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9. Modulation of caseinate-stabilized model oil-in-water emulsions with soy lecithin

Author

Charmaine K.W. Koo, David Julian McClements, Alexander A. Sher, Cheryl Chung, Jun-Tse R. Fu, and Philippe Rousset

Subjects
SOY LECITHIN, food.ingredient, Food Handling, Chemistry, Sodium Caseinate, Caseins, Coffee, Lecithin, Oil in water, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Models, Chemical, Emulsifying Agents, Lecithins, Emulsion, Emulsions, Food science, Medium-chain triglyceride, Particle Size, Food Science
Abstract

Demands for plant-based food and beverage products have escalated in recent years. However, many commercial coffee creamers are still being made using dairy derivatives such as sodium caseinate. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the replacement of dairy based proteins with plant-based alternatives. This study was carried out to systematically investigate the properties of model O/W emulsions stabilized by either sodium caseinate (0.25 to 1.5%) or soy lecithin (0.5 to 1.5%). The model emulsions were made of 10% medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil-in-water emulsions at pH 7. All model O/W emulsions exhibited whitish appearances similar to that of commercial creamers and were effective at lightening black coffee, except those containing the lowest emulsifier concentrations i.e., 0.25% caseinate or 0.5% lecithin. The lightness of the model emulsions depended on the type and level of emulsifier used, with soy lecithin-stabilized emulsions having similar lightening power compare to that stabilized by sodium caseinate. No feathering or free oil were observed in the whitened coffees at the highest emulsifier level used. Mixtures of caseinate and lecithin emulsifiers were also used and model O/W emulsions with similar physical properties to that stabilized by sodium caseinate alone were produced. The mixed emulsifier-stabilized model emulsions had similar lightness when added to coffee than those stabilized by the individual emulsifiers, suggesting similar stabilization mechanisms using these emulsifiers alone or in combination.

Published
2019

12. Analysis of mitochondrial genome methylation using Nanopore single-molecule sequencing

Author

Susen Schaake, Lasse Sinkkonen, Tse R, Sandro L. Pereira, Lass J, Christine Klein, Lueth T, Joanne Trinh, and Gruenewald A

Subjects
Bisulfite, Nanopore, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mitochondrial DNA, chemistry, CpG site, DNA methylation, Computational biology, Methylation, Nanopore sequencing, Biology, DNA
Abstract

The level and the biological significance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation in human cells is a controversial topic. Using long-read third-generation sequencing technology, mtDNA methylation can be detected directly from the sequencing data, which overcomes previously suggested biases, introduced by bisulfite treatment-dependent methods. We investigated mtDNA from whole blood-derived DNA and established a workflow to detect CpG methylation with Nanopolish. In order to obtain native mtDNA, we adjusted a whole-genome sequencing protocol and performed ligation library preparation and Nanopore sequencing. To validate the workflow, 897bp of methylated and unmethylated synthetic DNA samples at different dilution ratios were sequenced and CpG methylation was detected. Interestingly, we observed that reads with higher methylation in the synthetic DNA did not pass Guppy calling, possibly affecting conclusions about DNA methylation in Nanopore sequencing. We detected in all blood-derived samples overall low-level methylation across the mitochondrial genome, with exceptions at certain CpG sites. Our results suggest that Nanopore sequencing is capable of detecting low-level mtDNA methylation. However, further refinement of the bioinformatical pipelines including Guppy failed reads are recommended.

Published
2021

14. 1850P Immune-related endocrine dysfunction in Chinese: A single tertiary centre experience

Author

Chan, W.W.L., primary, Ho, P., additional, Leung, O., additional, Lau, K.S., additional, Au, J., additional, Lam, V., additional, Ho, I., additional, Cheung, B., additional, Lam, E., additional, Wong, C., additional, Liu, R., additional, Tse, R., additional, Chow, D., additional, Tse, T., additional, Lam, K.O., additional, Lee, V.H.F., additional, and Choi, H.C.W., additional

Published
2020
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22. Using vitreous humour and cerebrospinal fluid electrolytes in estimating post-mortem interval - an exploratory study.

Author

Garland, Jack, Olds, Kelly, Rousseau, Guillaume, Palmiere, Cristian, Ondruschka, Benjamin, Kesha, K., Glenn, Charley, Morrow, P., Stables, S., and Tse, R.

