Author: "Thomson AM" / Publication Year Range: Last 10 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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26 results on '"Thomson AM"'

1. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, M, Ong, KL, Aali, A, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M-A, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, DM, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abebe, SS, Abedi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abhilash, ES, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Abrha, WA, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Accrombessi, MMK, Adal, TG, Adamu, AA, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, AV, Adetunji, CO, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adeyinka, DA, Adeyomoye, OI, Admass, BAA, Adnani, QES, Adra, S, Afolabi, AA, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agasthi, P, Aggarwal, M, Aghamiri, S, Agide, FD, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, AM, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MS, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, SA, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akara, EM, Akbarialiabad, H, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, MA, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, SM, Alahdab, F, Alalalmeh, SO, Alalwan, TA, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, N, Al-amer, RM, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Al-Azzam, S, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, AlBataineh, MT, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Aldawsari, KA, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Alema, HB, Alemayohu, MA, Alemi, S, Alemu, YM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhabib, KF, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Al-Hanawi, MK, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, SSS, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alikhani, R, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, AA, Aljasir, MAM, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, SAA, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almidani, L, Almidani, O, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Alonso, J, Alqahtani, JS, Alqalyoobi, S, Alqutaibi, AY, Al-Sabah, SK, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Altirkawi, KA, Aluh, DO, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Amani, R, Amare, AT, Amegbor, PM, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Amusa, GA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Angus, C, Anil, A, Anil, S, Anoushiravani, A, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, CM, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anvari, S, Anwar, S, Anwar, SL, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, AE, Aqeel, M, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aremu, A, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Ärnlöv, J, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, RT, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Lari, M, Asgedom, AA, Asghariahmadabad, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, M, Aslani, A, Astell-Burt, T, Athar, M, Athari, SS, Atinafu, BTT, Atlaw, HW, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awedew, AF, Aweke, AM, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayatollahi, H, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Ayyoubzadeh, SM, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Azzam, AY, B, DB, Babu, AS, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bahmanziari, N, Bai, R, Baig, AA, Baker, JL, Bako, AT, Bakshi, RK, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, PC, Bansal, H, Bansal, K, Barbic, F, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Basharat, Z, Bashiri, A, Basiru, A, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, JD, Basting, AVL, Basu, S, Batra, K, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, M, Behboudi, E, Behera, P, Behnoush, AH, Behzadifar, M, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Béjot, Y, Belay, SA, Belete, CM, Bell, ML, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bender, RG, Bensenor, IM, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Berhie, AY, Berice, BN, Bernstein, RS, Bertolacci, GJ, Bettencourt, PJG, Beyene, KA, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhangdia, K, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, PV, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitew, BD, Bitra, VR, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boampong, MS, Bobirca, AV, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Bogale, KA, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Borzutzky, A, Bouaoud, S, Boustany, A, Boxe, C, Boyko, EJ, Brady, OJ, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Briko, NI, Britton, G, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Carvalheiro, CG, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandika, RM, Chandrasekar, EK, Chang, C-K, Chang, J-C, Chanie, GS, Charalampous, P, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, P, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chaurasia, A, Chen, AW, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Cherbuin, N, Cheru, WA, Chien, J-H, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Claassens, MM, Claro, RM, Coberly, K, Cogen, RM, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Cousin, E, Couto, RAS, Cowden, RG, Cramer, KM, Criqui, MH, Cruz-Martins, N, Cuadra-Hernández, SM, Culbreth, GT, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, Curado, MP, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, Darega Gela, J, Das, JK, Das, S, Dascalu, AM, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Davey, G, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, de Luca, K, Debele, AT, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Dehghan, A, Deitesfeld, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demessa, BH, Demetriades, AK, Deng, K, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deravi, N, Dereje, N, Dervenis, N, Dervišević, E, Des Jarlais, DC, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Ding, H, Dinis-Oliveira, RJ, Dirac, MA, Djalalinia, S, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Doaei, S, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Dolecek, C, Dominguez, R-MV, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, dos Santos, WM, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Du, M, Dube, J, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, E'mar, AR, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Effendi, DE, Eikemo, TA, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Elema, TB, Elemam, NM, Elgar, FJ, Elgendy, IY, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elilo, LT, Elmeligy, OAA, Elmonem, MA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, CI, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fadaka, AO, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fahim, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Fasanmi, AO, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, NK, Fazeli, P, Feigin, VL, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, AJ, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Florin, BT, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Forthun, I, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Fowobaje, KR, Francis, KL, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, JE, Fux, B, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Gaidhane, AM, Gaihre, S, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galles, NC, Gallus, S, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gardner, WM, Garg, J, Garg, N, Gautam, RK, Gbadamosi, SO, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, TG, Georgescu, SR, Getachew, T, Gething, PW, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, KY, Ghasemi, M-R, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, RM, Ghimire, A, Ghoba, S, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghoshal, AG, Gill, PS, Gill, TK, Gillum, RF, Ginindza, TG, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomes, NGM, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Goulart, BNG, Goyal, A, Grada, A, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Gudeta, MD, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Guimarães, RA, Gulati, S, Gunawardane, DA, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, MK, Gupta, M, Gupta, RD, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gurmessa, L, Gutiérrez, RA, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadei, M, Hadi, NR, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, ES, Hall, BJ, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hamilton, EB, Han, C, Han, Q, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, GJ, Hanna, F, Hannan, MA, Haque, MN, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, MT, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hashi, A, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, He, J, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Helfer, B, Hendrie, D, Herrera-Serna, BY, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hezam, K, Hill, CL, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M-S, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hosseinzadeh Adli, A, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, VC-R, Hsu, RL, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultström, M, Humayun, A, Hundie, TG, Hussain, J, Hussain, MA, Hussein, NR, Hussien, FM, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ibrahim, KS, Iftikhar, PM, Ijo, D, Ikiroma, AI, Ikuta, KS, Ikwegbue, PC, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Inamdar, S, Indriasih, E, Iqhrammullah, M, Iradukunda, A, Iregbu, KC, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iyamu, IO, Iyer, M, J, LM, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Jaiswal, A, Jamshidi, E, Janko, MM, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jha, AK, Jha, RP, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jokar, M, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Joshy, G, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, DH, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, LR, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamal, VK, Kamarajah, SK, Kamath, R, Kamiab, Z, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, AR, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Kannan