionalidad del juicio de probabilidad de la persona que la ha tomado. Con el fin de evaluar legalmente el comportamiento en una situación como la descrita por los artículos 21.2 y 3 y 44 LPRL y dadas las limitaciones de la Ley para proporcionar una definición de "probabilidad", este estudio propone algunas reglas de juicio basadas en los principales conceptos de psicología de la conducta (tales como la representatividad heurística, la falacia de conjunción y el sesgo de disponibilidad) y algunos conceptos básicos de probabilidad. Estas reglas, y especialmente en el contexto de la pandemia, aspiran contextualizar el razonamiento que las ha precipitado y así facilitar su calificación jurídica. In a serious an imminent risk scenario, the legitimacy of a decision paralyzing the business activity depends on the rationality of the probability judgment of the decision-making person. In order to evaluate legally the behaviour of someone in a situation such as it is described by the articles 21.2 and 3 and 44 LPRL and given the Law limitations to provide a "probability" definition, this study proposes some judgment rules based on main concepts of psychology of conduct (such as representativeness heuristic, the conjunction fallacy, and the availability bias) and some elementary statistical concepts. These rules, and especially in the context of the pandemic, aspire to contextualize the reasoning that has precipitated these decisions and, therefore, facilitate its legal qualification.

Higher education and research and innovation in Europe continue to suffer from an indefensible waste of female talent and gender inequality. The European Commission recommends that these organizations adopt gender equality plans (GEPs) and other initiatives for institutional change. However, the levels of readiness, expertise, and experience with such interventions are wide-ranging across institutions and member states, thus collaborative approaches might be particularly valuable. Drawing on the experiences of transnational and multi-institutional communities of practice (CoPs) for gender equality (GE), we illuminate how the CoP approach supported change agents, who leveraged CoP membership to respond to challenges in promoting GE initiatives. Being part of collaborative, co-designed CoPs for learning, knowledge sharing, and institutional change provided external support to the change agents' activism and allowed them to build legitimacy around GE work. CoP members leveraged this support through learning opportunities, knowledge transfer, sharing practice, political support, and solidarity from the CoP stakeholders. Findings also show that when CoPs were transnational, multi-institutional, and interdisciplinary, their heterogeneity did raise some challenges in relation to the divergence of members' contexts and geopolitical idiosyncrasies and that this should be considered when designing CoPs which transcend national and institutional boundaries.

In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and behavioural change during the first Covid-19 wave, for three European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy) that have been severely hit. We use a novel dataset that we collected to monitor the three countries during the crisis. As outcome variables, we used expectations (e.g., economic outlook, labour market situation, recovery), fear (e.g., scenario of new outburst, economic depression, restriction to individual rights and freedom), and behavioural change across the following dimensions: savings, cultural consumption, social capital, and risky behaviour. We provide descriptive evidence that is representative of the population of interest, and we estimate the impact of exposure to shock occurred during the crisis on the same outcome variables, using matching techniques. Our main findings are the following: we detected systematically negative expectations regarding the future and the recovery, majoritarian fears of an economic depression, a new outbreak, and a permanent restriction on freedom, a reduction in saving and in social capital. Exposure to shocks decreased expected job prospects, increased withdrawal from accumulated savings, and reduced contacts with the network relevant to job advancement, whereas it had inconclusive effects over fears. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02697-5.