Subjects
LINEAR statistical models, MULTIVARIATE analysis, ELECTROLYTES, VITREOUS body, UNIVARIATE analysis, LUMBAR puncture, CEREBROSPINAL fluid examination, CEREBROSPINAL fluid
Abstract

Many previous studies have investigated the use of post-mortem biochemistry to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). Vitreous humour (VH) potassium and sodium/chloride levels are well recognized to increase and decrease, respectively, in the post-mortem period but have limited ability in estimating PMI. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described to have different post-mortem biochemical properties than VH, but is not well studied in relation to estimating PMI. This exploratory study examined 20 paired cases of VH and CSF to investigate their use in estimating PMI. Linear univariate analysis showed Na+, Cl− and K+ in VH and CSF share similar trends, but only K+ in VH and CSF collected via lumbar puncture (LP) showed a significant regression coefficient (p < 0.01). In subsequent linear multivariate analysis, the coefficient for K+ in VH remained positive and significant but not for K+ in CSF. Only minor improvement was observed in the multivariate analysis. Our study showed changes in analytes in VH and CSF follow similar trends. K+ in VH is most accurate in estimating the PMI, with no significant improvement in accuracy when K+ in CSF is combined. Thus, the role of CSF electrolytes in estimating PMI may be very limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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23. Post-mortem biochemistry differences between vitreous humour and cerebrospinal fluid.

Author

Garland, J., Philcox, W., McCarthy, Sinead, Kesha, K., Lam, L., Spark, A., Palmiere, C., Elstub, H., Cala, A.D., Stables, S., and Tse, R.

Subjects
CEREBROSPINAL fluid, BIOCHEMISTRY, AUTOPSY, LUMBAR puncture, SAMPLING (Process), POTASSIUM
Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and vitreous humour (VH) can be biochemically analysed post-mortem. CSF can be aspirated from the ventricular system (VA) and from lumbar puncture (LP), whereas, VH is aspirated from the orbits. This study compared the biochemical constituents between CSF and VH in 20 post-mortem subjects as well as the effect post-mortem interval and subject age have on these variables. VH samples had significantly higher sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) and lower magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), urea (Ur) and creatinine (Cr) compared with CSF samples. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated with beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose levels in both VH and both CSF samples. Interestingly, some of the differences in the biochemical analysis correlated with age, but none with post-mortem interval. In addition to sampling and pre-analytical sample processing differences, there may also be ante- and post-mortem factors explaining these observations. This study suggests that post-mortem CSF and VH are biochemically different and reference ranges for VH are not recommended for use in CSF samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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24. Investigating tumour evolution in a single patient with disseminated cancer

Author

Robb, T., primary, Blenkiron, C., additional, Tsai, P., additional, Parker, K., additional, Drummond, A., additional, Black, M., additional, Gavryushkin, A., additional, Woodhouse, B., additional, Houseman, P., additional, Coats, E., additional, Shields, P., additional, Fitzgerald, S., additional, Wright, D., additional, Tse, R., additional, Kramer, N., additional, Barker, C., additional, Triggs, Y., additional, Stables, S., additional, Lawrence, B., additional, and Print, C., additional

Published
2018
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29. Global trends in suicide epidemiology

Author

Sinyor, M, Tse, R, Pirkis, J, Sinyor, M, Tse, R, and Pirkis, J

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Suicide is a major cause of mortality accounting for nearly 1 million deaths globally per year. Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan; therefore, large epidemiological samples are needed to identify patterns in suicide death. This review examines emerging evidence relating to risk and protective factors as well as preventive measures for suicide. RECENT FINDINGS: The global financial crisis, natural disasters, air pollution and second-hand smoke have all been associated with increased suicide rates. At an individual level, past self-harm, parental loss or separation and younger age relative to classmates all confer risk. There is mixed evidence for religious affiliation and lithium levels in drinking water as protective factors. Means restriction strategies including barriers at suicide hotspots, firearms restrictions and limiting access to both pesticides and charcoal have all prevented suicide. Other interventions with recent evidence include improvements in mental health systems, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and lithium treatment in youth and mental health awareness in schools. SUMMARY: The evidence for risk/protective factors for suicide continues to grow and, more importantly, numerous prevention efforts continue to demonstrate positive outcomes. Public policy experts should attend to the environmental and social determinants of health when devising suicide prevention programs, and the evidence-based prevention strategies identified here should be implemented more broadly.

