160 results on '"Truman, R."'
Search Results
2. The timing of transcranial magnetic stimulation relative to the phase of prefrontal alpha EEG modulates downstream target engagement
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Spiro P. Pantazatos, James R. Mclntosh, Golbarg T. Saber, Xiaoxiao Sun, Jayce Doose, Josef Faller, Yida Lin, Joshua B. Teves, Aidan Blankenship, Sarah Huffman, Robin I. Goldman, Mark S. George, Paul Sajda, and Truman R. Brown
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Neurostimulation ,DCM ,Dynamic causal modeling ,Target engagement ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Electroencephalogram ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: The communication through coherence model posits that brain rhythms are synchronized across different frequency bands and that effective connectivity strength between interacting regions depends on their phase relation. Evidence to support the model comes mostly from electrophysiological recordings in animals while evidence from human data is limited. Methods: Here, an fMRI-EEG-TMS (fET) instrument capable of acquiring simultaneous fMRI and EEG during noninvasive single pulse TMS applied to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was used to test whether prefrontal EEG alpha phase moderates TMS-evoked top-down influences on subgenual, rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Six runs (276 total trials) were acquired in each participant. Phase at each TMS pulse was determined post-hoc using single-trial sorting. Results were examined in two independent datasets: healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 11) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 17) collected as part of an ongoing clinical trial. Results: In both groups, TMS-evoked functional connectivity between DLPFC and subgenual ACC (sgACC) depended on the EEG alpha phase. TMS-evoked DLPFC to sgACC fMRI-derived effective connectivity (EC) was modulated by EEG alpha phase in healthy volunteers, but not in the MDD patients. Top-down EC was inhibitory for TMS pulses during the upward slope of the alpha wave relative to TMS timed to the downward slope of the alpha wave. Prefrontal EEG alpha phase dependent effects on TMS-evoked fMRI BOLD activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex were detected in the MDD patient group, but not in the healthy volunteer group. Discussion: Results demonstrate that TMS-evoked top-down influences vary as a function of the prefrontal alpha rhythm, and suggest potential clinical applications whereby TMS is synchronized to the brain's internal rhythms in order to more efficiently engage deep therapeutic targets.
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- 2023
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3. EEG synchronized left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treatment resistant depression is feasible and produces an entrainment dependent clinical response: A randomized controlled double blind clinical trial
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George, Mark S., Huffman, Sarah, Doose, Jayce, Sun, Xiaoxiao, Dancy, Morgan, Faller, Josef, Li, Xingbao, Yuan, Han, Goldman, Robin I., Sajda, Paul, and Brown, Truman R.
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- 2023
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4. The timing of transcranial magnetic stimulation relative to the phase of prefrontal alpha EEG modulates downstream target engagement
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Pantazatos, Spiro P., Mclntosh, James R., Saber, Golbarg T., Sun, Xiaoxiao, Doose, Jayce, Faller, Josef, Lin, Yida, Teves, Joshua B., Blankenship, Aidan, Huffman, Sarah, Goldman, Robin I., George, Mark S., Sajda, Paul, and Brown, Truman R.
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- 2023
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5. Daily prefrontal closed-loop repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) produces progressive EEG quasi-alpha phase entrainment in depressed adults
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Josef Faller, Jayce Doose, Xiaoxiao Sun, James R. Mclntosh, Golbarg T. Saber, Yida Lin, Joshua B. Teves, Aidan Blankenship, Sarah Huffman, Robin I. Goldman, Mark S. George, Truman R. Brown, and Paul Sajda
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Closed-loop neurostimulation ,Electroencephalography (EEG) ,Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) ,Inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) ,Major depressive disorder (MDD) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation modality that can treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or help smoking cessation. Research suggests that timing the delivery of TMS relative to an endogenous brain state may affect efficacy and short-term brain dynamics. Objective: To investigate whether, for a multi-week daily treatment of repetitive TMS (rTMS), there is an effect on brain dynamics that depends on the timing of the TMS relative to individuals’ prefrontal EEG quasi-alpha rhythm (between 6 and 13 Hz). Method: We developed a novel closed-loop system that delivers personalized EEG-triggered rTMS to patients undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder. In a double blind study, patients received daily treatments of rTMS over a period of six weeks and were randomly assigned to either a synchronized or unsynchronized treatment group, where synchronization of rTMS was to their prefrontal EEG quasi-alpha rhythm. Results: When rTMS is applied over the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and synchronized to the patient's prefrontal quasi-alpha rhythm, patients develop strong phase entrainment over a period of weeks, both over the stimulation site as well as in a subset of areas distal to the stimulation site. In addition, at the end of the course of treatment, this group's entrainment phase shifts to be closer to the phase that optimally engages the distal target, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These entrainment effects are not observed in the group that is given rTMS without initial EEG synchronization of each TMS train. Conclusions: The entrainment effects build over the course of days/weeks, suggesting that these effects engage neuroplastic changes which may have clinical consequences in depression or other diseases.
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- 2022
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6. The relationship between motor pathway damage and flexion-extension patterns of muscle co-excitation during walking
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Shraddha Srivastava, Bryant A. Seamon, Barbara K. Marebwa, Janina Wilmskoetter, Mark G. Bowden, Chris M. Gregory, Na Jin Seo, Colleen A. Hanlon, Leonardo Bonilha, Truman R. Brown, Richard R. Neptune, and Steven A. Kautz
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stroke ,gait ,corticospinal tract (CST) ,corticoreticular pathways (CRP) ,EMG ,muscle modules ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
BackgroundMass flexion-extension co-excitation patterns during walking are often seen as a consequence of stroke, but there is limited understanding of the specific contributions of different descending motor pathways toward their control. The corticospinal tract is a major descending motor pathway influencing the production of normal sequential muscle coactivation patterns for skilled movements. However, control of walking is also influenced by non-corticospinal pathways such as the corticoreticulospinal pathway that possibly contribute toward mass flexion-extension co-excitation patterns during walking. The current study sought to investigate the associations between damage to corticospinal (CST) and corticoreticular (CRP) motor pathways following stroke and the presence of mass flexion-extension patterns during walking as evaluated using module analysis.MethodsSeventeen healthy controls and 44 stroke survivors were included in the study. We used non-negative matrix factorization for module analysis of paretic leg electromyographic activity. We typically have observed four modules during walking in healthy individuals. Stroke survivors often have less independently timed modules, for example two-modules presented as mass flexion-extension pattern. We used diffusion tensor imaging-based analysis where streamlines connecting regions of interest between the cortex and brainstem were computed to evaluate CST and CRP integrity. We also used a coarse classification tree analysis to evaluate the relative CST and CRP contribution toward module control.ResultsInterhemispheric CST asymmetry was associated with worse lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score (p = 0.023), propulsion symmetry (p = 0.016), and fewer modules (p = 0.028). Interhemispheric CRP asymmetry was associated with worse lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score (p = 0.009), Dynamic gait index (p = 0.035), Six-minute walk test (p = 0.020), Berg balance scale (p = 0.048), self-selected walking speed (p = 0.041), and propulsion symmetry (p = 0.001). The classification tree model reveled that substantial ipsilesional CRP or CST damage leads to a two-module pattern and poor walking ability with a trend toward increased compensatory contralesional CRP based control.ConclusionBoth CST and CRP are involved with control of modules during walking and damage to both may lead to greater reliance on the contralesional CRP, which may contribute to a two-module pattern and be associated with worse walking performance.
