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Sweet spreads are characterized by high sugar and fat content, high sensory acceptability among all generations, but also low nutritional value. In order to increase the nutritional value/reduce the caloric value, sweet spreads are enriched with various additives and/or replacements for specific ingredients. Cocoa shell is a by-product of the food industry which, due to its favorable nutritional composition (fiber, polyphenols), is increasingly used in the production of functional products. In the development of a new product, sensory characterization is one of the key indicators of quality and possible success in the market. In this study, the sensory properties of sweet spreads with the addition of different share of cocoa shell in combination with sugar substitutes (xylitol and stevia) and various fats and emulsifiers against a control sample (sweet spread without cocoa shell) were examined. Sensory attributes (form, color, surface, consistency, chewing, odor and taste) of the sweet spreads were evaluated by a panel of 5 assessors using the scoring method. Although all enriched sweet spreads were rated lower than the control, samples with a higher cocoa shell content were rated better than product with the lowest added cocoa shell content, which had the lowest total weighted score. Overall, all enriched sweet spreads are acceptable because the average points of individual sensory properties as well as all total weighted scores are more than the minimum acceptable values. Future researches are needed to evaluate new combinations of cocoa shell and other additives/replacements to improve the sensory attributes of cocoa shell sweet spreads.

During the 4 years of the project, samples were collected in different parts of Croatia. In the project, samples of honey, olive oil, meat, cheese, soil, and water were collected, while samples of honey, olive oil, meat, cheese and soil were analysed for pesticide residues. For the preparation of samples, the QuEChERS method was utilized for the honey and olive oil samples and a modified version for the soil samples. A gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/ MS) Shimadzu TQ-8050NX and a liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) Agilent 1260 Infinity II were used to conduct analyses of pesticide residue. Over 600 active chemicals were examined in a combined 150 honey samples, 200 olive oil samples, and 200 soil samples. It was discovered that certain honey samples contain the unapproved chemical coumaphos while pesticide residues were being monitored. Coumaphos tends to gather in wax, where it stays for a while and then gradually transitions into honey. The oil samples contained a variety of pesticide residues, some of which are illegal to use in the EU (such as chlorpyrifos) and others whose concentrations are over the Maximum Residue Level (MRL). Farmers’ continued usage of outdated supplies is tied to the use of prohibited plant protection products. Farmers are able to buy and use pesticides that have not been approved in Croatia’s neighbouring countries. Pesticide residual levels in all soil samples were below the quantifiable limit (LOQ). The results of this research point to the need for increased monitoring and control of food products for pesticide residues. Acknowledgements: This work was carried out within the project “Food Safety and Quality Center” (KK.01.1.1.02.0004). The project is co-financed by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund.

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethhyl)glycine) is one of the most commonly used herbicides throughout agriculture all over the world. It is a broad- spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant and acts by inhibiting specific essential plant enzyme prevents production of aromatic amino acid required for life maintainig protein synthesis. In 2015 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IRAC) concluded that glyphosate is probably carcinogenic, although all regulatory assessments have established that glyphosate has low hazzard potential to mammals. In 2017 the European Commission renewed the approval of glyphosate for 5 years, but safety profile of the herbicide glyphosate and its commercial formulations is still controversial. In house method for determination of glyphosate was developed and fully validated according Sante/12682/2019. The samples were cleaned up by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-CL) and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS method to determine glyphosate residue. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0, 05 µg/kg. Recoveries were 96, 9% (RSD 2, 6%) for barley, 93, 8% (RSD 5, 71%) for carrot and 103, 4% (RSD 2, 5%) for lemon. The performance of the method was confirmed by the satisfactory results (z-score