S, S, Kansal, SK, Kantar, RS, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karanth, SD, Karasneh, RA, Karaye, IM, Karch, A, Karim, A, Karimi, SE, Karimi Behnagh, A, Kashoo, FZ, Kasnazani, QHA, Kasraei, H, Kassebaum, NJ, Kassel, MB, Kauppila, JH, Kaur, N, Kawakami, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kazmi, TH, Kebebew, GM, Kebede, AD, Kebede, F, Keflie, TS, Keiyoro, PN, Keller, C, Kelly, JT, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, AA, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, IA, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khan, ZA, Khan suheb, MZ, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khorgamphar, M, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, MA, Kifle, ZD, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinzel, KE, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klu, D, Knudsen, AKS, Kocarnik, JM, Kochhar, S, Kocsis, T, Koh, DSQ, Kolahi, A-A, Kolves, K, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Kosen, S, Kostev, K, Koul, PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishna, H, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krohn, KJ, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, M, Kumar, R, Kumari, M, Kumie, FT, Kundu, S, Kurmi, OP, Kusnali, A, Kusuma, D, Kwarteng, A, Kyriopoulos, I, Kyu, HH, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lahmar, A, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, H, Lám, J, Landrum, KR, Lanfranchi, F, Lang, JJ, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Latief, K, Latifinaibin, K, Lauriola, P, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Le, TDT, Ledda, C, Ledesma, JR, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, SW, Lee, SWH, Lee, W-C, Lee, YH, LeGrand, KE, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Lerango, TL, Li, M-C, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Ligade, VS, Likaka, ATM, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lindstrom, M, Linehan, C, Liu, C, Liu, G, Liu, J, Liu, R, Liu, S, Liu, X, Llanaj, E, Loftus, MJ, López-Bueno, R, Lopukhov, PD, Loreche, AM, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Madadizadeh, F, Madsen, C, Madureira-Carvalho, ÁM, Maghazachi, AA, Maharaj, SB, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, A, Mahmoudi, E, Mahmoudi, R, Majeed, A, Makhdoom, IF, Malakan Rad, E, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, AK, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, P, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Maqsood, S, Marasini, BP, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Marconi, AM, Mardi, P, Marino, M, Marjani, A, Martinez, G, Martinez-Guerra, BA, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, D, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, RR, Masaka, A, Masrie, A, Mathieson, S, Mathioudakis, AG, Mathur, MR, Mattumpuram, J, Matzopoulos, R, Maude, RJ, Maugeri, A, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, Mazaheri, M, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, McKowen, ALW, McLaughlin, SA, McPhail, SM, Mechili, EA, Medina, JRC, Mediratta, RP, Meena, JK, Mehra, R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mekene Meto, T, Meles, GG, Mendez-Lopez, MAM, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengist, B, Mentis, A-FA, Meo, SA, Meresa, HA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mesfin, BA, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, KCD, Mettananda, S, Meylakhs, P, Mhlanga, A, Mhlanga, L, Mi, T, Miazgowski, T, Micha, G, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minh, LHN, Mini, GK, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, P, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirutse, MK, Mirzaei, M, Misganaw, A, Mishra, A, Misra, S, Mitchell, PB, Mithra, P, Mittal, C, Mobayen, M, Moberg, ME, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, MFH, Mohamed, NS, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mohan, V, Mojiri-Forushani, H, Mokari, A, Mokdad, AH, Molinaro, S, Molokhia, M, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, RS, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, SD, Morze, J, Mosser, JF, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, P, Mousavi, SE, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mpolya, EA, Mrejen, M, Mubarik, S, Muccioli, L, Mueller, UO, Mughal, F, Mukherjee, S, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musaigwa, F, Musallam, KM, Mustafa, A, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Muthusamy, R, Muzaffar, M, Myung, W, Nagarajan, AJ, Nagel, G, Naghavi, P, Naheed, A, Naik, 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Shahsavari, HR, Shahwan, MJ, Shaikh, A, Shaikh, MA, Shakeri, A, Shalash, AS, Sham, S, Shamim, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshad, H, Shamsi, MA, Shanawaz, M, Shankar, A, Sharfaei, S, Sharifan, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, R, Sharma, S, Sharma, U, Sharma, V, Shastry, RP, Shavandi, A, Shayan, M, Shehabeldine, AME, Sheikh, A, Sheikhi, RA, Shen, J, Shetty, A, Shetty, BSK, Shetty, PH, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, YH, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shitaye, NA, Shittu, A, Shiue, I, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Shokraneh, F, Shokri, A, Shool, S, Shorofi, SA, Shrestha, S, Shuval, K, Siddig, EE, Silva, JP, Silva, LMLR, Silva, S, Simpson, CR, Singal, A, Singh, A, Singh, BB, Singh, G, Singh, J, Singh, NP, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sinha, DN, Sinto, R, Siraj, MS, Sirota, SB, Sitas, F, Sivakumar, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Socea, B, Sokhan, A, Solanki, R, Solanki, S, Soleimani, H, Soliman, SSM, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, RJD, Soriano, JB, Soyiri, IN, Spartalis, M, Spearman, S, Sreeramareddy, CT, Srivastava, VK, Stanaway, JD, Stanikzai, MH, Stark, BA, Starnes, JR, Starodubova, AV, Stein, C, Stein, DJ, Steinbeis, F, Steiner, C, Steinmetz, JD, Steiropoulos, P, Stevanović, A, Stockfelt, L, Stokes, MA, Stortecky, S, Subramaniyan, V, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sultana, A, Sun, HZ, Sun, J, Sundström, J, Sunkersing, D, Sunnerhagen, KS, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, Szeto, MD, Szócska, M, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabatabaei Malazy, O, Tabatabaeizadeh, S-A, Tabatabai, S, Tabish, M, TADAKAMADLA, J, Tadakamadla, SK, Taheri Abkenar, Y, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taiba, J, Takahashi, K, Talaat, IM, Talukder, A, Tampa, M, Tamuzi, JL, Tan, K-K, Tandukar, S, Tang, H, Tang, HK, Tarigan, IU, Tariku, MK, Tariqujjaman, M, Tarkang, EE, Tavakoli Oliaee, R, Tavangar, SM, Taveira, N, Tefera, YM, Temsah, M-H, Temsah, RMH, Teramoto, M, Tesler, R, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Thakur, R, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, KR, Tharwat, S, Thayakaran, R, Thomas, N, Thomas, NK, Thomson, AM, Thrift, AG, Thum, CCC, Thygesen, LC, Tian, J, Tichopad, A, Ticoalu, JHV, Tillawi, T, Tiruye, TY, Titova, MV, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Toriola, AT, Torre, AE, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, JT, Tran, NM, Trico, D, Tromans, SJ, Truyen, TTTT, Tsatsakis, A, Tsegay, GM, Tsermpini, EE, Tumurkhuu, M, Tung, K, Tyrovolas, S, Uddin, SMN, Udoakang, AJ, Udoh, A, Ullah, A, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umakanthan, S, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Unsworth, CA, Upadhyay, E, Urso, D, Usman, JS, Vahabi, SM, Vaithinathan, AG, Valizadeh, R, Van de Velde, SM, Van den Eynde, J, Varga, O, Vart, P, Varthya, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vasic, M, Vaziri, S, Vellingiri, B, Venketasubramanian, N, Verghese, NA, Verma, M, Veroux, M, Verras, G-I, Vervoort, D, Villafañe, JH, Villanueva, GI, Vinayak, M, Violante, FS, Viskadourou, M, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vollset, SE, Vongpradith, A, Vos, T, Vujcic, IS, Vukovic, R, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, C, Wang, N, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Waqas, M, Ward, P, Wassie, EG, Watson, S, Watson, SLW, Weerakoon, KG, Wei, MY, Weintraub, RG, Weiss, DJ, Westerman, R, Whisnant, JL, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, DP, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilandika, A, Wilkerson, C, Willeit, P, Wilson, S, Wojewodzic, MW, Woldegebreal, DH, Wolf, AW, Wolfe, CDA, Wondimagegene, YA, Wong, YJ, Wongsin, U, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Wu, F, Wu, X, Wu, Z, Xia, J, Xiao, H, Xie, Y, Xu, S, Xu, W-D, Xu, X, Xu, YY, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yang, D, Yang, L, Yano, Y, Yao, Y, Yaribeygi, H, Ye, P, Yehualashet, SS, Yesiltepe, M, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yi, S, Yigezu, A, Yiğit, A, Yiğit, V, Yip, P, Yismaw, MB, Yismaw, Y, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuh, FH, Zadey, S, Zadnik, V, Zafari, N, Zakham, F, Zaki, N, Zaman, SB, Zamora, N, Zand, R, Zangiabadian, M, Zar, HJ, Zare, I, Zarrintan, A, Zeariya, MGM, Zeinali, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, H, Zhong, C, Zhou, J, Zhu, B, Zhu, L, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zitoun, OA, Zoladl, M, Zou, Z, Zuhlke, LJ, Zumla, A, Zweck, E, Zyoud, SH, Wool, EE, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