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- 2022
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7. Longitudinal change in ventricular volume is accelerated in astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight
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Roberts, Donna R., Inglesby, Dani C., Brown, Truman R., Collins, Heather R., Eckert, Mark A., and Asemani, Davud
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- 2021
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8. An EEG-fMRI-TMS instrument to investigate BOLD response to EEG guided stimulation.
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Josef Faller, Yida Lin, Jayce Doose, Golbarg T. Saber, James R. McIntosh, Joshua B. Teves, Robin I. Goldman, Mark S. George, Paul Sajda, and Truman R. Brown
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- 2019
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9. N-acetylcysteine mitigates acute opioid withdrawal behaviors and CNS oxidative stress in neonatal rats
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Ward, Price, Moss, Hunter G., Brown, Truman R., Kalivas, Peter, and Jenkins, Dorothea D.
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- 2020
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10. A multimodal encoding model applied to imaging decision-related neural cascades in the human brain
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Muraskin, Jordan, Brown, Truman R., Walz, Jennifer M., Tu, Tao, Conroy, Bryan, Goldman, Robin I., and Sajda, Paul
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- 2018
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11. Single pulse TMS to the DLPFC, compared to a matched sham control, induces a direct, causal increase in caudate, cingulate, and thalamic BOLD signal
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Dowdle, Logan T., Brown, Truman R., George, Mark S., and Hanlon, Colleen A.
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- 2018
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12. Longitudinal change in ventricular volume is accelerated in astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight
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Donna R. Roberts, Dani C. Inglesby, Truman R. Brown, Heather R. Collins, Mark A. Eckert, and Davud Asemani
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Spaceflight ,Cerebral ventricles ,Normal aging ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
An 11–25% increase in total ventricular volume has been documented in astronauts following spaceflight on the ISS. Given the approximately 2-year time interval between pre- and post-flight MRI, it is unknown if ventricular enlargement simply reflects normal aging or is unique to spaceflight exposure. Therefore, we compared percent ventricular volume change per year (PVVC/yr) documented on pre- to post-flight MRI in a group of NASA ISS astronauts (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 48.43 (4.35) years) with two groups who underwent longitudinal MRI: (1.) healthy age- and sex-matched adults (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 51.26 (3.88) years), and (2.) healthy older adults (n = 79, 16.5% women, mean age (SD) 73.26 (5.34) years). The astronauts, who underwent a mean (SD) 173.4 (51.3) days in spaceflight, showed a greater increase in PVVC/yr than the control (6.86 vs 2.23%, respectively, p
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- 2021
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13. A multimodal encoding model applied to imaging decision-related neural cascades in the human brain.
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Jordan Muraskin, Truman R. Brown, Jennifer M. Walz, Tao Tu, Bryan R. Conroy, Robin I. Goldman, and Paul Sajda
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- 2018
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14. NAC and Vitamin D Improve CNS and Plasma Oxidative Stress in Neonatal HIE and Are Associated with Favorable Long-Term Outcomes
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Dorothea D Jenkins, Hunter G Moss, Truman R Brown, Milad Yazdani, Sudhin Thayyil, Paolo Montaldo, Maximo Vento, Julia Kuligowski, Carol Wagner, Bruce W Hollis, and Donald B Wiest
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N-acetylcysteine ,vitamin D ,neonatal HIE ,oxidative stress ,MRS ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin D provide effective neuroprotection in animal models of severe or inflammation-sensitized hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). To translate these FDA-approved drugs to HIE neonates, we conducted an early phase, open-label trial of 10 days of NAC (25, 40 mg/kg q12h) + 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol 0.05 mg/kg q12h, 0.03 mg/kg q24h), (NVD), for pharmacokinetic (PK) estimates during therapeutic hypothermia and normothermia. We paired PK samples with pharmacodynamic (PD) targets of plasma isoprostanoids, CNS glutathione (GSH) and total creatine (tCr) by serial MRS in basal ganglia (BG) before and after NVD infusion at five days. Infants had moderate (n = 14) or severe HIE (n = 16), funisitis (32%), and vitamin D deficiency (75%). NVD resulted in rapid, dose-responsive increases in CNS GSH and tCr that correlated positively with plasma [NAC], inversely with plasma isofurans, and was greater in infants with lower baseline [GSH] and [tCr], suggesting increases in these PD markers were titrated by neural demand. Hypothermia and normothermia altered NAC PK estimates. NVD was well tolerated. Excluding genetic syndromes (2), prolonged ECMO (2), lost-to-follow-up (1) and SIDS death (1), 24 NVD treated HIE infants have no evidence of cerebral palsy, autism or cognitive delay at 24–48 months. These data confirm that low, safe doses of NVD in HIE neonates decreased oxidative stress in plasma and CNS, improved CNS energetics, and are associated with favorable developmental outcomes at two to four years.
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- 2021
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15. Fetal and Neonatal Effects of N-Acetylcysteine When Used for Neuroprotection in Maternal Chorioamnionitis
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Jenkins, Dorothea D., Wiest, Donald B., Mulvihill, Denise M., Hlavacek, Anthony M., Majstoravich, Sarah J., Brown, Truman R., Taylor, Joseph J., Buckley, Jason R., Turner, Robert P., Rollins, Laura Grace, Bentzley, Jessica P., Hope, Kathryn E., Barbour, Andrew B., Lowe, Danielle W., Martin, Renee H., and Chang, Eugene Y.
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- 2016
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16. Prestimulus EEG alpha oscillations modulate task-related fMRI BOLD responses to auditory stimuli.