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are widely appreciated fruits due to their intense flavour, bright red colour, juicy texture, and harmonic taste. Additionally, they present a unique combination of various nutrients, phytochemicals, vitamins, and fibres, which play a synergistic role in its characterisation as a functional food with health benefits with regard to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, or anti-proliferative effects. Usually they are consumed in large quantities, fresh or processed, and artificial strawberry flavourings and aromas are widely used, as their natural aroma compounds are very sensitive to processing (pre- or post-harvest stages) and storage conditions. On the other hand, strawberries are very susceptible to many pests and diseases, so producers rely on pesticides, which influences the environment, the sustainability of strawberry growing, but also risks to consumer health. Thus, it is of great importance to control and analyse strawberry samples for chemical residues of pesticides with the aim to protect public health and avoid health risks. A multi-residue pesticide method has been developed and validated. Over 200 pesticides were analysed using a simple QuEChERS sample preparation procedure, followed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results of the analysed strawberry samples (n=26) from the Croatian market showed that in 4 samples (15 %) pesticides (Flonicamid, Tebucanozole and Spinosad 2x, respectively) were determined above the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by EU regulations (Regulation EC no. 396/2005) and implemented by national authorities (OG 80/13, 115/18). This work was funded through the project “Center for Safety and Quality of Food“ supported by the European Fund for Regional Development and the Croatian Ministry of Science and Education (KK.01.1.1.02.0004) as well as the project “Hurdle Technology and 3D Printing for Sustainable Fruit Juice Processing and Preservation” (3D-SustJuice) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-2019-04-2105).

Urbana tla traže naročitu pozornost, kako zbog raznovrsnosti načina korištenja prostora, tako i zbog velikog broja izvora onečišćenja ili drugog načina degradacije kakvoće tla. Praćenje stanja tala je zakonska obaveza i aktivnost koja se nadovezuje na praćenje kvalitete ostalih medija okoliša, prvenstveno vode i zraka. Monitoringom je obuhvaćeno sedam kategorija korištenja tla: školska igrališta, dječji vrtići, javna dječja igrališta, područja za sport i rekreaciju, javne zelene površine unutar rezidencijalnih četvrti, javne površine (drvoredi i zelene površine uz prometnice, površine u blizini industrijskih i gospodarskih postrojenja, površine u blizini odlagališta otpada i sličnih ekološki rizičnih objekata) i drugo (poljoprivredno zemljište, područja vodozaštite). U dokumentu su prikazani rezultati monitoringa provedenog na 30 uzoraka urbanog tla. Analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski parametri u tlu (PAH, PCB, TOC, BTEX, mineralna ulja, pesticidi), provedena su ekotoksikološka ispitivanja tla, analizirani su uzorci procjedne vode s postavljenih procjednih lizimetara s dvije lokacije i s tri dubine te je proveden i biomonitoring mahovinama (teški metali i PAH-ovi). Rezultati su prikazani na web GIS aplikaciji „Ekološka karta Grada Zagreba“. Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.

U dokumentu su prikazani rezultati provedenih analiza u 13 gradskih vrtova. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno postojećih trinaest gradskih vrtova (GV) na području Grada Zagreba: GV Borovje, GV Klara – Čavoglavska ulica, GV Klara – Mrkšina ulica, GV Maksimir – Mandlova ulica, GV Prečko, GV Savica, GV Sesvete – Rimski put, GV Sesvete – Senjska ulica, GV Sloboština, GV Sopot 1, GV Sopot 2, GV Stenjevec, GV Podsused. Provedena su: ispitivanja kakvoće vode za navodnjavanje kroz određivanje osnovnih kemijskih i mikrobioloških pokazatelja vode, ispitivanja kakvoće tla (pH, TOC, P2O5, K2O, teški metali: Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Hg ; mineralna ulja, BTEX, PAH, pesticidi), ekotoksikološka ispitivanja, ispitivanje kakvoće plodova (suha tvar, Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Na, P, S, Nuk) i biomonitoring mahovinama. Program je financirao Gradski ured za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.

The City of Zagreb's public water supply system is the largest water supply system in the Republic of Croatia regarding the number of consumers and the amount of water supplied. The system is divided into 5 supply zones according to the geographical area: Zagreb-South, Zagreb- West, Zagreb-East, Zagreb-North and Zagreb- South-East. Drinking water monitoring is carried out annually in the City of Zagreb and its surroundings in accordance with applicable legislation (Council Directive 98/83/EC and Role book NN 125/17). The purpose of monitoring is to collect data on all parameters defined by the legislation, in order to make an assessment of the compliance of drinking water. Most of the samples included in this monitoring are analysed at the Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, and the obtained results are forwared to the Croatian Institute of Public Health which is responsible for conducting the monitoring. One of the parameters which have to be checked for the determination of the compliance of drinking water is the determination of pesticide residues. Pesticide residues are determined by gas and liquid chromatography techniques with different detection methods (HPLC, UPLC-MS/MS, GC-ECD). As a part of the monitoring for 2019 year, a total of 192 pesticides were determined, of which 2 were from the triazine herbicides group, 18 were from the organochlorine pesticides group and 172 were from the organophosphorus and other pesticides group. All analytical methods applied for the determination of pesticide residues in drinking water have been successfully validated and accredited according to the HRN EN ISO 17025. Also, interlaboratory comparison study were successfully performed ( z score