espanolLas tecnologias digitales han irrumpido en la vida de las personas con diversidad funcional con la promesa de ofrecer mas autonomia y accesibilidad con logros ciertamente remarcables. La diversidad funcional intelectual, sin embargo, ha sido un campo en el que tales desarrollos han sido mas modestos y presenta aun ciertas incertidumbres. La cuestion de la autonomia, concretamente, plantea problemas en su puesta en practica, especialmente cuando se la piensa desde la idea de sujeto individual autonomo capaz de tomar decisiones por cuenta propia. A traves de un trabajo de caracter etnografico realizado en un servicio de vida independiente en Cataluna, se lleva a cabo el analisis de dos casos de implantacion de tecnologia para facilitar la autonomia de personas con diversidad funcional intelectual. A partir de la comparacion entre los dos casos, hemos mostrado como el resultado final de las experiencias tiene mucho que ver con las interacciones que se dan entre las diferentes concepciones de autonomia que se encuentran presentes y la manera en que se concibe el papel de la tecnologia en la consecucion de la vida independiente. Pensar toda la red de relaciones que se establece como un conjunto de equilibrios precarios aparece en este trabajo como la clave del exito que debe permitir lidiar entre asuntos tan complejos como la autonomia, el derecho a decidir y el acompanamiento no invasivo en el dia a dia de las personas con diversidad funcional. EnglishDigital technologies have burst into the lives of people with disabilities with the promise of offering more autonomy and accessibility with remarkable achievements in some areas. Learning disability, however, has been a field in which such developments have been more modest and still presents certain uncertainties. The issue of autonomy, in particular, poses problems in its implementation, especially when it is considered from the point of view of an autonomous individual subject capable of making independent decisions. Through an ethnographic study carried out in an independent living service in Catalonia, we analyzed two cases of technology implemented to facilitate the autonomy of people with learning disabilities. From the comparison between the two cases, we have shown how the final outcome of the experiences has much to do with the interactions between the different conceptions of autonomy that are present and the way in which the role of technology in achieving independent living is conceived. The study identifies that thinking about the whole network of relationships that is established as a set of precarious balances is critical to dealing with complex matters such as the right to decide, the autonomy or non-invasive support in the daily life of people with learning disabilities. portuguesAs tecnologias digitais tem entrado na vida de pessoas com diversidade funcional com a promessa de oferecer mais autonomia e acessibilidade com conquistas certamente notaveis. A diversidade funcional intelectual, entretanto, tem sido um campo em que tais desenvolvimentos tem sido mais modestos e ainda apresentam certas incertezas. A questao da autonomia, especificamente, suscita problemas em sua implementacao, principalmente quando e pensada a partir da ideia de um sujeito individual autonomo capaz de tomar decisoes por conta propria. Atraves de um trabalho etnografico realizado em um servico de vivencia independente na Catalunha, a analise de dois casos de implementacao de tecnologia e realizada para facilitar a autonomia de pessoas com diversidade funcional intelectual. A partir da comparacao entre os dois casos, mostramos como o resultado final das experiencias tem muito a ver com as interacoes que ocorrem entre as diferentes concepcoes de autonomia que estao presentes e a forma como o papel da autonomia e concebido. na busca de uma vida independente. Pensar em toda a rede de relacoes que se estabelece como um conjunto de equilibrios precarios surge neste trabalho como a chave do sucesso que deve permitir lidar com questoes complexas como a autonomia, o direito de decidir e o acompanhamento nao invasivo no dia-a-dia. hoje. de pessoas com diversidade funcional.

The article discusses whether and to what extent experiments can contribute to a research paradigm based on the study of human behaviour in complex evolving environments and on the problem of asymmetric adjustment among different components of economic system along certain trajectories, focusing on the possibility that experimental evidence may represent an external consistency check on this type of heterodox modelling. It considers the evidence on rationality of human agents, and the possibility to identify a microfoundation alternative to homo oeconomicus, discussing the evidence on humans as strong reciprocators, as trusting individuals and as embedded in social norms.

Este artículo propone una mirada renovada sobre la Exposición Internacional de Barcelona 1929 a través de su cultura material y visual, los pabellones comerciales, sus atracciones y la configuración de su espacio para analizar cómo el diseño del evento se interrelaciona con varias dinámicas inscritas en la cultura urbana y a la experiencia de modernidad. Veremos así la centralidad que cobran las experiencias sensitivas, cómo el régimen visual del evento se relaciona con la circulación de saberes en el siglo XIX o que vínculos establece el consumo con la creación de nuevos espacios urbanos, nuevas formas de entretenimiento y estilos modernos como el Art Déco. El objetivo será visualizar el alcance del evento de 1929 en la concreción de culturas urbanas asociadas a la irrupción de la sociedad de consumo que se intuyeron en 1888. This article looks anew at The 1929 Barcelona International Exposition, focusing on its material and visual culture, its commercial pavilions, its attractions, and its configuration of space in order to demonstrate how the design of this event connects with the dynamics of urban culture and the experience of modernity. Through it, we will see the centrality of sensory experience, the visual regime of the fair as related to the circulation of knowledge in the 19th century, and the participation of consumerism in the creation of new urban spaces, new forms of entertainment, and modern styles such as Art Deco. The objective will be to demonstrate the extent to which the 1929 event made urban culture and the emergence of consumer society more concrete, as first suggested in the Exposition of 1888.