2. The integrated Earth system model version 1: Formulation and functionality

Author: Collins, WD, Craig, AP, Truesdale, JE, Di Vittorio, AV, Jones, AD, Bond-Lamberty, B, Calvin, KV, Edmonds, JA, Kim, SH, Thomson, AM, Patel, P, Zhou, Y, Mao, J, Shi, X, Thornton, PE, Chini, LP, and Hurtt, GC
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Abstract: The integrated Earth system model (iESM) has been developed as a new tool for projecting the joint human/climate system. The iESM is based upon coupling an integrated assessment model (IAM) and an Earth system model (ESM) into a common modeling infrastructure. IAMs are the primary tool for describing the human-Earth system, including the sources of global greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived species (SLS), land use and land cover change (LULCC), and other resource-related drivers of anthropogenic climate change. ESMs are the primary scientific tools for examining the physical, chemical, and biogeochemical impacts of human-induced changes to the climate system. The iESM project integrates the economic and human-dimension modeling of an IAM and a fully coupled ESM within a single simulation system while maintaining the separability of each model if needed. Both IAM and ESM codes are developed and used by large communities and have been extensively applied in recent national and international climate assessments. By introducing heretofore-omitted feedbacks between natural and societal drivers, we can improve scientific understanding of the human-Earth system dynamics. Potential applications include studies of the interactions and feedbacks leading to the timing, scale, and geographic distribution of emissions trajectories and other human influences, corresponding climate effects, and the subsequent impacts of a changing climate on human and natural systems. This paper describes the formulation, requirements, implementation, testing, and resulting functionality of the first version of the iESM released to the global climate community.
Published: 2015

3. Relationship between cerebral microvessels, pyramidal layer neurones and a nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve network in rat hippocampus: a morphological basis for flow-metabolism coupling in the brain?

Author: Brown, LA, Lovick, TA, Key, BJ, Thomson, AM, Ali, AB, and Pawelzik, H
Published: 2016

4. Nutrition during Pregnancy

Author: Thomson Am and Hytten Fe
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Fetus, Physiology, Maternal metabolism, Biology, medicine.disease, Maternal Physiology, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Overpopulation, Epidemiology, medicine, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, Nutrition during pregnancy
Abstract: This review focuses on the nutritional needs and reality of women while pregnant. In addition the physiology of the pregnant woman is discussed including the weight gain associated with pregnancy the energy and nutritional requirements of pregnancy and the changes is basic metabolism and homeostasis. Pregnant women are considered a nutritionally vulnerable group; however if women were so vulnerable why is there a massive overpopulation problem? That is to say that obviously many women living in nutritionally poor environments sustain healthy pregnancies. To investigate this paradox clinical and epidemiological studies are reviewed and it was found that: 1) in communities where dietary standards are not grossly defective the improved feeding of pregnant women produce only a marginal but by no means unimportant increase of reproductive efficiency; and 2) maternal stature has a considerable influence on reproductive efficiency possibly as a result of the influence of nutritional status during growth i.e. preceding pregnancy. This review compares recorded dietary intakes of pregnant women with recommended dietary allowances but such a comparison fails to produce cogent evidence of serious deficiencies. Nor was evidence found to indicate that many clinical abnormalities can be unequivocally attributed to dietary defects. Maternal weight gain and its implication for nutritional requirements are discussed. And alterations of maternal metabolism and homeostasis are now thought to favor transfer of nutrients to the fetus over uptake of nutrients by the maternal tissues; before these alterations had been viewed as signs of nutritional depletion.
Published: 2015
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5. Community-based reconstruction and simulation of a full-scale model of the rat hippocampus CA1 region.

Author: Romani A, Antonietti A, Bella D, Budd J, Giacalone E, Kurban K, Sáray S, Abdellah M, Arnaudon A, Boci E, Colangelo C, Courcol JD, Delemontex T, Ecker A, Falck J, Favreau C, Gevaert M, Hernando JB, Herttuainen J, Ivaska G, Kanari L, Kaufmann AK, King JG, Kumbhar P, Lange S, Lu H, Lupascu CA, Migliore R, Petitjean F, Planas J, Rai P, Ramaswamy S, Reimann MW, Riquelme JL, Román Guerrero N, Shi Y, Sood V, Sy MF, Van Geit W, Vanherpe L, Freund TF, Mercer A, Muller E, Schürmann F, Thomson AM, Migliore M, Káli S, and Markram H
Subjects: Animals, Rats, Theta Rhythm physiology, Synapses physiology, Acetylcholine metabolism, CA1 Region, Hippocampal physiology, Computer Simulation, Models, Neurological
Abstract: The CA1 region of the hippocampus is one of the most studied regions of the rodent brain, thought to play an important role in cognitive functions such as memory and spatial navigation. Despite a wealth of experimental data on its structure and function, it has been challenging to integrate information obtained from diverse experimental approaches. To address this challenge, we present a community-based, full-scale in silico model of the rat CA1 that integrates a broad range of experimental data, from synapse to network, including the reconstruction of its principal afferents, the Schaffer collaterals, and a model of the effects that acetylcholine has on the system. We tested and validated each model component and the final network model, and made input data, assumptions, and strategies explicit and transparent. The unique flexibility of the model allows scientists to potentially address a range of scientific questions. In this article, we describe the methods used to set up simulations to reproduce in vitro and in vivo experiments. Among several applications in the article, we focus on theta rhythm, a prominent hippocampal oscillation associated with various behavioral correlates and use our computer model to reproduce experimental findings. Finally, we make data, code, and model available through the hippocampushub.eu portal, which also provides an extensive set of analyses of the model and a user-friendly interface to facilitate adoption and usage. This community-based model represents a valuable tool for integrating diverse experimental data and provides a foundation for further research into the complex workings of the hippocampal CA1 region., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Romani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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6. Does type 2 diabetes duration influence the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise intervention: Results from the INTENSITY study.