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Jennifer M. Walz, Robin I. Goldman, Michael Carapezza, Jordan Muraskin, Truman R. Brown, and Paul Sajda
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- 2015
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17. The relationship between motor pathway damage and flexion-extension patterns of muscle co-excitation during walking
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Srivastava, Shraddha, primary, Seamon, Bryant A., additional, Marebwa, Barbara K., additional, Wilmskoetter, Janina, additional, Bowden, Mark G., additional, Gregory, Chris M., additional, Seo, Na Jin, additional, Hanlon, Colleen A., additional, Bonilha, Leonardo, additional, Brown, Truman R., additional, Neptune, Richard R., additional, and Kautz, Steven A., additional
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- 2022
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18. N-Acetylcysteine rapidly replenishes central nervous system glutathione measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
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Moss, Hunter G, Brown, Truman R, Wiest, Donald B, and Jenkins, Dorothea D
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- 2018
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19. Development of a high resolution MRI intracranial atherosclerosis imaging phantom
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Chueh, Ju-Yu, van der Marel, Kajo, Gounis, Matthew J, LeMatty, Todd, Brown, Truman R, Ansari, Sameer A, Carroll, Timothy J, Buck, Amanda K, Zhou, Xiaohong Joe, Chatterjee, A Rano, King, Robert M, Mao, Hui, Zheng, Shaokuan, Brooks, Olivia W, Rappleye, Jeff W, Swartz, Richard H, Feldmann, Edward, and Turan, Tanya N
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- 2018
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20. Functional and effective connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex depends on the timing of transcranial magnetic stimulation relative to the phase of prefrontal alpha EEG
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Spiro P. Pantazatos, James R. Mclntosh, Golbarg T. Saber, Xiaoxiao Sun, Jayce Doose, Josef Faller, Yida Lin, Joshua B. Teves, Aidan Blankenship, Sarah Huffman, Robin I. Goldman, Mark S. George, Paul Sajda, and Truman R. Brown
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nervous system ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe communication through coherence model posits that brain rhythms are synchronized across different frequency bands and that effective connectivity strength between interacting regions depends on their phase relation. Evidence to support the model comes mostly from electrophysiological recordings in animals while evidence from human data is limited.METHODSHere, an fMRI-EEG-TMS (fET) instrument capable of acquiring simultaneous fMRI and EEG during noninvasive single pulse TMS applied to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was used to test whether prefrontal EEG alpha phase moderates TMS-evoked top-down influences on subgenual, rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Results in healthy volunteers (n=11) were compared to those from patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=17) collected as part of a ongoing clinical trial investigation.RESULTSIn both groups, TMS-evoked functional connectivity between DLPFC and subgenual ACC (sgACC) depended on the EEG alpha phase. TMS-evoked DLPFC to sgACC effective connectivity (EC) was moderated by EEG alpha phase in healthy volunteers, but not in the MDD patients. Top-down EC was inhibitory for TMS onsets during the upward slope of the alpha wave relative to TMS timed to the downward slope of the alpha wave. Prefrontal EEG alpha phase dependent effects on TMS-evoked fMRI BOLD activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex were detected in the MDD patient group, but not in the healthy volunteer group.DISCUSSIONResults demonstrate that TMS-evoked top-down influences vary as a function of the prefrontal alpha rhythm, and suggest clinical applications whereby TMS is synchronized to the brain’s internal rhythms in order to more efficiently engage deep therapeutic targets.
- Published
- 2022
21. Daily prefrontal closed-loop repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) produces progressive EEG quasi-alpha phase entrainment in depressed adults
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Faller, Josef, primary, Doose, Jayce, additional, Sun, Xiaoxiao, additional, Mclntosh, James R., additional, Saber, Golbarg T., additional, Lin, Yida, additional, Teves, Joshua B., additional, Blankenship, Aidan, additional, Huffman, Sarah, additional, Goldman, Robin I., additional, George, Mark S., additional, Brown, Truman R., additional, and Sajda, Paul, additional
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- 2022
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22. Cerebral Microbleeds, Vascular Risk Factors, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers: The Northern Manhattan Study
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Michelle R. Caunca, Victor Del Brutto, Hannah Gardener, Nirav Shah, Nelly Dequatre‐Ponchelle, Ying Kuen Cheung, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Truman R. Brown, Charlotte Cordonnier, Ralph L. Sacco, and Clinton B. Wright
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cerebral microbleed ,magnetic resonance imaging ,risk factor ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent intracerebral hemorrhages due to amyloid angiopathy or exposure to modifiable risk factors. Few community‐based stroke‐free studies including blacks and Hispanics have been done. Methods and Results The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) is a stroke‐free, racially and ethnically diverse cohort study. Brain MRI was performed in 1290 participants, 925 of whom had available T2* gradient‐recall echo data. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of sociodemographics, vascular risk factors, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and brain MRI markers with CMB presence and location. The prevalence of CMBs in our cohort was 5%. Of the 46 participants with CMBs, 37% had only deep CMBs, 48% had only lobar CMBs, and 15% had CMBs in both locations. The difference in CMB distribution was not statistically significant across race/ethnic group or APOE genotype. In multivariable analyses, age (OR [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.04, 1.15]) and SBIs (2.58 [1.01, 6.59]) were positively associated with CMB presence, and diabetes medication use was negatively associated (0.25 [0.07, 0.86]). Conclusions CMBs may represent the severity of vascular disease in this racially and ethnically diverse cohort. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the association between diabetes medication use and CMB presence.
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- 2016
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23. N-acetylcysteine mitigates acute opioid withdrawal behaviors and CNS oxidative stress in neonatal rats
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Price Ward, Dorothea Jenkins, Truman R. Brown, Hunter G. Moss, and Peter W. Kalivas
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Central Nervous System ,Osmosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glutamic Acid ,(+)-Naloxone ,medicine.disease_cause ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Acetylcysteine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurochemical ,Pregnancy ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Saline ,Behavior, Animal ,Naloxone ,business.industry ,Glutamate receptor ,Glutathione ,Basic Science Article ,Rats ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Oxidative Stress ,Endocrinology ,Animals, Newborn ,chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Female ,business ,Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug ,Methadone - Abstract
Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a significant problem. Opioid withdrawal induces oxidative stress and disrupts glutamate and glutathione homeostasis. We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered during acute opioid withdrawal in neonatal rats would decrease withdrawal behaviors and normalize CNS glutathione and glutamate. Methods Osmotic minipumps with methadone (opioid dependent, OD) and saline (Sham) were implanted into Sprague Dawley dams 7 days prior to delivery. Pups were randomized to receive either naloxone plus saline or NAC (50–100 mg/kg), administered on postnatal day (PND) 7. We performed MR spectroscopy on PND6–7 before, 30 min, and 120 min after withdrawal. On PND7, we assessed withdrawal behaviors for 90 min after naloxone administration and summed scores during peak withdrawal period. Results Mean summed behavioral scores were significantly different between groups (χ2 (2) = 10.49, p = 0.005) but not different between NAC/NAL/OD and Sham (p = 0.14): SAL/NAL/OD = 17.2 ± 4.2 (n = 10); NAC/NAL/OD = 11.3 ± 5.6 (n = 9); Sham = 6.5 ± 0.6 (n = 4). SAL/NAL/OD pups had decreased glutathione at 120 min (p = 0.01), while NAC/NAL/OD pups maintained pre-withdrawal glutathione (p = 0.26). Conclusion In antenatal OD, NAC maintains CNS glutathione and mitigates acute opioid withdrawal in neonatal rats. This is the first study to demonstrate acute opioid withdrawal neurochemical changes in vivo in neonatal OD. NAC is a potential novel treatment for NAS.
