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The integration of an E-slot within the conventional microstrip patch antenna structure offers improved radiation characteristics and bandwidth. This research presents the design and analysis of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with an E-slot. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at a specific frequency in the microwave range. The design process involves determining the dimensions of the rectangular patch, feedline, and E-slot to achieve the desired resonance frequency. The simulation and optimization are carried out using electromagnetic simulation software, considering the dielectric substrate properties and other relevant parameters. The E-slot is strategically placed within the patch structure to enhance the antenna's performance. It acts as an additional resonating element, contributing to increased bandwidth and improved radiation characteristics, such as gain and directivity. The integration of the E-slot modifies the current distribution on the patch, resulting in enhanced radiation properties. The performance of the proposed antenna is evaluated through various parameters, including return loss, radiation pattern, and bandwidth. Overall, the rectangular microstrip patch antenna with an E-slot presents a promising solution for achieving enhanced performance in terms of bandwidth and radiation characteristics. The proposed design opens up possibilities for further advancements in microstrip antenna technology, facilitating the development of an efficient and compact antenna structure for modern wireless applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban road traffic noise is a major concern in developing as well as developed countries. Often it is difficult to identify the most noise impacting vehicular type especially in urban region with mixed vehicular flow. Herein, we analysed in a systematic way to identify the most noise impacting vehicular type at Hyderabad city of India. The road traffic noise across the corridor-3 metro line known as the blue line metro was chosen in the present study because, it stretches from north to south connecting 23 stations comprising major residential and commercial locations of the city. The noise levels were analysed as per CPCB guidelines. The noise pollution quantifying parameters such as Noise Climate (NC), Noise Pollution Level (LNP), and Traffic Noise Index (TNI) were analysed across the lane. A systematic analysis revealed that, the twowheelers are the most noise impacting vehicles in the daytime whereas four-wheelers in the nighttime. Noise map generated using the IDW spatial interpolation method shows the noise impacted regions across the metro lane stretching ~27 km of the city. The methodological pattern in the present investigation can be useful tool in identifying the most noise impacting vehicular type in any region with a mixed vehicular flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]