Este ensayo analiza la situación del trabajo asalariado tras la ofensiva neoliberal contra el Estado social y las formas de organización de la clase trabajadora. Para ello se revisan las teorías más relevantes sobre los cambios en el mundo del trabajo desde la década de 1970, prestando especial atención a la teoría del precariado y a las críticas que ha recibido con el propósito de ponderar sus potencialidades como revulsivo frente al poder de la contrarrevolución neoliberal. En último lugar, se sugiere el empleo de los conceptos de precariedad y de precariado como dispositivo para aglutinar diferentes fracciones sociales en el presente ciclo de luchas laborales y sociales. This essay analyses the situation of wage labour after the neoliberal offensive against the welfare state and the forms of organization of the working class. To do this, the most relevant theories about changes in the world of work since the 1970s are reviewed. Special attention is paid to Standing's precariat and the criticism it has generated in order to weigh its potential as a revulsive against the power of the neoliberal counterrevolution. Finally, the use of the concepts of precarity and precariat is suggested as an interpellation that agglutinates different social fractions in the current cycle of labour and social struggles. Universidad Pablo de Olavide Universidad Pablo de Olavide

14-3-3 proteins are an important family of hub proteins that play important roles in many cellular processes via a large network of interactions with partner proteins. Many of these protein-protein interactions (PPI) are implicated in human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The stabilisation of selected 14-3-3 PPIs using drug-like 'molecular glues' is a novel therapeutic strategy with high potential. However, the examples reported to date have a number of drawbacks in terms of selectivity and potency. Here, we report that WR-1065, the active species of the approved drug amifostine, covalently modifies 14-3-3o at an isoform-unique cysteine residue, Cys38. This modification leads to isoform-specific stabilisation of two 14-3-3o PPIs in a manner that is cooperative with a well characterised molecular glue, fusicoccin A. Our findings reveal a novel stabilisation mechanism for 14-3-3o, an isoform with particular involvement in cancer pathways. This mechanism can be exploited to harness the enhanced potency conveyed by covalent drug molecules and dual ligand cooperativity. This is demonstrated in two cancer cell lines whereby the cooperative behaviour of fusicoccin A and WR-1065 leads to enhanced efficacy for inducing cell death and attenuating cell growth.

This article attends to age stereotypes and ageism in contemporary tech. In academia, little attention has been devoted to this topic. Therefore, we intend to initiate a discussion around ageism in tech by studying perceptions of age in the tech industry. Our study is based on interviews with 18 tech workers around the world of varying age. According to our interviewees, tech workers over 35 are considered old in the tech industry. Older tech workers are expected to become managers, thought to become less interested in new technology, and expected to have more challenges when learning new software. We also look at how tech workers of different age groups experience entrepreneurial values of the company as a playground, staying hungry, and changing the future with technology, and how these values influence their professional careers. We conclude that ageism is reinforced in contemporary tech through several stereotypes related to age.