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- 2020
24. Afro-Fabulations: The Queer Drama of Black Life . Tavia Nyong'o . New York: New York University Press, 2019; pp. xi + 265, $29.00 paper, $89.00 hardback.
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Keys, Truman R.
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- 2020
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25. Associations Between Recent Heavy Drinking and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate N-Acetylaspartate and Glutamate Concentrations in Non-Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Dependence
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Prisciandaro, James J., Schacht, Joseph P., Prescot, Andrew P., Renshaw, Perry F., Brown, Truman R., and Anton, Raymond F.
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- 2016
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26. Animal models for leprosy research.
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Adams, L. B., primary, Pena, M. T., additional, Sharma, R., additional, Lahiri, R., additional, and Truman, R. W., additional
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- 2015
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27. Effects of Gabapentin on Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex GABA and Glutamate Levels and Their Associations With Abstinence in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Prisciandaro, James J., primary, Hoffman, Michaela, additional, Brown, Truman R., additional, Voronin, Konstantin, additional, Book, Sarah, additional, Bristol, Emily, additional, and Anton, Raymond F., additional
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- 2021
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28. NAC and Vitamin D Improve CNS and Plasma Oxidative Stress in Neonatal HIE and Are Associated with Favorable Long-Term Outcomes
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Jenkins, Dorothea D, primary, Moss, Hunter G, additional, Brown, Truman R, additional, Yazdani, Milad, additional, Thayyil, Sudhin, additional, Montaldo, Paolo, additional, Vento, Maximo, additional, Kuligowski, Julia, additional, Wagner, Carol, additional, Hollis, Bruce W, additional, and Wiest, Donald B, additional
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- 2021
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29. Evidence for a unique association between fronto-cortical glycine levels and recent heavy drinking in treatment naïve individuals with alcohol use disorder
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James J. Prisciandaro, Joseph P. Schacht, Andrew P. Prescot, Raymond F. Anton, Helena M. Brenner, Truman R. Brown, and Perry F. Renshaw
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Glycine ,Glutamic Acid ,Alcohol use disorder ,Article ,Binge Drinking ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Association (psychology) ,Glycine receptor ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,media_common ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Addiction ,Glutamate receptor ,Timeline Followback Method ,medicine.disease ,Frontal Lobe ,Alcoholism ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Although the neurotransmitters/modulators glutamate and, more recently, glycine have been implicated in the development and maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in preclinical research, human proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) studies have focused solely on the measurement of glutamate. The purpose of the present analysis was to examine the relative associations of brain glutamate and glycine levels with recent heavy drinking in 41 treatment naïve individuals with AUD using (1)H-MRS. The present study is the first that we are aware of to report in vivo brain glycine levels from an investigation of addiction. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) glutamate and glycine concentration estimates were obtained using Two-Dimensional J-Resolved Point Resolved Spectroscopy at 3 Tesla, and past 2-week summary estimates of alcohol consumption were assessed via the Timeline Followback method. Glutamate (β= −0.44, t= −3.09, p= 0.004) and glycine (β= −0.68, t= −5.72, p< 0.001) were each significantly, inversely associated with number of heavy drinking days when considered alone. However, when both variables were simultaneously entered into a single regression model, the effect of glutamate was no longer significant (β= −0.11, t= −0.81, p= 0.42) whereas the effect of glycine remained significant (β= −0.62, t= −4.38, p< 0.001). The present study extends the literature by demonstrating a unique, inverse association of brain glycine levels with recent heavy drinking in treatment naïve individuals with AUD. If replicated and extended, these data could lead to enhanced knowledge of how glycinergic systems change with alcohol consumption and AUD progression leading to pharmacological interventional/preventative strategies that modulate brain glycine levels.
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- 2019
30. Prestimulus EEG alpha oscillations modulate task-related fMRI BOLD responses to auditory stimuli
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Walz, Jennifer M., Goldman, Robin I., Carapezza, Michael, Muraskin, Jordan, Brown, Truman R., and Sajda, Paul
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- 2015
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31. The Organelle in the Ointment: cryptic mitochondria account for many unknown sequences in cross-species microbiome comparisons
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Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamiño, Sonett D, Johan Bengtsson-Palme, Zaneveld, and Truman R. Brown
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Evolutionary biology ,Earth Microbiome Project ,Coral ,Organelle ,Microbiome ,Ribosomal RNA ,Amplicon ,Biology ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Gene - Abstract
The genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, reflecting their evolutionary ancestry as free-living bacteria prior to endosymbiosis. In microbiome studies of animals, plants, or other eukaryotic hosts, these organellar rRNAs are often amplified. If identified, they can be discarded, merely reducing sequencing depth. However, incorrectly annotated mitochondrial reads may compromise statistical analysis by distorting relative abundances of free-living microbes. We quantified this by reanalyzing 7,459 samples from seven 16S rRNA sequencing studies, including the microbiomes of 927 unique animal genera. We find that under-annotation of cryptic mitochondrial reads affects multiple of these large-scale cross-species microbiome comparisons, and can be severe in some samples. It also varies between host species, potentially biasing cross-species microbiome comparisons. We propose a straightforward solution: by supplementing existing taxonomies with diverse mitochondrial rRNA sequences, we resolve up to 97% of unique unclassified sequences in some entire studies as mitochondrial (14% averaged across all studies), without increasing false positive annotations in mitochondria-free mock communities. Overall, improved annotation decreases the proportion of unknown sequences by ≥10-fold in 2,262 of 7,459 samples (30%), including representatives from 5 of 7 studies examined. While standard DADA2 analyses are severely affected, the default positive filter in Deblur run through QIIME2 discards many divergent mitochondrial sequences, preventing bias in analysis, but also making analysis of these sequences more difficult. We recommend leveraging mitochondrial sequence diversity to better identify, remove and analyze mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences in microbiome studies.