U dokumentu su prikazani rezultati monitoringa provedenog na 20 uzoraka urbanog tla. Analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski parametri u tlu, provedena su ekotoksikološka ispitivanja tla, analizirani su uzorci procjedne vode s postavljenih procjednih lizimetara s tri lokacije i tri dubine te je proveden i biomonitoring mahovinama (teški metali i PAH-ovi). Rezultati su prikazani na web GIS aplikaciji „Ekološka karta Grada Zagreba“. Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.

Cocoa husk is a by-product of chocolate industry. Usually, it is separated from cocoa bean after the roasting and prior to other operations of cocoa bean processing. It represents app. 10 –15 % of the bean and presents great problem regarding disposal. Inorder to explore it’s potential for application in food, it’s safety must be determined. Acrylamide is arising as a potentially harmful food component, since it is linked with higher risk of developing cancer in all age groups. It is found in food processed above 120 °C at low moisture, where it forms as a product of Maillard reactions.During roasting, cocoa husk is exposed to temperatures as high as 135 °C for as long as 55 min, it contains starch and proteins and is potentially significant source of acrylamide and HMF. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the content ofacrylamide and HMF in cocoa husk separated after the roasting cocoa bean at 135 °C for 55 min and to investigate possibility of reducing their content in the husk by high-voltage electrical discharge (HVED). Acrylamide was determined by UPLC-MS/MS and HMFby HPLC-DAD. The results showed that HVED treatment may be applied to reduce the content of acrylamide and HMF in cocoa husk below the limit of quantification, even below the limit of detection in some cases.

U dokumentu su prikazani rezultati monitoringa provedenog na tri lokacije urbanog tla: 12 uzoraka tla na lokacijama oko odlagališta otpada Jakuševec, 12 uzoraka tla na lokacijama oko uređaja za obradu otpadnih voda i 12 uzoraka tla na lokacijama u blizini postrojenja za obradu otpada CIOS. Analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski parametri u tlu (teški metali, PAH, PCB, TOC, BTEX, mineralna ulja, pesticidi), provedena su ekotoksikološka ispitivanja tla, postavljeni su procjedni lizimetri na tri lokacije, izrađen je model distribucije, postavljeni su senzori za praćenje dinamike relativne vlage tla i vodnog potencijala tla te je proveden i biomonitoring mahovinama (teški metali i PAH-ovi). Rezultati su prikazani na web GIS aplikaciji „Ekološka karta Grada Zagreba“. Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine ) is one of the most commonly used herbicides throughout agriculture all over the world. It is a broad- spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant and acts by inhibiting specific essential plant enzyme called EPSPS (5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3- phosphate synthase). Inhibition of this enzyme prevents production of aromatic amino acids required for life mainteining protein synthesis. In 2015 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that glyphosate is probably carcinogenic, althought all regulatory assessments have established that glyphosate has low hazard potential to mammals. In 2017 the European Commission renewed the approval of glyphosate for 5 years, but safety profile of the herbicide glyphosate and its commercial formulations is still controversial. In recent years it has been reported that traces of glyphosate have been found in wines. Therefore, 24 table grape samples and 36 wine samples were analysed for glyphosate, and results are presented in this report. The samples were cleaned by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) after derivatization with 9- fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS method to determine glyphosate residue. The glyphosate was found in 83% of analysed wine samples. Amount of glyphosate found in wine samples ranged from 0.010-0.098 mg/kg, while in none of table grape samples glyphosate was found in amounts above the quantification limit (0.010 mg/kg). In 2013 the European Commission has set a maximum residue levels (MRL) for glyphosate in table grapes and wine grapes of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Although the amounts of glyphosate residues found in wine samples were far below the MRL in wine grapes, there is still a need to determine the MRL for glyphosate in wine.