Published
2017

30. Increased epicardial fat thickness in sudden death from stable coronary artery atherosclerosis

Author

Fuller, B, Garland, J, Anne, S, Beh, R, McNevin, D, Tse, R, Fuller, B, Garland, J, Anne, S, Beh, R, McNevin, D, and Tse, R

Abstract

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Background: Sudden death from stable coronary artery atherosclerosis (SCAA) is well recognized. However, individuals can have ischemic heart disease or coronary artery atherosclerosis but die of noncardiac causes. Recently, it has been recognized that increased epicardial fat is detrimental to normal heart function. We hypothesize that individuals who die of SCAA have increased epicardial fat. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an increase in epicardial fat in individuals who suddenly died of SCAA. Methods: This was a 1-year retrospective study comparing the average epicardial fat thickness using postmortem computed tomography scan between individuals who suddenly died of SCAA (SCAA group) with individuals who primarily died of natural noncardiac causes but had established ischemic heart disease or significant coronary artery atherosclerosis (NCC group). Results: Average epicardial fat thickness was significantly higher in the SCAA group (8 ± 2 mm) than in the NCC group (6 ± 2 mm, P = 0.008). Conclusions: Individuals who die of SCAA appear to have higher epicardial fat thickness. The increase in epicardial fat may have an additional detrimental effect to the heart predisposing sudden death in individuals with coronary artery atherosclerosis.

Published
2017

34. Do delays in radiology lead to breaches in the 4-hour rule?

Author

Tse, R, Thompson, N, Moscova, Michelle, Sindhusake, Doungkamol, Shetty, A, Young, Noel, Tse, R, Thompson, N, Moscova, Michelle, Sindhusake, Doungkamol, Shetty, A, and Young, Noel

Abstract

Aim To assess trends in medical imaging requests before and after the 4-hour rule commenced and to assess the imaging time component of emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS). Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of ED patients and imaging requests 1 year prior to and 3 years after implementation of the 4-hour rule (April to December for 2011-2014) was performed at a single adult tertiary referral Level 1 trauma hospital with Level 6 ED. Logistic regression was used to evaluate trends in the number of ED patient presentations, patient triage categories, and imaging requests for these patients. The imaging component of the total ED LOS was compared for patients who met the 4-hour target and patients who did not. Results Compared to 2011 (before the 4-hour rule), ED presentations increased 4.74% in 2012, 12.7% in 2013, 21.28% in 2014 (p<0.01). Total imaging requests increased 23.05% in 2012, 48.04% in 2013, 60.77% in 2014 (p<0.01). For patients breaching the 4-hour rule, the mean time before radiology request was 2.4-2.8 hours; mean time from imaging request to completion was 1.2-1.3 hours; mean time from imaging completion to discharge from ED was the longest component of ED LOS (4.9-5.9 hours). Conclusions There has been a significant increase in imaging requests, with a trend towards more CT and less radiography requests. Imaging requests for patients who breached the 4-hour target were made on average 2.4-2.8 hours after triage and average time after imaging in itself, exceeded 4 hours. Imaging is not likely a causative factor for patients breaching the 4-hour target.

Published
2016

35. SU-F-J-136: Impact of Audiovisual Biofeedback On Interfraction Motion Over a Course of Liver Cancer Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Author

Pollock, S, primary, Tse, R, additional, Martin, D, additional, McLean, L, additional, Pham, M, additional, Tait, D, additional, Estoesta, R, additional, Whittington, G, additional, Turley, J, additional, Kearney, C, additional, Cho, G, additional, Hill, R, additional, Pickard, S, additional, Aston, P, additional, Makhija, K, additional, O'Brien, R, additional, and Keall, P, additional

Published
2016
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36. EP-1742: The first clinical implementation of audiovisual biofeedback in liver cancer SBRT

Author

Pollock, S., primary, Tse, R., additional, Martin, D., additional, McLean, L., additional, Pham, M., additional, Tait, D., additional, Estoesta, P., additional, Whittington, G., additional, Turley, J., additional, Kearney, C., additional, Cho, G., additional, Hill, R., additional, Pickard, S., additional, Aston, P., additional, Makhija, K., additional, O'Brien, R., additional, and Keall, P., additional

Published
2016
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40. Machine learning-driven credit risk: a systemic review

Author

Si Shi, Rita Tse, Wuman Luo, Stefano D’Addona, Giovanni Pau, Shi S., Tse R., Luo W., D'Addona S., Pau G., Shi, S., Tse, R., Luo, W., D'Addona, S., and Pau, G.