Author: Thomson AM, Rioux BV, Hrubeniuk TJ, Bouchard DR, and Sénéchal M
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 physiopathology, Exercise physiology, Exercise Therapy methods
Abstract: Background: Studies suggest that longer durations of T2DM increase the risk of T2DM complications and premature mortality. However, whether T2DM duration impacts the efficacy of an aerobic exercise intervention is unclear., Objective: The purpose of this study was: 1) to compare changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and glycemia between individuals with short- and long-duration T2DM after aerobic exercise and 2) to determine whether these changes were associated with changes in glycemia by T2DM duration., Methods: A secondary analysis of the INTENSITY study (NCT03787836), including thirty-four adults (≥19 years) with T2DM who participated in 28 weeks of aerobic exercise training for 150 minutes per week at a moderate-to-vigorous intensity (4.5 to 6.0 metabolic equivalents (METs)). Using pre-established cut-points, participants were categorized into two groups 1) short-duration T2DM (<5 years) or 2) long-duration T2DM (≥5 years). Glycemia was measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body composition by BodPod, and cardiorespiratory fitness by a measure of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). All measurements were performed at baseline, 16 weeks, and 28 weeks., Results: Participants in the short-duration T2DM group experienced decreases in fat mass (kg) (p = 0.03), HbA1c (p = 0.05), and an increased relative VO2peak (p = 0.01). Those with long-duration T2DM experienced decreases in fat mass (kg) (p = 0.02) and HbA1c (p <0.001) and increased fat-free mass (p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed between groups in any outcomes. Changes in fat mass (r = 0.54, p = 0.02), and body fat percentage (r = 0.50, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the change in HbA1c in those with a long-duration T2DM only., Conclusion: Our results suggest T2DM duration did not differently impact the efficacy of a 28-week aerobic exercise intervention. However, changes in body composition were associated with better glycemia in individuals with longer T2DM duration only., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Thomson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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7. Chilean midwives' experiences while providing induced abortion care after the enactment of a law decriminalising abortion.

Author: Carvajal B, White H, Brooks J, Thomson AM, and Cooke A
Subjects: Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Chile, Emotions, Qualitative Research, Midwifery, Labor, Obstetric, Abortion, Induced, Nurse Midwives psychology
Abstract: Introduction: The recent change in Chilean legislation towards abortion enabled midwives to include the care of women having an induced abortion within their scope of practice. However, midwives' identity could be strained by induced abortion care provision as it is contrary to midwives' traditional role. Considering this, the aim of the study was to elucidate how Chilean midwives understand and provide abortion care., Methods: A constructivist grounded theory study was conducted using online semi-structured in-depth interviews. Midwives were purposively sampled considering maximum variation criteria and then theoretical sampling occurred. Saturation was achieved with fifteen interviews. Interviews were conducted in Spanish and then translated into English. Constant comparison analysis generated categories. Data were managed using NVivo 12. All interviewees provided their consent to be part of this study., Results: This article reports on the experiences of nine midwives who had provided lawful induced abortion care in Chile. The experiences of these midwives were grouped into two major categories: 'Defining a position towards abortion' and 'Abortion care is emotional labour'., Conclusion: Midwives can successfully provide abortion care despite being challenged by certain areas of it. Considering the high demand for emotional labour in abortion care, efforts should be made to increase midwives' emotional self-regulation skills. Likewise, organisations should strengthen and implement their offer of well-being and emotional self-care support to midwives., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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8. Navigating a maze: Midwives' identity response to the enactment of an abortion law in Chile.

Author: Carvajal B, White H, Brooks J, Thomson AM, and Cooke A
Subjects: Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Chile, Attitude of Health Personnel, Qualitative Research, Midwifery methods, Abortion, Induced, Abortion, Spontaneous, Nurse Midwives
Abstract: Background: Chilean midwives have been identified as essential for successfully implementing an abortion law, a practice which could potentially be understood as contradicting their central mission. Nevertheless, to date, there has been no investigation into how Chilean midwives have incorporated induced abortion care provision into their professional identity., Objective: To elucidate how Chilean midwives understand and provide abortion care and how they have (re)defined their professional identity to include induced abortion care. This article reports the findings of the second part of this aim., Methods: This study was underpinned by a constructivist grounded theory methodology informed by a reproductive justice and feminist perspective. Midwives from Chile who have cared for women undergoing abortion were invited to participate in the study. After purposive and theoretical sampling, fifteen midwives were recruited., Findings: Midwives' identity is woman-centred, with high value placed on their role protecting life. These two aspects of midwives' identity are in contradiction when providing abortion care. Midwives' identity results from and informs midwives' practice. Midwifery regulation influences both practice and identity. The model 'Navigating a maze' explains the interaction of these three elements., Conclusion: Midwives' identity response to the enactment of the Chilean abortion law is an example of how professional identity must navigate regulation and practice to make sense of its purpose. In light of this study's findings, the current tension experienced in midwives' identity should be carefully attended to prevent adverse outcomes for midwives and the Chilean population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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9. Global burden of sickle cell disease in 2021 - Authors' reply.

Author: Kassebaum NJ, Noyes TS, McHugh TA, Thomson AM, Hay SI, and Murray CJL
Subjects: Humans, Global Health, Anemia, Sickle Cell epidemiology
Abstract: Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests.
Published: 2023
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10. Experiences of midwives and nurses when implementing abortion policies: A systematic integrative review.

Author: Carvajal B, White H, Brooks J, Thomson AM, and Cooke A
Subjects: Attitude of Health Personnel, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Policy, Pregnancy, Qualitative Research, Abortion, Induced, Midwifery, Nurses
Abstract: Introduction: Policy implementation can be affected by what individuals believe to be right and wrong. When implementing abortion policies, providers' moral beliefs can be relevant in the success of the implementation process. Considering that midwives and nurses are direct providers of abortion care, exploring their experiences related to abortion policy implementation could provide helpful information to prevent policy failure., Methods: Systematic integrative review. The studies were identified through an electronic search strategy and the screening of the reference lists of all selected articles. Studies were retrieved from eight medical and social sciences databases. Thirty-one studies focused on midwives' and nurses' experiences of implementing abortion policies, irrespective of setting or age of study were included in this review. Studies included used qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool version 2018. No study was excluded from this review based on its quality appraisal., Results: In terms of their quality, most studies included in this review were conducted appropriately. Three superordinate themes represent the main elements that challenge midwives and nurses when providing abortion care. The first superordinate theme identified that many midwives and nurses believed fetuses are sentient beings, making them worthy of compassionate treatment. The next superordinate theme was focused on preferences and expectations about abortion care. Finally, the third superordinate theme illustrates midwives' and nurses' experiences with other team members, highlights their creativity when challenged with insufficient resources and provides a glimpse of the numerous techniques used for coping with work-related stress., Conclusion: Midwives and nurses worldwide face multiple challenges when providing abortion care. Guidelines aiming to support policy implementation should consider how abortion affects healthcare providers and suggest appropriate measures to reduce these and other barriers. Midwives and nurses technical and ethical competencies for abortion provision should be strengthened., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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11. Circuits and Synapses: Hypothesis, Observation, Controversy and Serendipity - An Opinion Piece.

Author: Thomson AM
Subjects: Animals, Neurons, Synapses, Butterflies
Abstract: More than a century of dedicated research has resulted in what we now know, and what we think we know, about synapses and neural circuits. This piece asks to what extent some of the major advances - both theoretical and practical - have resulted from carefully considered theory, or experimental design: endeavors that aim to address a question, or to refute an existing hypothesis. It also, however, addresses the important part that serendipity and chance have played. There are cases where hypothesis driven research has resulted in important progress. There are also examples where a hypothesis, a model, or even an experimental approach - particularly one that seems to provide welcome simplification - has become so popular that it becomes dogma and stifles advance in other directions. The nervous system rejoices in complexity, which should neither be ignored, nor run from. The emergence of testable "rules" that can simplify our understanding of neuronal circuits has required the collection of large amounts of data that were difficult to obtain. And although those collecting these data have been criticized for not advancing hypotheses while they were "collecting butterflies," the beauty of the butterflies always enticed us toward further exploration., Competing Interests: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Thomson.)
Published: 2021
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12. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: impact of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer on quality-of-life outcomes.