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- 2021
32. Simultaneous EEG–fMRI reveals a temporal cascade of task-related and default-mode activations during a simple target detection task
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Walz, Jennifer M., Goldman, Robin I., Carapezza, Michael, Muraskin, Jordan, Brown, Truman R., and Sajda, Paul
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- 2014
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33. Longitudinal change in ventricular volume is accelerated in astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight
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Dani C. Inglesby, Donna R. Roberts, Mark A. Eckert, Heather R. Collins, Truman R. Brown, and Davud Asemani
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Normal aging ,General Engineering ,Mean age ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Spaceflight ,law.invention ,law ,Ventricular enlargement ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,medicine ,Ventricular volume ,Cerebral ventricles ,business ,Short duration ,RC321-571 - Abstract
An 11–25% increase in total ventricular volume has been documented in astronauts following spaceflight on the ISS. Given the approximately 2-year time interval between pre- and post-flight MRI, it is unknown if ventricular enlargement simply reflects normal aging or is unique to spaceflight exposure. Therefore, we compared percent ventricular volume change per year (PVVC/yr) documented on pre- to post-flight MRI in a group of NASA ISS astronauts (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 48.43 (4.35) years) with two groups who underwent longitudinal MRI: (1.) healthy age- and sex-matched adults (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 51.26 (3.88) years), and (2.) healthy older adults (n = 79, 16.5% women, mean age (SD) 73.26 (5.34) years). The astronauts, who underwent a mean (SD) 173.4 (51.3) days in spaceflight, showed a greater increase in PVVC/yr than the control (6.86 vs 2.23%, respectively, p
- Published
- 2021
34. A multimodal encoding model applied to imaging decision-related neural cascades in the human brain
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Tao Tu, Truman R. Brown, Jennifer M. Walz, Paul Sajda, Robin I. Goldman, Jordan Muraskin, and Bryan Conroy
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Models, Neurological ,Sensory system ,Electroencephalography ,Multimodal Imaging ,Article ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Resting state fMRI ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Cognition ,Human brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Frontal lobe ,Female ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Perception and cognition in the brain are naturally characterized as spatiotemporal processes. Decision-making, for example, depends on coordinated patterns of neural activity cascading across the brain, running in time from stimulus to response and in space from primary sensory regions to the frontal lobe. Measuring this cascade is key to developing an understanding of brain function. Here we report on a novel methodology that employs multi-modal imaging for inferring this cascade in humans at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Specifically, we develop an encoding model to link simultaneously measured electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals to infer high-resolution spatiotemporal brain dynamics during a perceptual decision. After demonstrating replication of results from the literature, we report previously unobserved sequential reactivation of a substantial fraction of the pre-response network whose magnitude correlates with a proxy for decision confidence. Our encoding model, which temporally tags BOLD activations using time localized EEG variability, identifies a coordinated and spatially distributed neural cascade that is associated with a perceptual decision. In general the methodology illuminates complex brain dynamics that would otherwise be unobservable using fMRI or EEG acquired separately.
- Published
- 2018
35. Does Synchronizing TMS pulses with EEG alpha Phase improve the Antidepressant Efficacy of Prefrontal TMS?
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Truman R. Brown, Robin I. Goldman, Mark S. George, Paul Sajda, J. Doose, Xingbao Li, Sarah Huffman, and Morgan Dancy
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Antidepressant efficacy ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Biophysics ,Phase (waves) ,Synchronizing ,Medicine ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,RC321-571 ,Eeg alpha - Published
- 2021
36. Celebrities Against Violence : Case Studies in Speaking Out
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Truman R. Keys and Truman R. Keys
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- Celebrities--Wounds and injuries--United States--Case studies, Celebrities--Wounds and injuries--United States, Violence--United States--Case studies, Violence--United States, Celebrities--Violence against--United States--Case studies, Celebrities--Violence against--United States
- Abstract
Violence is more than an issue in America. It is a pandemic, its negative impacts and corrosive character are harming us whether we are a victim, a bystander or professional tasked with public health and safety. Violence affects us regardless of class or social standing. For decades, celebrities and well-known public figures have taken to the media to share their own experiences with violence. This book spotlights the celebrities and their loved ones who have survived self-harm, bullying, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, family abuse, home invasion, gun violence, or police brutality. Violence prevention experts increasingly recognize the influence of celebrities and work with them to spread awareness. This collection of case studies aims to support this growing influence by documenting the effects of violence prevention through celebrity advocacy.
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- 2022
37. Temporomandibular Joint Condyle–Disc Morphometric Sexual Dimorphisms Independent of Skull Scaling
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Coombs, Matthew C., primary, She, Xin, additional, Brown, Truman R., additional, Slate, Elizabeth H., additional, Lee, Janice S., additional, and Yao, Hai, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Development of a high resolution MRI intracranial atherosclerosis imaging phantom
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A. Rano Chatterjee, Todd LeMatty, Xiaohong Joe Zhou, Edward Feldmann, Juyu Chueh, Jeff W. Rappleye, Amanda K. W. Buck, Olivia W. Brooks, Sameer A. Ansari, Matthew J. Gounis, Kajo van der Marel, Robert M. King, Tanya N. Turan, Richard H. Swartz, Hui Mao, Shaokuan Zheng, Truman R. Brown, and Timothy J. Carroll
- Subjects
Cone beam computed tomography ,Lumen (anatomy) ,Article ,Imaging phantom ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,0302 clinical medicine ,Contrast-to-noise ratio ,Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ,Humans ,Medicine ,Reproducibility ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Phantoms, Imaging ,business.industry ,Fibrous cap ,Reproducibility of Results ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ,Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Stenosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background and purposeCurrently, there is neither a standard protocol for vessel wall MR imaging of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) nor a gold standard phantom to compare MR sequences. In this study, a plaque phantom is developed and characterized that provides a platform for establishing a uniform imaging approach for ICAD.Materials and methodsA patient specific injection mold was 3D printed to construct a geometrically accurate ICAD phantom. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel was infused into the core shell mold to form the stenotic artery. The ICAD phantom incorporated materials mimicking a stenotic vessel and plaque components, including fibrous cap and lipid core. Two phantoms were scanned using high resolution cone beam CT and compared with four different 3 T MRI systems across eight different sites over a period of 18 months. Inter-phantom variability was assessed by lumen dimensions and contrast to noise ratio (CNR).ResultsQuantitative evaluation of the minimum lumen radius in the stenosis showed that the radius was on average 0.80 mm (95% CI 0.77 to 0.82 mm) in model 1 and 0.77 mm (95% CI 0.74 to 0.81 mm) in model 2. The highest CNRs were observed for comparisons between lipid and vessel wall. To evaluate manufacturing reproducibility, the CNR variability between the two models had an average absolute difference of 4.31 (95% CI 3.82 to 5.78). Variation in CNR between the images from the same scanner separated by 7 months was 2.5–6.2, showing reproducible phantom durability.ConclusionsA plaque phantom composed of a stenotic vessel wall and plaque components was successfully constructed for multicenter high resolution MRI standardization.