Solar radiation is increasingly used as a clean energy source, and photovoltaic (PV) panels that contain solar cells (SCs) transform solar energy into electricity. The current-voltage characteristics for PV models is nonlinear. Due to a lack of data on the manufacturer’s datasheet for PV models, there are several unknown parameters. It is necessary to accurately design the PV systems by defining the intrinsic parameters of the SCs. Various methods have been proposed to estimate the unknown parameters of PV cells. However, their results are often inaccurate. In this article, a gradient-based optimizer (GBO) was applied as an efficient and accurate methodology to estimate the parameters of SCs and PV modules. Three common SC models, namely, single-diode models (SDMs), double-diode models (DDMs), and three-diode models (TDMs) were used to demonstrate the capacity of the GBO to estimate the parameters of SCs. The proposed GBO algorithm for estimating the optimal values of the parameters for various SCs models are applied on the real data of a 55 mm diameter commercial R.T.C-France SC. Comparison between the GBO and other algorithms are performed for the same data set. The smallest value of the error between the experimental and the simulated data is achieved by the proposed GBO. Also, high closeness between the simulated P-V and I-V curves is achieved by the proposed GBO compared with the experimental.

This essay addresses current debates on the global novel through the analysis of two contrasting yet comparable case studies: J. M. Coetzee's Jesus trilogy The Childhood of Jesus (2013), The Schooldays of Jesus (2016), and The Death of Jesus (2019) and the significantly less well-known novel Sudd (2007), by the Spanish novelist and travel writer Gabi Martínez. Mobilizing a growing body of criticism, we identify a key constellation of social, political, affective, and ethical concerns that are increasingly present in recent theories of the novel such as global interconnectedness and violence, cosmopolitanism, a new order of affects, humanitarianism, translatability, and planetarity and discuss them through our two case studies. Working from different narrative aesthetics and unequal positions in the literary system, Coetzee and Martínez thwart exclusive adherence to normative or pragmatic approaches to the global novel, evincing the unevenness of international circulation and academic institutionalization against the backdrop of global Anglophone literature.

Metaheuristic algorithms are employed to solve complex and large-scale optimization problems in many different fields, from transportation and smart cities to finance. This paper discusses how metaheuristic algorithms are being applied to solve different optimization problems in the area of bioinformatics. While the text provides references to many optimization problems in the area, it focuses on those that have attracted more interest from the optimization community. Among the problems analyzed, the paper discusses in more detail the molecular docking problem, the protein structure prediction, phylogenetic inference, and different string problems. In addition, references to other relevant optimization problems are also given, including those related to medical imaging or gene selection for classification. From the previous analysis, the paper generates insights on research opportunities for the Operations Research and Computer Science communities in the field of bioinformatics.

En este artículo presentamos la noción de tradautomaticidad y explicamos su relevancia en la traducción automática. La tradautomaticidad es el 'aroma de la traducción automática'; esto es, los fenómenos lingüísticos que provocan que un texto parezca haber sido traducido por una máquina y no por un ser humano. Esta noción es relevante en la evaluación de sistemas de traducción automática pero lo es también en la corrección de traducciones, en la confirmación de usos fraudulentos, la detección de spam, o la búsqueda de informaciónEl artículo explica el trabajo experimental que realizamos para elaborar una tipología de tradautomaticidad. Analizamos también la apreciación de estos fenómenos por parte de un extenso grupo de informantes, con diferentes niveles de estudios, edades, etc. El experimento nos ha dado datos sobre la influencia de los pares de lenguas y el método del sistema en la generación de ejemplos de tradautomaticidad. Finalmente, hemos hecho unas recomendaciones metodológicas para detectar ejemplos de tradautomaticidad de la forma más objetiva posible., In this article we explain the notion of machine translationness and its relevance in machine translation. Machine translationness refers to the linguistic phenomena that reveals a text to be translated by a machine. This notion is relevant for machine translation evaluation, post-editing,confirmation of dishonest use of manchine translation engines, spam detection and information search.The article explains the empirical study we performed in order to elaborate a machine translationness typology. We also analyse the perception of machine translationness types by a large group of informants with varied learning levels, ages, etc. The experiment provided us with data about the influence of language-pairs and the methodology of the translation engine in machine-translationness generation. Finally, we suggest a few methodological hints about how machine translationnes can be detected automatically and objectively.