Author: Morgan JL, Shrestha A, Reed MWR, Herbert E, Bradburn M, Walters SJ, Martin C, Collins K, Ward S, Holmes G, Burton M, Lifford K, Edwards A, Ring A, Robinson T, Chater T, Pemberton K, Brennan A, Cheung KL, Todd A, Audisio R, Wright J, Simcock R, Thomson AM, Gosney M, Hatton M, Green T, Revill D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter MC, Naik J, Parmeschwar R, and Wyld L
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms psychology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mastectomy, Prospective Studies, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal therapeutic use, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Quality of Life
Abstract: Background: Primary endocrine therapy may be an alternative treatment for less fit women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. This study compared quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in older women treated with surgery or primary endocrine therapy., Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study of surgery or primary endocrine therapy in women aged over 70 years with operable breast cancer. QoL was assessed using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of cancer QoL questionnaires QLQ-C30, -BR23, and -ELD14, and the EuroQol Five Dimensions 5L score at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for baseline variation in health, fitness, and tumour stage., Results: The study recruited 3416 women (median age 77 (range 69-102) years) from 56 breast units. Of these, 2979 (87.2 per cent) had ER-positive breast cancer; 2354 women had surgery and 500 received primary endocrine therapy (125 were excluded from analysis due to inadequate data or non-standard therapy). Median follow-up was 52 months. The primary endocrine therapy group was older and less fit. Baseline QoL differed between the groups; the mean(s.d.) QLQ-C30 global health status score was 66.2(21.1) in patients who received primary endocrine therapy versus 77.1(17.8) among those who had surgery plus endocrine therapy. In the unmatched analysis, changes in QoL between 6 weeks and baseline were noted in several domains, but by 24 months most scores had returned to baseline levels. In the matched analysis, major surgery (mastectomy or axillary clearance) had a more pronounced adverse impact than primary endocrine therapy in several domains., Conclusion: Adverse effects on QoL are seen in the first few months after surgery, but by 24 months these have largely resolved. Women considering surgery should be informed of these effects., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Society Ltd.)
Published: 2021
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13. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer. Impacts of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor positive early breast cancer. A risk stratified analysis of survival outcomes and quality of life.

Author: Wyld L, Reed MWR, Morgan J, Collins K, Ward S, Holmes GR, Bradburn M, Walters S, Burton M, Herbert E, Lifford K, Edwards A, Ring A, Robinson T, Martin C, Chater T, Pemberton K, Shrestha A, Brennan A, Cheung KL, Todd A, Audisio R, Wright J, Simcock R, Green T, Revell D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter M, Naik J, Parmeshwar R, Patnick J, Gosney M, Hatton M, and Thomson AM
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Female, Humans, Propensity Score, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Quality of Life psychology
Abstract: Background: Age-related breast cancer treatment variance is widespread with many older women having primary endocrine therapy (PET), which may contribute to inferior survival and local control. This propensity-matched study determined if a subgroup of older women may safely be offered PET., Methods: Multicentre, prospective, UK, observational cohort study with propensity-matched analysis to determine optimal allocation of surgery plus ET (S+ET) or PET in women aged ≥70 with breast cancer. Data on fitness, frailty, cancer stage, grade, biotype, treatment and quality of life were collected. Propensity-matching (based on age, health status and cancer stage) adjusted for allocation bias when comparing S+ET with PET., Findings: A total of 3416 women (median age 77, range 69-102) were recruited from 56 breast units-2854 (88%) had ER+ breast cancer: 2354 had S+ET and 500 PET. Median follow-up was 52 months. Patients treated with PET were older and frailer than patients treated with S+ET. Unmatched overall survival was inferior in the PET group (hazard ratio, (HR) 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.33, P < 0.001). Unmatched breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was also inferior in patients treated with PET (HR: 0.41, CI: 0.29-0.58, P < 0.001 for BCSS). In the matched analysis, PET was still associated with an inferior overall survival (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.98, P = 0.04) but not BCSS (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.40-1.37, P = 0.34) although at 4-5 years subtle divergence of the curves commenced in favor of surgery. Global health status diverged at certain time points between groups but over 24 months was similar when adjusted for baseline variance., Interpretation: For the majority of older women with early ER+ breast cancer, surgery is oncologically superior to PET. In less fit, older women, with characteristics similar to the matched cohort of this study (median age 81 with higher comorbidity and functional impairment burdens, the BCSS survival differential disappears at least out to 4-5 year follow-up, suggesting that for those with less than 5-year predicted life-expectancy (>90 years or >85 with comorbidities or frailty) individualised decision making regarding PET versus S+ET may be appropriate and safe to offer. The Age Gap online decision tool may support this decision-making process (https://agegap.shef.ac.uk/)., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN: 46099296., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement None declared., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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14. Data-driven integration of hippocampal CA1 synaptic physiology in silico.

Author: Ecker A, Romani A, Sáray S, Káli S, Migliore M, Falck J, Lange S, Mercer A, Thomson AM, Muller E, Reimann MW, and Ramaswamy S
Subjects: Animals, Neocortex physiology, Synaptic Transmission physiology, CA1 Region, Hippocampal physiology, Computer Simulation, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Models, Neurological, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Synapses physiology
Abstract: The anatomy and physiology of monosynaptic connections in rodent hippocampal CA1 have been extensively studied in recent decades. Yet, the resulting knowledge remains disparate and difficult to reconcile. Here, we present a data-driven approach to integrate the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the synaptic anatomy and physiology of rodent hippocampal CA1, including axo-dendritic innervation patterns, number of synapses per connection, quantal conductances, neurotransmitter release probability, and short-term plasticity into a single coherent resource. First, we undertook an extensive literature review of paired recordings of hippocampal neurons and compiled experimental data on their synaptic anatomy and physiology. The data collected in this manner is sparse and inhomogeneous due to the diversity of experimental techniques used by different groups, which necessitates the need for an integrative framework to unify these data. To this end, we extended a previously developed workflow for the neocortex to constrain a unifying in silico reconstruction of the synaptic physiology of CA1 connections. Our work identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and provides a complementary resource toward a more complete quantification of synaptic anatomy and physiology in the rodent hippocampal CA1 region., (© 2020 The Authors. Hippocampus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2020
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15. Integration of geoscience frameworks into digital pathology analysis permits quantification of microarchitectural relationships in histological landscapes.

