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La précarité des agroécosystèmes des pays sahéliens impose aux producteurs des options de gestion intégrée de la fertilité des sols. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer les effets du travail du sol et du système de culture avec fertilisation sur l’état hydrique du sol et le taux de chlorophylle des feuilles du sorgho associé avec le niébé. Le dispositif expérimental était un bloc complètement randomisé avec les traitements arrangés en split plot, quatre méthodes de travail du sol comme parcelles principales, seize systèmes de culture avec fertilisation comme parcelles secondaires et trois répétitions. Le zaï manuel a permis d’obtenir des humidités du sol à 90 jours Après Semis plus élevées avec des taux variant de 78,57 à 263,64% par rapport au labour, au travail minimum du sol et au billonnage cloisonné. Les taux de chlorophylle les plus élevés ont été enregistrés au stade montaison dans les parcelles labourées et de billonnage cloisonné, également avec le système de culture comprenant 1 ligne de sorgho + 1 ligne de niébé à port rampant recevant des engrais NPK et urée. Ces résultats montrent que le travail du sol combiné à la fertilisation organo-minérale est susceptible d’optimiser la productivité agricole. English title: Effects of tillage and organo-mineral fertilization on soil moisture and chlorophyll assimilation of sorghum intercropped with cowpea The precariousness of the agro-ecosystems in the sahelian countries is forcing farmers to adopt diverseoptions of integrated soil fertility management. This study carried out at the Saria environmental andagricultural research Station in 2020 and 2021 aimed to assess the effects of tillage and cropping system with fertilization on the water status of the soil and the chlorophyll level in the leaves of sorghum intercropped with cowpea. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with treatments arranged in a split plot, four tillage methods as main plots, sixteen cropping systems with fertilization subplots and three replications. The manual zaï made it possible to obtain higher soil humidity at 90 days after planting with rates varying from 78.57 to 263.64% compared to ploughing, minimum tillage and tied-ridging. The highest chlorophyll levels were recorded at boot stage in the ploughed and tied-ridging plots, also with the cropping system of 1 line of sorghum alternated with 1 line of cowpea cropping system and receiving NPK and urea fertilizers. These results show that tillage method combined with organo-mineral fertilization is likely to optimize agricultural productivity.&nbsp

Introduction: the omphalocele is defined as a congenital malformation of the abdominal wall from the umbilical ring leading to non-integration of the viscera covered by an amniotic and avascular membrane. The cord still fits over the membrane. There are sometimes cavities between the viscera and the membrane that contain wharton jelly. The frequency is 1 case in 6000 births in France and 1 case in 5000 in Germany. We conducted this study in order to describe the epidemiological aspects and to evaluate the therapeutic results of omphaloceles in the regional hospital of Kayes. Materials and methods: We conducted a 15-month retrospective study from January 2020 to March 2021 in the pediatric surgery unit of the Kayes regional hospital, all newborns (0 to 6 days old) admitted to the ward with omphalocele were included. in the study. Other newborns with a malformation in addition to laparochisis were excluded from the study. Results: 11 patients were recorded in the study including 7 boys and 4 girls. The average age was 3.5 days and the average weight was 3 kg 350. According to the classification of Aitken 7 were type II and 4 cases type I. The technique of primary musculo-aponeurotic closure was used in all cases. Intraoperative hepatic hemorrhage occurred in 2 cases. We had recorded 2 deaths. No mother had a history of taking teratogenic drugs, 7 were multiparts. Ultrasound had found omphaloceles in 3 antenatal patients. Conclusion: Omphaloceles is a surgical emergency for which the management is multidisciplinary and requires an antenatal ultrasound.

The continuous degradation of agroecosystem is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Burkina Faso. To fight against this agroecosystem degradation, SWC such as stone rows, grass strips, zaï, filtering dikes, half-moons and agroforestry had been introduced in the Yatenga Province in Northern Burkina Faso several decades ago. Decades after introduction of SWC practices, a survey was conducted with 120 farmers equally distributed in four villages in the region to learn the farmers’ perceptions of the effects of these practices on their farms. Results revealed a higher proportion of men in the study sites (63%) compared to women. The largest difference in proportions between surveyed men and women was observed in Bogoya where only 22% of the surveyed persons were women. The average years of the respondents across villages was 53 years with 57% of farmers being members of at least one farmer organization. The proportion of educated farmers was 73% and those who received training in SWC techniques represented 36%. Results indicated that white grain sorghum and pearl millet were the main crops produced by 95% of farmers and stone rows and zaï were the dominant SWC techniques used by 77-80% of farmers. Data from the survey indicated a fairly high proportion of big ruminant breeders and small ruminant breeders as well. In fact, 79% of farmers bred big ruminants and 78% bred small ruminants. The main beneficial and direct effects of SWC techniques perceived by farmers was their capacity to improve soil fertility, recover soil, reduce water run-off, and allow good water infiltration in the field, thus improving soil productivity. Farmers pointed out indirect effects of SWC practices on livestock by the regeneration and increase of grass, tree and small shrub biomass available to improve animal growth and health. However, some farmers commented that the long-term use of zaï could lead to soil degradation. The study showed that farmers did perceive the beneficial effects of SWC practices and that greater extension and adoption will only be achieved if they could still receive training, financial and equipment supports.

Le haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) constitue une source de compléments protéiques pour l’alimentation des populations. Cependant, les mauvaises herbes affectent la productivité de cette légumineuse. Cette étude a pour objectif de caractériser la flore adventice dans les parcelles de haricot. Des inventaires floristiques et des analyses phytosociologiques ont été conduits en 2014 et en 2015 dans des parcelles de haricot localisées dans trois départements de la Côte d’Ivoire. Ainsi, 190 relevés floristiques ont été réalisés permettant de recenser 229 espèces adventices réparties en 157 genres appartenant à 57 familles. Les familles les mieux représentées sont par ordre d’importance les Poaceae (11,35%), les Fabaceae (7,86%), les Asteraceae (7,42%), les Euphorbiaceae (6,97%), les Cyperaceae (3,93%), les Caesalpiniaceae (3,93%) et les Amaranthaceae (3,49%). L’analyse de la fréquence et de l’abondance-dominance des espèces a révélé que Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King et H. Rob. et Croton hirtus l’Hérit. sont les adventices les plus nuisibles dans les parcelles de haricot.Mots clés: Haricot, mauvaises herbes, espèces nuisibles, Côte d’Ivoire.

The continuous degradation of agroecosystems is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Burkina Faso. To fight against this problem, various research projects and programs have implemented S oil and W ater C onservation practices (SWC) in Northern Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to assess the economic performance of stone rows, grass strips, zai, filtering dikes, half-moons and agroforestry on agricultural production in this part of Burkina Faso. Stochastic Frontier Analysis was used to estimate SWC’s technical efficiency. Results indicated that the cost for SWC construction did not influence white sorghum and pearl millet yield. However, an increase of 1% in the investment for SWC implementation results in a 0.42% increase in groundnut yield and 0.19% in cowpea yield. Although, the half-moon technique had a positive effect on the farmer’s technical efficiency, the effects of stone rows, filtering dikes, zai and grass strips were not significant. Given the tremendous efforts that farmers develop to implement these anti-erosion practices, one recommendation is that policy makers strengthen the technical, financial and equipment supports to farmers for efficient implementation of SWC techniques to ensure sustainability of agricultural production systems in Northern Burkina Faso.