Acknowledgement of the prevalence of recreational opioid use (PROU) is key to the planning and evaluation of care services. However, in Spain, the prevalence of PROU in recent years is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the PROU between 2005 and 2019 in the general populations of six Spanish cities. A benchmark-multiplier methodology was used to estimate the PROU population size. The benchmark used was overdose deaths from recreational opioid use in Spain's six most populated cities. The multiplier was the overdose death rate in a cohort of heroin users. Linear regression was used to estimate the trend of the PROU estimate over the set period of years. In 2005, the PROU was 4.78 (95%CI 3.16-7.91) per 1000 people. The estimated trend decreased, with the two lowest values being 2.35 per 1000 in 2015 and 2.29 in 2018. In 2019 the PROU was 2.60 per 1000 (95%CI 1.72-4.31), 45% lower than in 2005. While the decline in the PROU continues, its deceleration over the last four years calls for increased vigilance, especially in light of the opioid crisis in North America that has occurred over the last few years. This study has been developed with the financing of Acción Estratégica en Salud (AES), project AES PI19/00982. Thanks also to Emily Felt for the translation. Sí

Background Non-attendance to scheduled hospital outpatient appointments may compromise healthcare resource planning, which ultimately reduces the quality of healthcare provision by delaying assessments and increasing waiting lists. We developed a model for predicting non-attendance and assessed the effectiveness of an intervention for reducing non-attendance based on the model. Methods The study was conducted in three stages: (1) model development, (2) prospective validation of the model with new data, and (3) a clinical assessment with a pilot study that included the model as a stratification tool to select the patients in the intervention. Candidate models were built using retrospective data from appointments scheduled between January 1, 2015, and November 30, 2018, in the dermatology and pneumology outpatient services of the Hospital Municipal de Badalona (Spain). The predictive capacity of the selected model was then validated prospectively with appointments scheduled between January 7 and February 8, 2019. The effectiveness of selective phone call reminders to patients at high risk of non-attendance according to the model was assessed on all consecutive patients with at least one appointment scheduled between February 25 and April 19, 2019. We finally conducted a pilot study in which all patients identified by the model as high risk of non-attendance were randomly assigned to either a control (no intervention) or intervention group, the last receiving phone call reminders one week before the appointment. Results Decision trees were selected for model development. Models were trained and selected using 33,329 appointments in the dermatology service and 21,050 in the pneumology service. Specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the prediction of non-attendance were 79.90%, 67.09%, and 73.49% for dermatology, and 71.38%, 57.84%, and 64.61% for pneumology outpatient services. The prospective validation showed a specificity of 78.34% (95%CI 71.07, 84.51) and balanced accuracy of 70.45% for dermatology; and 69.83% (95%CI 60.61, 78.00) for pneumology, respectively. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed on 1,311 individuals identified as high risk of non-attendance according to the selected model. Overall, the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in the non-attendance rate to both the dermatology and pneumology services, with a decrease of 50.61% (pp=0.048), respectively. Conclusions The risk of non-attendance can be adequately estimated using patient information stored in medical records. The patient stratification according to the non-attendance risk allows prioritizing interventions, such as phone call reminders, to effectively reduce non-attendance rates.

Atenció integrada; Salut mental; Addiccions Atención integrada; Salud mental; Adicciones Integrated care; Mental health; Addictions El present document integra i presenta els resultats de l’anàlisi temàtica dels tres grups de participants escoltats i analitzats en el marc de la recerca per generar un model d’avaluació de l’atenció integrada en salut mental i addiccions (SMiA). El presente documento integra y presenta los resultados del análisis temático de los tres grupos de participantes escuchados y analizados en el marco de la investigación para generar un modelo de evaluación de la atención integrada en salud mental y adicciones (SMiA). This document incorporates and presents the results of the thematic analysis of the three groups of participants listened to and analysed as part of research to generate an evaluation model for integrated care in the field of mental health and addictions (MHA).