Author: Kendall TJ, Duff CM, Thomson AM, and Iredale JP
Subjects: Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Kidney ultrastructure, Liver ultrastructure, Liver Diseases pathology, Machine Learning, Mice, Organ Specificity, Pancreas ultrastructure, Reproducibility of Results, Software, Thyroid Diseases pathology, Thyroid Gland ultrastructure, Earth Sciences methods, Histological Techniques, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Pathology, Clinical methods
Abstract: Although gold-standard histological assessment is subjective it remains central to diagnosis and clinical trial protocols and is crucial for the evaluation of any preclinical disease model. Objectivity and reproducibility are enhanced by quantitative analysis of histological images but current methods require application-specific algorithm training and fail to extract understanding from the histological context of observable features. We reinterpret histopathological images as disease landscapes to describe a generalisable framework defining topographic relationships in tissue using geoscience approaches. The framework requires no user-dependent training to operate on all image datasets in a classifier-agnostic manner but is adaptable and scalable, able to quantify occult abnormalities, derive mechanistic insights, and define a new feature class for machine-learning diagnostic classification. We demonstrate application to inflammatory, fibrotic and neoplastic disease in multiple organs, including the detection and quantification of occult lobular enlargement in the liver secondary to hilar obstruction. We anticipate this approach will provide a robust class of histological data for trial stratification or endpoints, provide quantitative endorsement of experimental models of disease, and could be incorporated within advanced approaches to clinical diagnostic pathology.
Published: 2020
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16. Phenomenology and Outcomes of In-Patients With Parkinson's Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Author: Kobylecki C, Jones T, Lim CK, Miller C, and Thomson AM
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections mortality, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Dementia complications, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Parkinson Disease mortality, Parkinson Disease therapy, Pneumonia, Viral mortality, Pneumonia, Viral therapy, Coronavirus Infections complications, Pandemics, Parkinson Disease complications, Pneumonia, Viral complications
Published: 2020
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17. Tardive dyskinesia after drug withdrawal in two older adults: Clinical features, complications and management.

Author: Thomson AM, Wallace J, and Kobylecki C
Subjects: Aged, Dopamine Antagonists therapeutic use, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Metoclopramide therapeutic use, Pimozide therapeutic use, Retreatment, Sampling Studies, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome drug therapy, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome physiopathology, Tardive Dyskinesia drug therapy, Tardive Dyskinesia physiopathology, Treatment Outcome, Dopamine Antagonists adverse effects, Metoclopramide adverse effects, Pimozide adverse effects, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome etiology, Tardive Dyskinesia chemically induced
Published: 2019
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18. The physiological variability of channel density in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons explored using a unified data-driven modeling workflow.

Author: Migliore R, Lupascu CA, Bologna LL, Romani A, Courcol JD, Antonel S, Van Geit WAH, Thomson AM, Mercer A, Lange S, Falck J, Rössert CA, Shi Y, Hagens O, Pezzoli M, Freund TF, Kali S, Muller EB, Schürmann F, Markram H, and Migliore M
Subjects: Action Potentials physiology, Animals, Electrophysiology, Male, Models, Neurological, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Synaptic Transmission physiology, Hippocampus physiology, Interneurons physiology, Neurons physiology, Pyramidal Cells physiology
Abstract: Every neuron is part of a network, exerting its function by transforming multiple spatiotemporal synaptic input patterns into a single spiking output. This function is specified by the particular shape and passive electrical properties of the neuronal membrane, and the composition and spatial distribution of ion channels across its processes. For a variety of physiological or pathological reasons, the intrinsic input/output function may change during a neuron's lifetime. This process results in high variability in the peak specific conductance of ion channels in individual neurons. The mechanisms responsible for this variability are not well understood, although there are clear indications from experiments and modeling that degeneracy and correlation among multiple channels may be involved. Here, we studied this issue in biophysical models of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and interneurons. Using a unified data-driven simulation workflow and starting from a set of experimental recordings and morphological reconstructions obtained from rats, we built and analyzed several ensembles of morphologically and biophysically accurate single cell models with intrinsic electrophysiological properties consistent with experimental findings. The results suggest that the set of conductances expressed in any given hippocampal neuron may be considered as belonging to two groups: one subset is responsible for the major characteristics of the firing behavior in each population and the other is responsible for a robust degeneracy. Analysis of the model neurons suggests several experimentally testable predictions related to the combination and relative proportion of the different conductances that should be expressed on the membrane of different types of neurons for them to fulfill their role in the hippocampus circuitry., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2018
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19. Quantifying gross vs. net agricultural land use change in Great Britain using the Integrated Administration and Control System.

Author: Tomlinson SJ, Dragosits U, Levy PE, Thomson AM, and Moxley J
Abstract: Land use change has impacts upon many natural processes, and is one of the key measures of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystems. Agricultural land covers 70% of Great Britain's (GB) land surface and annually undergoes disturbance and change through farming practices such as crop rotation, ploughing and the planting and subsequent logging of forestry. It is important to quantify how much of GB's agricultural land undergoes such changes and what those changes are at an annual temporal resolution. Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) data give annual snapshots of agricultural land use at the field level, allowing for high resolution spatiotemporal land use change studies at the national scale. Crucially, not only do the data allow for simple net change studies (total area change of a land use, in a specific areal unit) but also for gross change calculations (summation of all changes to and from a land use), meaning that both gains and losses to and from each land use category can be defined. In this study we analysed IACS data for GB from 2005 to 2013, and quantified gross change for over 90% of the agricultural area in GB for the first time. It was found that gross change totalled 63,500 km 2 in GB compared to 20,600 km 2 of net change, i.e. the real year-on-year change is, on average, three times larger than net change. This detailed information on nature of land use change allows for increased accuracy in modelling the impact of land use change on ecosystem processes and is directly applicable across EU member states, where collection of such survey data is a requirement. The modelled carbon flux associated with gross land use change was at times >100 Gg C y -1 larger than that based on net land use change for some land use transitions., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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20. Complete plastome sequences from Bertholletia excelsa and 23 related species yield informative markers for Lecythidaceae.

Author: Thomson AM, Vargas OM, and Dick CW
Abstract: Premise of the Study: The tropical tree family Lecythidaceae has enormous ecological and economic importance in the Amazon basin. Lecythidaceae species can be difficult to identify without molecular data, however, and phylogenetic relationships within and among the most diverse genera are poorly resolved., Methods: To develop informative genetic markers for Lecythidaceae, we used genome skimming to de novo assemble the full plastome of the Brazil nut tree ( Bertholletia excelsa ) and 23 other Lecythidaceae species. Indices of nucleotide diversity and phylogenetic signal were used to identify regions suitable for genetic marker development., Results: The B. excelsa plastome contained 160,472 bp and was arranged in a quadripartite structure. Using the 24 plastome alignments, we developed primers for 10 coding and non-coding DNA regions containing exceptional nucleotide diversity and phylogenetic signal. We also developed 19 chloroplast simple sequence repeats for population-level studies., Discussion: The coding region ycf1 and the spacer rpl16-rps3 outperformed plastid DNA markers previously used for barcoding and phylogenetics. Used in a phylogenetic analysis, the matrix of 24 plastomes showed with 100% bootstrap support that Lecythis and Eschweilera are polyphyletic. The plastomes and primers presented in this study will facilitate a broad array of ecological and evolutionary studies in Lecythidaceae.
Published: 2018
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21. Cornu Ammonis Regions-Antecedents of Cortical Layers?