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning, Credit risk, Statistical learning, Software
Abstract

Credit risk assessment is at the core of modern economies. Traditionally, it is measured by statistical methods and manual auditing. Recent advances in financial artificial intelligence stemmed from a new wave of machine learning (ML)-driven credit risk models that gained tremendous attention from both industry and academia. In this paper, we systematically review a series of major research contributions (76 papers) over the past eight years using statistical, machine learning and deep learning techniques to address the problems of credit risk. Specifically, we propose a novel classification methodology for ML-driven credit risk algorithms and their performance ranking using public datasets. We further discuss the challenges including data imbalance, dataset inconsistency, model transparency, and inadequate utilization of deep learning models. The results of our review show that: 1) most deep learning models outperform classic machine learning and statistical algorithms in credit risk estimation, and 2) ensemble methods provide higher accuracy compared with single models. Finally, we present summary tables in terms of datasets and proposed models.

Published
2022

43. Mobility costs and income distribution

Author

Colletis, Gabriel, Piluso, Nicolas, Blanchet, Adrien, Badra, Mehdi, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux (LEREPS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Factors of production, Income, Mobility costs, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Regulation
Abstract

International audience; This article presents a model for income distribution among factors of production in the context of a globalised economy. Previous models are most often static and do not take into account the geographical location of the factors of production nor the mobility costs that result. We have created a dynamic Nash bargaining model that integratesthe geographical distance between companies and the mobility costs for each production factor. The main result of this model is that income distribution closely depends on mobility costs: production factors with low mobility costs are those whose incomes increase most rapidly.

Published
2023

44. Who gets injured at home? Evidence from older people in France

Author

Liliane Bonnal, Greivis Buitrago Gámez, Pascal Favard, Cornel Oros, Centre de recherche sur l'intégration économique et financière (CRIEF), Université de Poitiers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de recherche juridique interdisciplinaire (IRJI), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] (LEO), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods, Health problems, Economics and Econometrics, Home and leisure injuries, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions, Olderpeople, Logit models, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I0 - General, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

International audience; The study analyses unintentional home and leisure injuries (HLIs) for the French senior population using data from the 2012 wave of the French health, health care and insurance survey. The results of our logit models reveal that health status, age, and risky attitudes are the main characteristics associated with HLIs for older people. When the severity of injuries is taken into consideration, the highest exposure to HLIs concerns the oldest seniors, aged 85 years old or older, with deteriorated health. This result is confirmed in the case of severe indoor HLIs, whereas for severe outdoor injuries, the most vulnerable individuals seem to be younger seniors, that is, 75–79 years old. Moreover, our findings suggest that HLIs, and mainly severe home HLIs, generate a short-term influence on a person's health.

Published
2022

45. On the convergence of global-optimization fraudulent stochastic algorithms

Author

Miclo, Laurent, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AFOSR-22IOE016, and ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017)

Subjects
Stochastic algorithms, Morse functions, Diffusion processes on Riemannian manifolds, Global optimization, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Almost sure convergence, Bessel processes, MSC2020: primary: 60J60, secondary: 58J65, 90C26, 65C05, 60F15, 60J35, 35K10
Abstract

We introduce and analyse the almost sure convergence of a new stochastic algorithm for the global minimization of Morse functions on compact Riemannian manifolds. This diffusion process is called fraudulent because it requires the knowledge of minimal value of the function. Its investigation is nevertheless important, since in particular it appears as the limit behavior of non-fraudulent and time-inhomogeneous swarm mean-field algorithms used in global optimization.

Published
2023

46. On damped second-order gradient systems

Author

Jendoubi, Mohamed Ali, Bégout, Pascal, Bolte, Jérôme, Jendoubi, Mohamed, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TSE-R, Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Faculté des sciences de Bizerte (Département de Mathématiques), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bégout, Pascal, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF (FA9550-14-1-0056), FMJH Program Gaspard Monge in optimization and operations research, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 ( IMT ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-PRES Université de Toulouse-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GREMAQ, Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative ( GREMAQ ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Faculté des sciences de Bizerte ( Département de Mathématiques )

Subjects
[ MATH ] Mathematics [math], Pure mathematics, gradient systems, inertial systems, Kurdyka-{\L}ojasiewicz inequality, dissipative dynamical systems, global convergence, Second order systems, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Gradient system, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Equations aux dérivées partielles, Nabla symbol, Total energy, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Analysis of PDEs, G- MATHEMATIQUES, 35B40, 34D05, 37N40, Mathématiques, Norm (mathematics), Dissipative dynamical systems, Convex function, Analysis, Inertial systems, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract

Using small deformations of the total energy, as introduced in \cite{MR1616968}, we establish that damped second order gradient systems \begin{gather*} u^\pp(t)+\gamma u^\p(t)+\nabla G(u(t))=0, \end{gather*} may be viewed as quasi-gradient systems. In order to study the asymptotic behavior of these systems, we prove that any (nontrivial) desingularizing function appearing in KL inequality satisfies $\vphi(s)\ge c\sqrt s$ whenever the original function is definable and $C^2.$ Variants to this result are given. These facts are used in turn to prove that a desingularizing function of the potential $G$ also desingularizes the total energy and its deformed versions. Our approach brings forward several results interesting for their own sake: we provide an asymptotic alternative for quasi-gradient systems, either a trajectory converges, or its norm tends to infinity. The convergence rates are also analyzed by an original method based on a one-dimensional worst-case gradient system. We conclude by establishing the convergence of solutions of damped second order systems in various cases including the definable case. The real-analytic case is recovered and some results concerning convex functions are also derived.

Published
2015

47. Using Data from job seekers, job offers and past hirings to learn a Job Recommender System: the VADORE Project

Author

Bied, Guillaume, Nathan, Solal, Perennes, Elia, Gaillac, Christophe, Caillou, Philippe, Crépon, Bruno, Sebag, Michèle, Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle emploi (France), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; The Vador Project started in 2018 between the French Public Employment Service Pole Emploi, computer scientists from Paris Saclay and economist from CREST. The project aims to learn a new recommender system from past hirings and job seekers and offers data. We will present both the past, current and futur research and technical challenges faced by the projects and its contributions.

Published
2023

48. Gender fairness in job recommendation: a case study

Author

Bied, Guillaume, Gaillac, Christophe, Hoffmann, Morgane, Nathan, Solal, Caillou, Philippe, Crépon, Bruno, Sebag, Michèle, Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; Algorithmic recommendations of job ads to job seekers promise to alleviate frictional unemployment, but raise fairness considerations due to biases in training data. This paper strives to discuss the issue of algorithmic fairness, with a focus on gender, in a hybrid job recommender system trained on past hires developed in partnership with the French Public Employment Service.

Published
2023

49. When Nudges backfire : Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment to Boost Biological Pest Control

Author

Chabé-Ferret, Sylvain, Le Coent, Philippe, Lefebvre, Caroline, Préget, Raphaële, Salanié, François, Julie, Subervie, Thoyer, Sophie, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Advanced Studies, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Nudges, Behavioral Economics, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D90 - General, Pesticides, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q58 - Government Policy, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q25 - Water, Government Policy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Nudges are increasingly used to alter the behavior of economic agents as an alternative to monetary incentives. However, little is known as to whether nudges can backfire, that is, how and when they may generate effects opposite to those they intend to achieve. We provide the first field evidence of a nudge that is designed to encourage pro-environmental behavior, which instead backfires. We randomly allocate a social comparison nudge inviting winegrowers to adopt biological pest control as an alternative to chemical pesticide use. We find that our nudge decreases by half the adoption of biological pest control among the largest vineyards, where the bulk of adoption occurs. We show that this result can be rationalized in an economic model where winegrowers and winegrower-cooperative managers bargain over future rents generated by the adoption of biological pest control. This study highlights the importance of experimenting on a small scale with nudges aimed at encouraging adoption of virtuous behaviors in order to detect unexpected adverse effects, particularly in contexts where negotiations on the sharing of the costs of adoption are likely to occur.

Published
2023

50. Risk-sharing and optimal contracts with large exogenous risks

Author

Villeneuve, Stéphane, Martin, Jessica, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Shutdown risk, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C61 - Optimization Techniques • Programming Models • Dynamic Analysis, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory, Principal-Agent problems, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, Hamilton-Jacobi Bellman equations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Finance
Abstract

National audience; What type of delegation contract should be offered when facing a risk of the magnitude of the pandemic we are currently experiencing and how does the likelihood of an exogenous early termination of the relationship modify the terms of a full-commitment contract? We study these questions by considering a dynamic principal-agent model that naturally extends the classical Holmström-Milgrom setting to include a risk of shutdown before the maturity of the contract. We obtain an explicit characterization of the optimal wage along with the optimal action provided by the agent when the shutdown risk is independent of the inherent agency problem. The optimal contract is linear by offering both a fixed share of the output which is similar to the standard shutdown-free Holmström Milgrom model and a linear prevention mechanism that is proportional to the random lifetime of the contract. We then extend the model in two directions. We first allow the agent to control the intensity of the shutdown risk. We also consider a structural agency model where the shutdown risk materializes when the state process hits zero.

Published
2023

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