This study examines the use of metaphors, metonymies and metaphorical similes for love in a corpus of 52 year-end number one hit songs in the USA from 1946 to 2016 according to Billboard charts. The analysis is performed within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and from quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Our findings indicate that the theme of romantic love is prevalent in US mainstream pop music over the course of seven decades but shows evolutionary features. Metaphors of love evolve from conventional to novel with a notable increase in both heartbreak and erotic metaphors. Remarkably, the study finds that the two predominant conceptualizations of love in pop songs – which in a significant number of cases overlap – are the following: experiential, originating in the physical proximity of the lovers, and cultural, reflecting possession by one lover and showing a non-egalitarian type of love.

Online higher education continues to grow, yet its high dropout rates remain a pressing and complex problem. However, there are many different definitions of dropout (and related concepts: attrition, persistence, and retention) in the literature, usually related to a temporal conception, and the issue is controversial. Inconsistent terminology is problematic because the ways dropout is defined determine how it is measured, tackled, and researched. This contribution seeks to remedy such issue by summarizing a scoping review of the recent literature on the theme, focusing on the key issue of online higher education students’ dropout conceptualization and definition. A scoping review between 2014 and 2018 yielded 138 articles and dissertations. Findings reveal a complex yet disorganized field, lacking standard definitions. Some concepts (e.g. completion) were defined clearly more often, while others (e.g. attrition and dropout) varied wildly; few papers employed previous definitions from the body of literature. Future research should strive to achieve greater consistency in terminology, so as to compare findings and produce reliable knowledge for intervention in online higher education institutions.

Background:\ud Neurodegeneration is the pathological substrate that causes major disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A synthesis of preclinical and clinical research identified three neuroprotective drugs acting on different axonal pathobiologies. We aimed to test the efficacy of these drugs in an efficient manner with respect to time, cost, and patient resource.\ud Methods:\ud We did a phase 2b, multiarm, parallel group, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial at 13 clinical neuroscience centres in the UK. We recruited patients (aged 25–65 years) with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis who were not on disease-modifying treatment and who had an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4·0–6·5. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) at baseline, by a research nurse using a centralised web-based service, to receive twice-daily oral treatment of either amiloride 5 mg, fluoxetine 20 mg, riluzole 50 mg, or placebo for 96 weeks. The randomisation procedure included minimisation based on sex, age, EDSS score at randomisation, and trial site. Capsules were identical in appearance to achieve masking. Patients, investigators, and MRI readers were unaware of treatment allocation. The primary outcome measure was volumetric MRI percentage brain volume change (PBVC) from baseline to 96 weeks, analysed using multiple regression, adjusting for baseline normalised brain volume and minimisation criteria. The primary analysis was a complete-case analysis based on the intention-to-treat population (all patients with data at week 96). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01910259.\ud Findings:\ud Between Jan 29, 2015, and June 22, 2016, 445 patients were randomly allocated amiloride (n=111), fluoxetine (n=111), riluzole (n=111), or placebo (n=112). The primary analysis included 393 patients who were allocated amiloride (n=99), fluoxetine (n=96), riluzole (n=99), and placebo (n=99). No difference was noted between any active treatment and placebo in PBVC (amiloride vs placebo, 0·0% [95% CI −0·4 to 0·5; p=0·99]; fluoxetine vs placebo −0·1% [–0·5 to 0·3; p=0·86]; riluzole vs placebo −0·1% [–0·6 to 0·3; p=0·77]). No emergent safety issues were reported. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar across study groups (ten [9%] patients in the amiloride group, seven [6%] in the fluoxetine group, 12 [11%] in the riluzole group, and 13 [12%] in the placebo group). The most common serious adverse events were infections and infestations. Three patients died during the study, from causes judged unrelated to active treatment; one patient assigned amiloride died from metastatic lung cancer, one patient assigned riluzole died from ischaemic heart disease and coronary artery thrombosis, and one patient assigned fluoxetine had a sudden death (primary cause) with multiple sclerosis and obesity listed as secondary causes.\ud Interpretation:\ud The absence of evidence for neuroprotection in this adequately powered trial indicates that exclusively targeting these aspects of axonal pathobiology in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is insufficient to mitigate neuroaxonal loss. These findings argue for investigation of different mechanistic targets and future consideration of combination treatment trials. This trial provides a template for future simultaneous testing of multiple disease-modifying medicines in neurological medicine.\ud Funding:\ud Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme, an MRC and NIHR partnership, UK Multiple Sclerosis Society, and US National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