Author: Mercer A and Thomson AM
Abstract: Studying neocortex and hippocampus in parallel, we are struck by the similarities. All three to four layered allocortices and the six layered mammalian neocortex arise in the pallium. All receive and integrate multiple cortical and subcortical inputs, provide multiple outputs and include an array of neuronal classes. During development, each cell positions itself to sample appropriate local and distant inputs and to innervate appropriate targets. Simpler cortices had already solved the need to transform multiple coincident inputs into serviceable outputs before neocortex appeared in mammals. Why then do phylogenetically more recent cortices need multiple pyramidal cell layers? A simple answer is that more neurones can compute more complex functions. The dentate gyrus and hippocampal CA regions-which might be seen as hippocampal antecedents of neocortical layers-lie side by side, albeit around a tight bend. Were the millions of cells of rat neocortex arranged in like fashion, the surface area of the CA pyramidal cell layers would be some 40 times larger. Even if evolution had managed to fold this immense sheet into the space available, the distances between neurones that needed to be synaptically connected would be huge and to maintain the speed of information transfer, massive, myelinated fiber tracts would be needed. How much more practical to stack the "cells that fire and wire together" into narrow columns, while retaining the mechanisms underlying the extraordinary precision with which circuits form. This demonstrably efficient arrangement presents us with challenges, however, not the least being to categorize the baffling array of neuronal subtypes in each of five "pyramidal layers." If we imagine the puzzle posed by this bewildering jumble of apical dendrites, basal dendrites and axons, from many different pyramidal and interneuronal classes, that is encountered by a late-arriving interneurone insinuating itself into a functional circuit, we can perhaps begin to understand why definitive classification, covering every aspect of each neurone's structure and function, is such a challenge. Here, we summarize and compare the development of these two cortices, the properties of their neurones, the circuits they form and the ordered, unidirectional flow of information from one hippocampal region, or one neocortical layer, to another.
Published: 2017
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22. Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a randomised controlled trial.

Author: Ahern AL, Wheeler GM, Aveyard P, Boyland EJ, Halford JCG, Mander AP, Woolston J, Thomson AM, Tsiountsioura M, Cole D, Mead BR, Irvine L, Turner D, Suhrcke M, Pimpin L, Retat L, Jaccard A, Webber L, Cohn SR, and Jebb SA
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy economics, Body Weight, Cost-Benefit Analysis, England, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Care Costs statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity economics, Obesity physiopathology, Primary Health Care economics, Quality of Life, Referral and Consultation organization & administration, Socioeconomic Factors, State Medicine economics, State Medicine organization & administration, Time Factors, Weight Loss, Weight Reduction Programs economics, Behavior Therapy organization & administration, Obesity therapy, Primary Health Care organization & administration, Weight Reduction Programs organization & administration
Abstract: Background: Evidence exist that primary care referral to an open-group behavioural programme is an effective strategy for management of obesity, but little evidence on optimal intervention duration is available. We aimed to establish whether 52-week referral to an open-group weight-management programme would achieve greater weight loss and improvements in a range of health outcomes and be more cost-effective than the current practice of 12-week referrals., Methods: In this non-blinded, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, we recruited participants who were aged 18 years or older and had body-mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m 2 or higher from 23 primary care practices in England. Participants were randomly assigned (2:5:5) to brief advice and self-help materials, a weight-management programme (Weight Watchers) for 12 weeks, or the same weight-management programme for 52 weeks. We followed-up participants over 2 years. The primary outcome was weight at 1 year of follow-up, analysed with mixed-effects models according to intention-to-treat principles and adjusted for centre and baseline weight. In a hierarchical closed-testing procedure, we compared combined behavioural programme arms with brief intervention, then compared the 12-week programme and 52-week programme. We did a within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis using person-level data and modelled outcomes over a 25-year time horizon using microsimulation. This study is registered with Current Controlled Trials, number ISRCTN82857232., Findings: Between Oct 18, 2012, and Feb 10, 2014, we enrolled 1269 participants. 1267 eligible participants were randomly assigned to the brief intervention (n=211), the 12-week programme (n=528), and the 52-week programme (n=528). Two participants in the 12-week programme had been found to be ineligible shortly after randomisation and were excluded from the analysis. 823 (65%) of 1267 participants completed an assessment at 1 year and 856 (68%) participants at 2 years. All eligible participants were included in the analyses. At 1 year, mean weight changes in the groups were -3·26 kg (brief intervention), -4·75 kg (12-week programme), and -6·76 kg (52-week programme). Participants in the behavioural programme lost more weight than those in the brief intervention (adjusted difference -2·71 kg, 95% CI -3·86 to -1·55; p<0·0001). The 52-week programme was more effective than the 12-week programme (-2·14 kg, -3·05 to -1·22; p<0·0001). Differences between groups were still significant at 2 years. No adverse events related to the intervention were reported. Over 2 years, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER; compared with brief intervention) was £159 per kg lost for the 52-week programme and £91 per kg for the 12-week programme. Modelled over 25 years after baseline, the ICER for the 12-week programme was dominant compared with the brief intervention. The ICER for the 52-week programme was cost-effective compared with the brief intervention (£2394 per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) and the 12-week programme (£3804 per QALY)., Interpretation: For adults with overweight or obesity, referral to this open-group behavioural weight-loss programme for at least 12 weeks is more effective than brief advice and self-help materials. A 52-week programme produces greater weight loss and other clinical benefits than a 12-week programme and, although it costs more, modelling suggests that the 52-week programme is cost-effective in the longer term., Funding: National Prevention Research Initiative, Weight Watchers International (as part of an UK Medical Research Council Industrial Collaboration Award)., (Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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23. Abortion and reproductive justice - The Unfinished Revolution II Ulster University, Northern Ireland June 2-3, 2016.

Author: Thomson AM
Subjects: Female, Humans, Northern Ireland, Pregnancy, Abortion, Induced ethics, Abortion, Induced legislation & jurisprudence, Congresses as Topic, Jurisprudence, Social Justice trends
Published: 2016
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24. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subunits Play a Direct Structural Role in Synaptic Contact Formation via Their N-terminal Extracellular Domains.

Author: Brown LE, Nicholson MW, Arama JE, Mercer A, Thomson AM, and Jovanovic JN
Subjects: Animals, Cell Membrane metabolism, Coculture Techniques, Extracellular Space metabolism, Female, Glycosylation, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Pregnancy, Receptors, GABA-A chemistry, Receptors, GABA-A metabolism, Synapses metabolism
Abstract: The establishment of cell-cell contacts between presynaptic GABAergic neurons and their postsynaptic targets initiates the process of GABAergic synapse formation. GABAA receptors (GABAARs), the main postsynaptic receptors for GABA, have been recently demonstrated to act as synaptogenic proteins that can single-handedly induce the formation and functional maturation of inhibitory synapses. To establish how the subunit composition of GABAARs influences their ability to induce synaptogenesis, a co-culture model system incorporating GABAergic medium spiny neurons and the HEK293 cells, stably expressing different combinations of receptor subunits, was developed. Analyses of HEK293 cell innervation by medium spiny neuron axons using immunocytochemistry, activity-dependent labeling, and electrophysiology have indicated that the γ2 subunit is required for the formation of active synapses and that its effects are influenced by the type of α/β subunits incorporated into the functional receptor. To further characterize this process, the large N-terminal extracellular domains (ECDs) of α1, α2, β2, and γ2 subunits were purified using the baculovirus/Sf9 cell system. When these proteins were applied to the co-cultures of MSNs and α1/β2/γ2-expressing HEK293 cells, the α1, β2, or γ2 ECD each caused a significant reduction in contact formation, in contrast to the α2 ECD, which had no effect. Together, our experiments indicate that the structural role of GABAARs in synaptic contact formation is determined by their subunit composition, with the N-terminal ECDs of each of the subunits directly participating in interactions between the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, suggesting the these interactions are multivalent and specific., (© 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)
Published: 2016
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25. An exploration of the effects of clinical negligence litigation on the practice of midwives in England: A phenomenological study.