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- 2017
39. Prolonged Microgravity Affects Human Brain Structure and Function
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Dani C. Inglesby, Davud Asemani, Mark A. Eckert, Paul J. Nietert, Truman R. Brown, Mark S. George, Donna R. Roberts, and Jacob J. Bloomberg
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Spaceflight ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,law ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Motor test ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Adult Brain ,Small sample ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Cognition ,Human brain ,Mr imaging ,Structure and function ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,sense organs ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Widespread brain structural changes are seen following extended spaceflight missions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these structural changes are associated with alterations in motor or cognitive function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain MR imaging scans of National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts were retrospectively analyzed to quantify pre- to postflight changes in brain structure. Local structural changes were assessed using the Jacobian determinant. Structural changes were compared with clinical findings and cognitive and motor function. RESULTS: Long-duration spaceflights aboard the International Space Station, but not short-duration Space Shuttle flights, resulted in a significant increase in total ventricular volume (10.7% versus 0%, P < .001, n = 12 versus n = 7). Total ventricular volume change was significantly associated with mission duration (r = 0.72, P = .001, n = 19) but negatively associated with age (r = −0.48, P = .048, n = 19). Long-duration spaceflights resulted in significant crowding of brain parenchyma at the vertex. Pre- to postflight structural changes of the left caudate correlated significantly with poor postural control; and the right primary motor area/midcingulate correlated significantly with a complex motor task completion time. Change in volume of 3 white matter regions significantly correlated with altered reaction times on a cognitive performance task (bilateral optic radiations, splenium of the corpus callosum). In a post hoc finding, astronauts who developed spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome demonstrated smaller changes in total ventricular volume than those who did not (12.8% versus 6.5%, n = 8 versus n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: While cautious interpretation is appropriate given the small sample size and number of comparisons, these findings suggest that brain structural changes are associated with changes in cognitive and motor test scores and with the development of spaceflight-associated neuro-optic syndrome.
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- 2019
40. Temporomandibular Joint Condyle-Disc Morphometric Sexual Dimorphisms Independent of Skull Scaling
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Hai Yao, Matthew C. Coombs, Elizabeth H. Slate, Xin She, Janice S. Lee, and Truman R. Brown
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musculoskeletal diseases ,Male ,Population ,Joint Dislocations ,Condyle ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Cadaver ,Temporomandibular Joint Disc ,Medicine ,Humans ,Joint dislocation ,education ,Aged ,Orthodontics ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Sex Characteristics ,Temporomandibular Joint ,business.industry ,Skull ,Biomechanics ,Mandibular Condyle ,030206 dentistry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporomandibular joint ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Surgery ,Female ,Oral Surgery ,business ,Cadaveric spasm - Abstract
Purpose Approximately 2 to 4% of the US population have been estimated to seek treatment for temporomandibular symptoms, predominately women. The study purpose was to determine whether sex-specific differences in temporomandibular morphometry result from scaling with sex differences in skull size and shape or intrinsic sex-specific differences. Materials and Methods A total of 22 (11 male [aged 74.5 ± 9.1 years]; 11 female [aged 73.6 ± 12.8 years]) human cadaveric heads with no history of temporomandibular disc derangement underwent cone beam computed tomography and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scanning to determine 3-dimensional cephalometric parameters and temporomandibular morphometric outcomes. Regression models between morphometric outcomes and cephalometric parameters were developed, and intrinsic sex-specific differences in temporomandibular morphometry normalized by cephalometric parameters were determined. Subject-specific finite element (FE) models of the extreme male and extreme female conditions were developed to predict variations in articular disc stress–strain under the same joint loading. Results In some cases, sex differences in temporomandibular morphometric parameters could be explained by linear scaling with skull size and shape; however, scaling alone could not fully account for some differences between sexes, indicating intrinsic sex-specific differences. The intrinsic sex-specific differences in temporomandibular morphometry included an increased condylar medial length and mediolateral disc lengths in men and a longer anteroposterior disc length in women. Considering the extreme male and female temporomandibular morphometry observed in the present study, subject-specific FE models resulted in sex differences, with the extreme male joint having a broadly distributed stress field and peak stress of 5.28 MPa. The extreme female joint had a concentrated stress field and peak stress of 7.37 MPa. Conclusions Intrinsic sex-specific differences independent of scaling with donor skull size were identified in temporomandibular morphometry. Understanding intrinsic sex-specific morphometric differences is critical to determining the temporomandibular biomechanics given the effect of anatomy on joint contact mechanics and stress–strain distributions and requires further study as one potential factor for the increased predisposition of women to temporomandibular disc derangement.
- Published
- 2019
41. Intraindividual changes in brain GABA, glutamate, and glutamine during monitored abstinence from alcohol in treatment-naive individuals with alcohol use disorder
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Joseph P. Schacht, Andrew P. Prescot, Helena M. Brenner, Truman R. Brown, Raymond F. Anton, Perry F. Renshaw, and James J. Prisciandaro
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Glutamine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Glutamic Acid ,Alcohol ,Craving ,Alcohol use disorder ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurochemical ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Humans ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Alcohol Abstinence ,Glutamate receptor ,Brain ,Abstinence ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Alcoholism ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in treatment-seeking individuals with moderate-severe Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) following acute withdrawal. In contrast, few studies have investigated neurochemical changes across early abstinence in less-severe, treatment-naïve AUD. The present study, which represents the primary report of a research grant from ABMRF/The Alcohol Research Fund, measured dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) GABA, glutamate, and glutamine levels in treatment-naïve AUD (n=23) via three (1)H-MRS scans spaced across a planned week of abstinence from alcohol. In addition to AUD participants, twelve light drinkers completed two scans, separated by 48 hours, to ensure that results in AUD were not produced by between-scan differences other than abstinence from alcohol. (1)H-MRS spectra were acquired in dACC at each scan using 2D J-resolved Point Resolved Spectroscopy. Linear mixed modeling results demonstrated a significant increase in GABA, but not glutamate or glutamine (ps=0.237–0.626), levels between scans 1 and 2 (+8.88%, p = 0.041), with no difference between scans 2 and 3 (+1.00%, p = 0.836), in AUD but not LD (F=1.24, p=0.290) participants. Exploratory regression analyses tentatively revealed a number of significant prospective associations between changes in glutamine levels and heavy drinking, craving and withdrawal symptoms. Most notably, the present study demonstrated return from abnormally-low to normal GABA levels in treatment-naïve AUD within 3d of their last drink; the pattern of results was consistent with glutamate and glutamine disturbances being exclusive to relatively more-severe AUD.