As a generalization of the concept of the partition dimension of a graph, this article introduces the notion of the $k$-partition dimension. Given a nontrivial connected graph $G=(V,E)$, a partition $\Pi$ of $V$ is said to be a $k$-partition generator for $G$ if any pair of different vertices $u,v\in V$ is distinguished by at least $k$ vertex sets of $\Pi$, \emph{i.e}., there exist at least $k$ vertex sets $S_1,\ldots,S_k\in\Pi$ such that $d(u,S_i)\ne d(v,S_i)$ for every $i\in\{1,\ldots,k\}$. A $k$-partition generator for $G$ with minimum cardinality among all their $k$-partition generators is called a $k$-partition basis of $G$ and its cardinality the $k$-partition dimension of $G$. A nontrivial connected graph $G$ is $k$-partition dimensional if $k$ is the largest integer such that $G$ has a $k$-partition basis. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph to be $r$-partition dimensional and we obtain several results on the $k$-partition dimension for $k\in\{1,\ldots,r\}$., Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures

The more language service companies (LSCs) include machine translation post-editing (MTPE) in their workflows, the more important it is to know how the PE task is performed, who the post-editors are, and what skills they should have. This research is designed to address such questions. It aims to deepen our knowledge of current practices to later create new training content and adapt existing training methodologies to different types of audiences. Based on the results of a survey of LSCs and other companies who currently use MTPE, we present a picture of evolving practices in the contemporary European MTPE market, and opinions held about this emerging métier. Our research finds that a high level of expertise in MTPE may not necessarily be indicative of the industry, and that the post-editor of MT has a multi- and transdisciplinary profile.

The broad accessibility of affordable and reliable recording equipment and its relative ease of use has enabled neuroscientists to record large amounts of neurophysiological and behavioral data. Given that most of this raw data is unlabeled, great effort is required to adapt it for behavioral phenotyping or signal extraction, for behavioral and neurophysiological data, respectively. Traditional methods for labeling datasets rely on human annotators which is a resource and time intensive process, which often produce data that that is prone to reproducibility errors. Here, we propose a deep learning-based image segmentation framework to automatically extract and label limb movements from movies capturing frontal and lateral views of head-fixed mice. The method decomposes the image into elemental regions (superpixels) with similar appearance and concordant dynamics and stacks them following their partial temporal trajectory. These 3D descriptors (referred as motion cues) are used to train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We use the features extracted at the last fully connected layer of the network for training a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network that introduces spatio-temporal coherence to the limb segmentation. We tested the pipeline in two video acquisition settings. In the first, the camera is installed on the right side of the mouse (lateral setting). In the second, the camera is installed facing the mouse directly (frontal setting). We also investigated the effect of the noise present in the videos and the amount of training data needed, and we found that reducing the number of training samples does not result in a drop of more than 5% in detection accuracy even when as little as 10% of the available data is used for training.

Collaborative design approaches have been increasingly adopted in the design of learning technologies since they contribute to develop pedagogically inclusive and appropriate learning designs. Despite the positive reception of collaborative design strategies in technology-enhanced learning, little attention has been dedicated to analyzing the challenges faced in design processes using a collaborative approach. In this paper, we disclose the collaborative design of a chatbot for self-regulated learning in higher education using an action research approach. We analyze the design process of EDUguia chatbot, which includes diverse evidence from questionnaires and workshops with students and lecturers, as well as intermediary design objects. Based on the qualitative analysis, we identify several challenges that are transversal to the co-design work, as well as specific to the design phases. We critically reflect on the strategies deployed to overcome these challenges and how they relate to decision-making processes, highlighting the need to make stakeholders' tacit knowledge explicit, cultivate trust-building and support democratic decision-making in technology design processes. We believe that the recommendations we present in this paper contribute to developing best practices in the collaborative design of chatbots for the self-regulation of learning, as well as learning technology in general.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-022-11162-w.