Praćenje stanja tala je zakonska obaveza i aktivnost koja se nadovezuje na praćenje kvalitete ostalih medija okoliša, prvenstveno vode i zraka. Monitoringom je obuhvaćeno sedam kategorija korištenja tla: školska igrališta, dječji vrtići, javna dječja igrališta, područja za sport i rekreaciju, javne zelene površine unutar rezidencijalnih četvrti, javne površine (drvoredi i zelene površine uz prometnice, površine u blizini industrijskih i gospodarskih postrojenja, površine u blizini odlagališta otpada i sličnih ekološki rizičnih objekata) i drugo (poljoprivredno zemljište, područja vodozaštite). U dokumentu su prikazani rezultati monitoringa provedenog na osam lokacija urbanog tla po kategorijama načina korištenja: urbano/rezidencijalno/drugo. Provedena je ukupna pedološka obrada na lokaciji profila, analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski parametri u tlu (teški metali, PAH, PCB, TOC, BTEX, mineralna ulja, pesticidi, dioksini), provedena su ekotoksikološka ispitivanja tla, izrađen je model pronosa (određivanje hidrauličkih svojstava tla evaporacijskom metodom) te je proveden i biomonitoring mahovinama (teški metali i PAH-ovi). Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic blanching prior to deep- frying of potato strips on the mitigation of acrylamide. Acrylamide is a potential carcinogen formed during thermal processes such as frying, baking or roasting at temperature above 120 ºC, when reducing sugars react with amino acid asparagine in the Maillard reaction. This reactions resulted in changes in the final product like desirable improvement of the textural characteristics or undesirable formation of acrylamide. Potato strips were treated either with ultrasound at 20 kHz and different amplitude levels for 5 min or with blanching using hot water at 70 °C for 5 min. Samples were analysed for acrylamide content using UPLC/MS MS and QUEChERS sample preparation methodology. The effect of ultrasound blanching on texture profile of French fries was observed by measuring their textural properties by Texture analyser. Colour is measured for each sample, and results were represented with redness, yellowness and lightness values. Blanched and ultrasound treated French fries exhibited similar colour change. Both blanching treatments reduced acrylamide content of the final product. Therefore, ultrasound blanching present a potential method for mitigation of acrylamide content in fried potato strips.

U preliminarnim istraživanjima urbanih tala na području Grada Zagreba tijekom 2015. i 2016. godine uzorkovano je 150 uzoraka tla i dodatnih sedam uzoraka na području Zagrebačke županije. Na temelju rezultata ispitivanja odredile su se kritične lokacije uzorkovanja i proširila mreža uzorkovanja sukladno zahtjevima za uspostavu monitoringa urbanih tala na području grada Zagreba. Izrađen je elaborat o uspostavi monitoringa, provedena je ukupna pedološka obrada na lokaciji 10 profila, analizirani su fizikalno- kemijski parametri te je započet biomonitoring mahovinama. Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.

Projekt je osmišljen tako da omogući pravovremeno prepoznavanje rizika uzrokovanih korištenjem tala za gradske vrtove u urbanom području. Okosnica projekta odnosi se na uspostavu sustava za motrenje kvalitete i plodnosti tala na područjima gradskih vrtova i uspostavu biomonitoringa mahovinama: odnosno procjene emisije potencijalno toksičnih elemenata (PTE) iz zraka, utvrđivanje dinamike onečišćenja, kao i utvrđivanje organskih onečišćenja (policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici - PAH). Također je predviđeno provođenje ekotoksikoloških ispitivanja i konačno harmonizacija metodike praćenja kvalitete i plodnosti tla u takvim urbanim agroekosustavima. Predviđena istraživanja interpretirati će se sukladno postojećoj zakonskoj regulativi u RH.