- Published
- 2019
42. Identifying the translational complexity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonates and infants
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Dorothea Jenkins, Milad Yazdani, Truman R. Brown, and Hunter G. Moss
- Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Time Factors ,premature infants ,Creatine ,Basal Ganglia ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Frontal white matter ,Medicine ,MRS Sequence ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Spectroscopy ,Research Articles ,Peak area ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Term neonates ,neonates ,hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy ,chemistry ,Clinical diagnosis ,Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ,Metabolome ,Molecular Medicine ,Infant development ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research software ,Research Article - Abstract
Little attention has been paid to relating MRS outputs of vendor‐supplied platforms to those from research software. This comparison is crucial to advance MRS as a clinical prognostic tool for disease or injury, recovery, and outcome. The work presented here investigates the agreement between metabolic ratios reported from vendor‐provided and LCModel fitting algorithms using MRS data obtained on Siemens 3 T TIM Trio and 3 T Skyra MRI scanners in a total of 55 premature infants and term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We compared peak area ratios in single voxels placed in basal ganglia (BG) and frontal white matter (WM) using standard PRESS (TE = 30 ms and 270 ms) and STEAM (TE = 20 ms) MRS sequences at multiple times after birth from 5 to 60 days. A total of 74 scans met quality standards for inclusion, reflecting a spectrum of neonatal disease and several months of early infant development. For the long TE PRESS sequence, N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and Choline (Cho) ratios to Creatine (Cr) correlated strongly between LCModel and vendor‐supplied software in the BG. For shorter TEs, the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were more closely related using STEAM at TE = 20 ms in BG and WM, which was significantly better than using PRESS at TE = 30 ms in the BG of HIE infants. At short TEs, however, it is still unclear which MRS sequence, STEAM or PRESS, is superior and thus more work is required in this regard for translating research‐generated MRS ratios to clinical diagnosis and prognostication, and unlocking the potential of MRS for in vivo metabolomics. MRS at both long and short TEs is desirable for standard metabolites such as NAA, Cho and Cr, along with important lower concentration metabolites such as myo‐inositol and glutathione.
- Published
- 2019
43. An EEG-fMRI-TMS instrument to investigate BOLD response to EEG guided stimulation
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Truman R. Brown, G. T. Saber, J. Doose, Robin I. Goldman, Paul Sajda, James R. McIntosh, J. B. Teves, Josef Faller, Yida Lin, and Mark S. George
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0206 medical engineering ,Stimulation ,02 engineering and technology ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,EEG-fMRI ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electroconvulsive therapy ,Rhythm ,nervous system ,medicine ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Treatment-resistant depression ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Depression is a serious mental illness that is frequently resistant to a first round of pharmacotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective even for such treatment resistant depression but is associated with significant adverse effects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in comparison causes only mild discomfort but is less effective than ECT. We hypothesize that TMS treatment efficacy could be improved by locking TMS onset to a specific, potentially subject specific phase of the prefrontal alpha rhythm in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Here, we present an instrument that can track and predict phase of the alpha rhythm in the EEG to precisely target TMS while concurrently recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study local and distributed hemodynamic brain responses to stimulation. Tests of the instrument with three healthy adults indicate that EEG phase-locked TMS can be administered accurately enough to start testing systematically whether specific stimulation protocols can lead to clinically significant improvements in depression. To our knowledge, this is the first system that can deliver TMS phase-locked to the alpha rhythm while concurrently recording fMRI. For patients, such EEG guided TMS treatment could lead to better clinical outcomes and lower incidence of adverse effects.
- Published
- 2019
44. Brain glutamate, <scp>GABA</scp> , and glutamine levels and associations with recent drinking in treatment‐naïve individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder versus light drinkers
- Author
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Truman R. Brown, Perry F. Renshaw, Andrew P. Prescot, James J. Prisciandaro, Joseph P. Schacht, and Raymond F. Anton
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Glutamine ,Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Metabolite ,Glutamic Acid ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,ACUTE ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL ,Alcohol use disorder ,Toxicology ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Article ,Therapy naive ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurochemical ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Medicine ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Aspartic Acid ,Heavy drinking ,business.industry ,Glutamate receptor ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in inpatients/outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following acute alcohol withdrawal relative to healthy controls. In contrast, few studies have compared neurometabolite levels between less severe, treatment-naive AUD individuals and light drinkers (LD) or related them to recent alcohol consumption. The present study compared neurometabolite levels between treatment-naive AUD and LD individuals. Methods Twenty treatment-naive individuals with AUD and 20 demographically matched LD completed an 1 H-MRS scan, approximately 2.5 days following their last reported drink. 1 H-MRS data were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) using a 2-dimensional J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. dACC neurometabolite levels, with a focus on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA, were compared between AUD and LD participants. The associations between metabolite levels and recent drinking were explored. Results AUD participants had significantly lower concentrations of GABA (Cohen's d = 0.79, p = 0.017) and glutamine (Cohen's d = 1.12, p = 0.005), but not glutamate (Cohen's d = 0.05, p = 0.893), relative to LD. As previously reported, AUD participants' glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations were inversely associated with their number of heavy drinking days. In contrast, neither number of drinking (mean p = 0.56) nor heavy drinking (mean p = 0.47) days were associated with metabolite concentrations in LD. Conclusions The present study demonstrated significantly lower levels of prefrontal γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine in treatment-naive individuals with AUD relative to LD. Whether these findings reflect the neurotoxic consequence and/or neuroadaptive response of alcohol consumption versus a predrinking trait, and therefore a more durable neurochemical disturbance, awaits elucidation from longitudinal studies.
- Published
- 2018
45. NAC and Vitamin D Restore CNS Glutathione in Endotoxin-Sensitized Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Rats
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Dorothea Jenkins, Donald B. Wiest, Danielle W. Lowe, Bruce W. Hollis, Truman R. Brown, Lauren E. Adams, Inderjit Singh, and Hunter G. Moss
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,endotoxin ,hypoxia ischemia ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Ischemia ,glutamate ,vitamin D ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Neuroprotection ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,oxidative stress ,Medicine ,glutathione ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Glutamate receptor ,Cell Biology ,Glutathione ,Hypothermia ,N-acetylcysteine ,medicine.disease ,magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Glutamine ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia does not improve outcomes in neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) complicated by perinatal infection, due to well-described, pre-existing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that shorten the therapeutic window. For effective neuroprotection post-injury, we must first define and then target CNS metabolomic changes immediately after endotoxin-sensitized HI (LPS-HI). We hypothesized that LPS-HI would acutely deplete reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating overwhelming oxidative stress in spite of hypothermia treatment in neonatal rats. Post-natal day 7 rats were randomized to sham ligation, or severe LPS-HI (0.5 mg/kg 4 h before right carotid artery ligation, 90 min 8% O2), followed by hypothermia alone or with N-acetylcysteine (25 mg/kg) and vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3, 0.05 μg/kg) (NVD). We quantified in vivo CNS metabolites by serial 7T MR Spectroscopy before, immediately after LPS-HI, and after treatment, along with terminal plasma drug concentrations. GSH was significantly decreased in all LPS-HI rats compared with baseline and sham controls. Two hours of hypothermia alone did not improve GSH and allowed glutamate + glutamine (GLX) to increase. Within 1 h of administration, NVD increased GSH close to baseline and suppressed GLX. The combination of NVD with hypothermia rapidly improved cellular redox status after LPS-HI, potentially inhibiting important secondary injury cascades and allowing more time for hypothermic neuroprotection.