Author: Robertson JH and Thomson AM
Subjects: England, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Maternal Health Services, Organizational Culture, Pregnancy, Professional Role psychology, Professional-Patient Relations, State Medicine, Attitude of Health Personnel, Job Satisfaction, Malpractice legislation & jurisprudence, Medical Errors legislation & jurisprudence, Midwifery legislation & jurisprudence, Nurse Midwives psychology
Abstract: Objective: to explore how midwives׳ personal involvement in clinical negligence litigation affects their midwifery practice., Design: descriptive phenomenological study using semi-structured interviews., Setting: in 2006-2007 in-depth interviews were conducted in participants׳ homes or at their place of work and focused on participants׳ experience of litigation. Participants were recruited from various regions of England., Participants: 22 National Health Service (NHS) midwives who had been alleged negligent., Findings: clinical practice affected was an increase in documentation, fear of practising outside clinical guidelines and electronic fetal monitoring of women at low obstetric risk; these changes were not widespread. Changes in practice were sometimes perceived negatively and sometimes positively. Forming a good relationship with childbearing women was judged to promote effective midwifery care but litigation had affected the ability of a minority of midwives to advocate for women if this relationship had not been established. Litigation could result in loss of confidence leading to self-doubt, isolation, increased readiness to seek medical assistance and avoidance of working in the labour ward, perceived as an area with a high risk of litigation. A blame culture in the NHS was perceived by several midwives. In contrast an open non-punitive culture resulted in midwives readily reporting mistakes to risk managers. Litigation lowered midwifery morale and damaged professional reputations, particularly when reported in the newspapers. Some midwives expressed thoughts of leaving midwifery or taking time off work because of litigation but only one was actively seeking other employment, another took sick leave and one had left midwifery and returned to nursing., Key Conclusions: litigation can have a negative effect on midwives׳ clinical practice and morale and fosters a culture of blame within the NHS., Implications for Practice: education regarding appropriate documentation, use or non-use of electronic fetal monitoring and the legal status of clinical guidelines will enable midwives to respond proportionately to the threat of litigation. A culture of openness and sharing the problem when adverse events occur would help to extinguish the current blame culture in the National Health Service. Litigation must be recognised by management as capable of inducing loss of confidence and reluctance to work in the labour ward. Promoting teamwork will help support these midwives. The potential for litigation in maternity care could affect retention of the midwifery workforce., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2016
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26. GABAA receptor activity shapes the formation of inhibitory synapses between developing medium spiny neurons.

Author: Arama J, Abitbol K, Goffin D, Fuchs C, Sihra TS, Thomson AM, and Jovanovic JN
Abstract: Basal ganglia play an essential role in motor coordination and cognitive functions. The GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) account for ~95% of all the neurons in this brain region. Central to the normal functioning of MSNs is integration of synaptic activity arriving from the glutamatergic corticostriatal and thalamostriatal afferents, with synaptic inhibition mediated by local interneurons and MSN axon collaterals. In this study we have investigated how the specific types of GABAergic synapses between the MSNs develop over time, and how the activity of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) influences this development. Isolated embryonic (E17) MSNs form a homogenous population in vitro and display spontaneous synaptic activity and functional properties similar to their in vivo counterparts. In dual whole-cell recordings of synaptically connected pairs of MSNs, action potential (AP)-activated synaptic events were detected between 7 and 14 days in vitro (DIV), which coincided with the shift in GABAAR operation from depolarization to hyperpolarization, as detected indirectly by intracellular calcium imaging. In parallel, the predominant subtypes of inhibitory synapses, which innervate dendrites of MSNs and contain GABAAR α1 or α2 subunits, underwent distinct changes in the size of postsynaptic clusters, with α1 becoming smaller and α2 larger over time, while both the percentage and the size of mixed α1/α2-postsynaptic clusters were increased. When activity of GABAARs was under chronic blockade between 4-7 DIV, the structural properties of these synapses remained unchanged. In contrast, chronic inhibition of GABAARs between 7-14 DIV led to reduction in size of α1- and α1/α2-postsynaptic clusters and a concomitant increase in number and size of α2-postsynaptic clusters. Thus, the main subtypes of GABAergic synapses formed by MSNs are regulated by GABAAR activity, but in opposite directions, and thus appear to be driven by different molecular mechanisms.
Published: 2015
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26 results on '"Thomson AM"'

1. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

2. The integrated Earth system model version 1: Formulation and functionality

3. Relationship between cerebral microvessels, pyramidal layer neurones and a nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve network in rat hippocampus: a morphological basis for flow-metabolism coupling in the brain?

4. Nutrition during Pregnancy

5. Community-based reconstruction and simulation of a full-scale model of the rat hippocampus CA1 region.

6. Does type 2 diabetes duration influence the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise intervention: Results from the INTENSITY study.

7. Chilean midwives' experiences while providing induced abortion care after the enactment of a law decriminalising abortion.

8. Navigating a maze: Midwives' identity response to the enactment of an abortion law in Chile.

9. Global burden of sickle cell disease in 2021 - Authors' reply.

10. Experiences of midwives and nurses when implementing abortion policies: A systematic integrative review.

11. Circuits and Synapses: Hypothesis, Observation, Controversy and Serendipity - An Opinion Piece.

12. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: impact of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer on quality-of-life outcomes.

13. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer. Impacts of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor positive early breast cancer. A risk stratified analysis of survival outcomes and quality of life.

14. Data-driven integration of hippocampal CA1 synaptic physiology in silico.

15. Integration of geoscience frameworks into digital pathology analysis permits quantification of microarchitectural relationships in histological landscapes.

16. Phenomenology and Outcomes of In-Patients With Parkinson's Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

17. Tardive dyskinesia after drug withdrawal in two older adults: Clinical features, complications and management.

18. The physiological variability of channel density in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons explored using a unified data-driven modeling workflow.

19. Quantifying gross vs. net agricultural land use change in Great Britain using the Integrated Administration and Control System.

20. Complete plastome sequences from Bertholletia excelsa and 23 related species yield informative markers for Lecythidaceae.

21. Cornu Ammonis Regions-Antecedents of Cortical Layers?

22. Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a randomised controlled trial.

23. Abortion and reproductive justice - The Unfinished Revolution II Ulster University, Northern Ireland June 2-3, 2016.

24. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subunits Play a Direct Structural Role in Synaptic Contact Formation via Their N-terminal Extracellular Domains.

25. An exploration of the effects of clinical negligence litigation on the practice of midwives in England: A phenomenological study.

26. GABAA receptor activity shapes the formation of inhibitory synapses between developing medium spiny neurons.

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26 results on '"Thomson AM"'

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