Urbana tla traže naročitu pozornost kako zbog raznovrsnosti načina korištenja prostora tako i zbog velikog broja izvora onečišćenja ili drugog načina degradacije kakvoće tla. Na koji će se način onečišćenje tala manifestirati u urbanom okolišu ovisi o vrsti onečišćivala, intenzitetu korištenja prostora i ekološkim uvjetima, ali u konačnici utječe na zdravlje čovjeka direktnim unosom putem kože, respiratornim putem (udisanjem čestica tla) ili gastrointestinalnim putem. Kako bi se osigurali pravovaljani i pravovremeni podaci o kvaliteti tala potrebno je uspostaviti organizirani sustav motrenja tala koji bi za cilj imao odrediti vrstu i intenzitet onečišćenja te u slučaju prisutnosti onečišćenja uslijed različitih aktivnosti pratiti kakvoću tla u definiranim vremenskim intervalima. Program se provodi na području Grada Zagreba u više faza sa ciljem da se: utvrdi postojeće stanje kakvoće tla na cjelokupnom području unutar administrativnih granica Grada Zagreba, identificiraju lokacije na kojima je prema unaprijed definiranim kriterijima i zakonskim propisima potrebno uspostaviti monitoring i definiraju način i pokazatelji za praćenje na tim lokacijama i provede prvi monitoring. Monitoringom je predviđeno obuhvatiti šest kategorija načina korištenja urbanog tla. Nastavkom preliminarnih istraživanja urbanih tala na području Grada Zagreba tijekom 2016. godine uzorkovano je daljnjih 85 od ukupno 150 uzoraka tla. Analizirani su fizikalni i kemijski parametri (organski i anorganski) te je provedeno ekotoksikološko ispitivanje tla. Rezultati analiza kvalitete tla na teške metale su prikazani na web GIS aplikaciji „Ekološka karta Grada Zagreba“. Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.

Background: In patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), nutritional support is required if normal food cannot be tolerated within several days. Aim: To compare the effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: 35 patients with mild acute pancreatitis were enrolled in the study. 30 patients who completed the study were divided in two groups according to the type of nutritional support. Patients in EN group (n=10) were given Alitraq, Abbott, 25-30 kcal/kg, via nasojejunal tube together with general supportive treatment. The patients in TPN group (n=20) were given total parenteral nutrition in continuous infusion through central venous catheter. Results: Mean values of CRP on day 7th of the treatment in the EN group were 101.5 and in the TPN group 142.6 (p=0.12). A decrease in the BMI was higher in the TPN group when compared to start values (7.41% ; p = 0.06), whereas in the EN group after initial decrease it approached the baseline values. The values of serum calcium in the EN group and TPN group were 2.11+/-0.11 mmol/L and 2.06+/-0.16 mmol/L respectively (p=0.26). An increase in the serum albumin levels according to baseline was 6.5% in the EN group and 0.2% in the TPN group (p=0.06). A length of hospitalization was in average 2 days longer in the TPN group. An incidence of complications was similar in both groups. Conclusions: EN was proven as equally efficient and safe as was TPN in the course of treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Urbana tla traže naročitu pozornost kako zbog raznovrsnosti načina korištenja prostora tako i zbog velikog broja izvora onečišćenja ili drugog načina degradacije kakvoće tla. Na koji će se način onečišćenje tala manifestirati u urbanom okolišu ovisi o vrsti onečišćivala, intenzitetu korištenja prostora i ekološkim uvjetima, ali u konačnici utječe na zdravlje čovjeka direktnim unosom putem kože, respiratornim putem (udisanjem čestica tla) ili gastrointestinalnim putem. Kako bi se osigurali pravovaljani i pravovremeni podaci o kvaliteti tala potrebno je uspostaviti organizirani sustav motrenja tala koji bi za cilj imao odrediti vrstu i intenzitet onečišćenja te u slučaju prisutnosti onečišćenja uslijed različitih aktivnosti pratiti kakvoću tla u definiranim vremenskim intervalima. Program se provodi na području Grada Zagreba u više faza sa ciljem da se: utvrdi postojeće stanje kakvoće tla na cjelokupnom području unutar administrativnih granica Grada Zagreba, identificiraju lokacije na kojima je prema unaprijed definiranim kriterijima i zakonskim propisima potrebno uspostaviti monitoring i definiraju način i pokazatelji za praćenje na tim lokacijama i provede prvi monitoring. Monitoringom je predviđeno obuhvatiti šest kategorija načina korištenja urbanog tla. U istraživanjima urbanih tala na području Grada Zagreba tijekom 2015. godine uzorkovano je 65 od ukupno 150 uzoraka tla. Analizirani su fizikalni i kemijski parametri (organski i anorganski) te je provedeno ekotoksikološko ispitivanje tla. Rezultati analize tla na teške metale prikazani su na web GIS aplikaciji „Ekološka karta Grada Zagreba“. Program je financirao Gradski ured za zdravstvo.