- Published
- 2021
46. Correlating early motor skills to white matter abnormalities in preterm infants using diffusion tensor imaging
- Author
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Emily Ward, Truman R. Brown, Hunter G. Moss, Jordan Tillman, Emma Humphries, Patty Coker-Bolt, Dorothea Jenkins, and Andrew B. Barbour
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Internal capsule ,Gestational Age ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Developmental psychology ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,Leukoencephalopathies ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Motor skill ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Rehabilitation ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,White Matter ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Motor Skills ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cardiology ,Female ,Psychology ,Infant, Premature ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect injury to specific white matter (WM) tracts involved with sensorimotor processing and may provide sensitive measures for latent or nascent motor skills. We hypothesized that DTI measures of WM fractional anisotropy (FA) could predict early motor scores on a standardized assessment in a cohort of preterm infants at risk for WM injury. METHODS: In this prospective study, preterm infants (n = 26, 11 female, 15 male, mean gestational age 29.1 ± 2.5) underwent the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) at term and at 12 weeks corrected age (CA) and underwent an non-sedated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DTI at a mean of 42 ± 1.5 weeks CA. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured by Voxelwise statistical analysis using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) in the specific regions of interest. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between infants with poor versus average performance on motor assessments at 12-weeks and FA values in several left hemispheric WM tracts ( p< 0.05). High FA of the left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) predicted mean increase in TIMP scores on specific items for head lift in prone and head lift turn to sound (p = 0.045 and p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Subtle WM injury, as indicated by low FA in left WM tracts, can predict outcomes of early motor skills performance testing at 3 months. Early DTI may identify infants with silent WM injury who need early intervention. Further studies may establish if individual tract FA improve after targeted treatment.
- Published
- 2016
47. Predicting motor outcomes with 3 month prone hip angles in premature infants
- Author
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Truman R. Brown, Hunter G. Moss, Lindsey Shehee, Patty Coker-Bolt, Andrew B. Barbour, and Dorothea Jenkins
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Child Development ,0302 clinical medicine ,Corrected Age ,Leukoencephalopathies ,Internal medicine ,Frontal white matter ,Prone Position ,Retrospective analysis ,Humans ,Medicine ,Motor skill ,Retrospective Studies ,Hip ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation ,Infant, Newborn ,White Matter Injury ,Infant ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Gait ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Rapid assessment ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,ROC Curve ,Motor Skills ,Neurodevelopmental Disorders ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cardiology ,Female ,business ,Infant, Premature ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
PURPOSE This study used kinematic analysis to identify a reliable and rapid assessment method for abnormal patterns of motor development in preterm infants. METHODS In a retrospective analysis, we examined video of n= 35 preterm infants at 3mo corrected age (CA) who had concurrent Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) scores. Hyperflexion at the hip produces common gait anomalies seen in children with CP, therefore we analyzed hip angle in the prone head lift position at 3 months CA. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at term equivalent (n= 23) and Bayley-III neurodevelopmental tests were performed at 1 year (n= 28). We correlated hip angles with TIMP and Bayley-III scores, and MRS neuronal metabolites. RESULTS Hip angle positively correlated with TIMP at 3 months (r= 0.642, p≤ 0.001), but not with Bayley-III at 1 year (r= 0.122, p= 0.529). Hip angle correlated negatively with myo-inositol (mI) ratios in frontal white matter tracts (mI/Cr r= -0.520, p= 0.011). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest prone hip angle may be a quantitative proxy for the 42-item TIMP at 3 months, and that hypertonicity in the hip flexor musculature is a manifestation of white matter metabolic abnormalities (elevated mI ratios) that may indicate occult white matter injury.
- Published
- 2016
48. Associations Between Recent Heavy Drinking and Dorsal Anterior CingulateN-Acetylaspartate and Glutamate Concentrations in Non-Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Dependence
- Author
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Perry F. Renshaw, Truman R. Brown, Raymond F. Anton, Andrew P. Prescot, Joseph P. Schacht, and James J. Prisciandaro
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,business.product_category ,Alcohol Drinking ,Glutamic Acid ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Toxicology ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurochemical ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Psychiatry ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Breathalyzer ,Aspartic Acid ,Heavy drinking ,Alcohol dependence ,Glutamate receptor ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Female ,business ,Psychology ,Biomarkers ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies have consistently found abnormal brain concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) relative to light drinkers. However, most such studies have focused on individuals in treatment for severe alcohol dependence (AD), and few studies have investigated associations between neurochemical concentrations and recent alcohol consumption. This study focused on associations between recent drinking and prefrontal neurometabolite concentrations in nonsevere, non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD. Methods Nineteen treatment-naive alcohol-dependent individuals aged 21 to 40 completed a 1H-MRS scan. Single-voxel 1H-MRS spectra were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) using a 2-dimensional J-resolved point resolved spectroscopy sequence. Associations between recent heavy drinking, assessed using the Timeline FollowBack, and dACC metabolite concentrations were estimated via regression controlling for within-voxel tissue composition. Results Participants provided a negative breathalyzer reading and reported between 1 and 5 days (M = 2.45, SD = 1.23) since their last drink. Number of heavy drinking days in the 14 days preceding the scan (M = 4.84, SD = 3.32) was significantly inversely associated with both glutamate/water (β = −0.63, t(17) = −3.37, p = 0.004) and NAA/water concentrations (β = −0.59, t(17) = −2.98, p = 0.008). Conclusions This study extends the literature by demonstrating inverse associations between recent heavy drinking and dACC glutamate and NAA concentrations in a sample of nonsevere, non-treatment-seeking individuals with AD. These findings may support the hypothesis that amount of recent alcohol consumption may account for differences in neuronal metabolism, even in nonsevere, non-treatment-seeking alcoholics.
- Published
- 2016
49. N-Acetylcysteine rapidly replenishes central nervous system glutathione measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- Author
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Truman R. Brown, Hunter G. Moss, Dorothea Jenkins, and Donald B. Wiest
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Encephalopathy ,Central nervous system ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Acetylcysteine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hypothermia, Induced ,medicine ,Humans ,Stroke ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Glutathione ,Hypothermia ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Rapid Communications ,Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Persistent oxidative stress depletes reduced glutathione (GSH), an intracellular antioxidant and an important determinant of CNS injury after hypoxia ischemia. We used standard, short echo time Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) to detect GSH by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 24 term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), on day of life 5–6, after rewarming from therapeutic hypothermia. MRS demonstrated reliable, consistent GSH of 1·64 ± 0·20 mM in the basal ganglia immediately before intravenous infusion of N-acetylcysteine. N-acetylcysteine resulted in a rapid and significant GSH increase to 1·93 ± 0.23 mM within 12–30 min after completion of infusion ( n = 21, p
- Published
- 2018
50. Imaging brain plasticity in stroke patients with simultaneous paired associative stimulation PAS /fMRI
- Author
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Steven A. Kautz, Mark S. George, Xingbao Li, Wuwei Feng, Truman R. Brown, and Michelle L. Woodbury
- Subjects
Paired associative stimulation ,Stroke patient ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Biophysics ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Plasticity ,business ,Imaging brain ,Neuroscience ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,lcsh:RC321-571 - Published
- 2019
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