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3. Nationwide tuberculosis outbreak in the USA linked to a bone graft product: an outbreak report

Author

Schwartz, Noah G, Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C, Annambhotla, Pallavi, Filardo, Thomas D, Althomsons, Sandy P, Free, Rebecca J, Li, Ruoran, Wyatt Wilson, W, Deutsch-Feldman, Molly, Drees, Marci, Hanlin, Emily, White, Kelly, Lehman, Kimberly A, Thacker, Tyler C, Brubaker, Scott A, Clark, Brychan, Basavaraju, Sridhar V, Benowitz, Isaac, Burton Glowicz, Janet, Cowan, Lauren S, Starks, Angela M, Bamrah Morris, Sapna, LoBue, Philip, Stewart, Rebekah J, Wortham, Jonathan M, and Haddad, Maryam B

Published
2022
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4. Outbreak of Mycobacterium orygis in a Shipment of Cynomolgus Macaques Imported from Southeast Asia--United States, February-May 2023

Author

Swisher, Samantha D., Taetzsch, Sara J., Laughlin, Mark E., Walker, William L., Langer, Adam J., Thacker, Tyler C., Rinsky, Jessica L., Lehman, Kimberly A., Taffe, Anne, Burton, Nancy, Bravo, Doris M., McDonald Emily, Brown, Clive M., and Pieracci, Emily G.

Subjects
Imports -- Laws, regulations, etc., Biosafety, Quarantine, Tuberculosis, Zoonoses, Public health, Health
Abstract

Introduction CDC regulates nonhuman primate (NHP) importation and quarantine under the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S. Code 264). All NHP entering the United States must be imported by CDC-registered [...]

Published
2024

5. Second Nationwide Tuberculosis Outbreak Caused by Bone Allografts Containing Live Cells--United States, 2023

Author

Wortham, Jonathan M., Haddad, Maryam B., Stewart, Rebekah J., Annambhotla, Pallavi, Basavaraju, Sridhar V., Nabity, Scott A., Griffin, Isabel S., McDonald, Emily, Beshearse, Elizabeth M., Grossman, Marissa K., Schildknecht, Kimberly R., Calvet, Helene M., Keh, Chris E., Percak, Jeffrey M., Coloma, Myron, Shaw, Tambi, Davidson, Peter J., Smith, Shona R., Dickson, Robert P., Kaul, Daniel R., Gonzalez, Annett R., Rai, Saroj, Rodriguez, Gretchen, Morris, Sandra, Armitige, Lisa Y., Stapleton, Jessica, Lacassagne, Michael, Young, Laura R., Ariail, Kiley, Behm, Heidi, Jordan, Hannah T., Spencer, Magdalene, Nilsen, Diana M., Denison, Brenda Montoya, Burgos, Marcos, Leonard, Juliet M., Cortes, Erick, Thacker, Tyler C., Lehman, Kimberly A., Langer, Adam J., Cowan, Lauren S., Starks, Angela M., and LoBue, Philip A.

Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration, Nucleic acids, Homografts, Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Public health, Health
Abstract

Introduction On July 7, 2023, a state health department notified CDC that an otherwise healthy adult experienced symptoms of meningitis 5 weeks after spinal fusion surgery that incorporated a bone [...]

Published
2024

8. Pathogen Detection in Early Phases of Experimental Bovine Tuberculosis.

Author

Palmer, Mitchell V., Kanipe, Carly, Hwang, Soyoun, Thacker, Tyler C., Lehman, Kimberly A., Ledesma, Nicholas A., Gustafson, Kristophor K., and Boggiatto, Paola M.

Subjects
INTERFERON gamma release tests, TUBERCULOSIS in cattle, MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, SKIN tests, EARLY diagnosis, TYPE I interferons
Abstract

Simple Summary: Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which causes tuberculosis in humans and animals. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has relied on examination of immune responses to M. bovis; however, using these methods, disease detection during the earliest phases of infection has been difficult, allowing a window for cattle-to-cattle transmission to occur within a herd. Alternative means of diagnosis could include methods to detect M. bovis or M. bovis DNA in bodily fluids such as nasal secretions, saliva, or blood rather than the animal's response to infection. DNA-from M. bovis was detected in nasal swabs and saliva from a small number of experimentally infected calves during the first 8 weeks after experimental infection. Although DNA from M. bovis could be detected, no culturable M. bovis was recovered from nasal swabs or saliva. Moreover, M. bovis DNA was not found in blood samples collected weekly. Successful infection of all calves was demonstrated using an interferon gamma release assay. Identification of infected animals through the detection of M. bovis will require the use of alternative samples or alternative assays. Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the M. tuberculosis complex of mycobacterial species that cause tuberculosis in humans and animals. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has relied on examinations of cell-mediated immune responses to M. bovis proteins using tuberculin skin testing and/or interferon gamma release assays. Even when using these methods, disease detection during the earliest phases of infection has been difficult, allowing a window for cattle-to-cattle transmission to occur within a herd. Alternative means of diagnosis could include methods to detect M. bovis or M. bovis DNA in bodily fluids such as nasal secretions, saliva, or blood. During the first 8 weeks after experimental aerosol infection of 18 calves, M. bovis DNA was detected in nasal swabs from a small number of calves 5, 6, and 8 weeks after infection and in samples of saliva at 1, 7, and 8 weeks after infection. However, at no time could culturable M. bovis be recovered from nasal swabs or saliva. M. bovis DNA was not found in blood samples collected weekly and examined by real-time PCR. Interferon gamma release assays demonstrated successful infection of all calves, while examination of humoral responses using a commercial ELISA identified a low number of infected animals at weeks 4–8 after infection. Examination of disease severity through gross lesion scoring did not correlate with shedding in nasal secretions or saliva, and calves with positive antibody ELISA results did not have more severe disease than other calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Incomplete tissue product tracing during an investigation of a tissue-derived tuberculosis outbreak

Author

Marshall, Kristen E., primary, Free, Rebecca J., additional, Filardo, Thomas D., additional, Schwartz, Noah G., additional, Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Lehman, Kimberly A., additional, Annambhotla, Pallavi, additional, Dupree, Peter B., additional, Glowicz, Janet Burton, additional, Scarpita, Ann M., additional, Brubaker, Scott A., additional, Czaja, Christopher A., additional, and Basavaraju, Sridhar V., additional

Published
2023
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15. National Prevalence of Caprine Prion Protein Genetic Variability at Codons 146, 211, and 222 in Goat Herds in the United States.

Author

Zeineldin, Mohamed, Cox-Struble, Heather, Camp, Patrick, Farrell, David, Pritchard, Randy, Thacker, Tyler C., and Lehman, Kimberly

Subjects
ANIMAL herds, GENETIC variation, GOAT breeds, GENETIC code, GENETIC testing, PRIONS, ANIMAL species
Abstract

Simple Summary: Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease that affects sheep and goats. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of caprine PRNP genetic variability in goat populations across the United States. The homozygous 146NN, 211RR, and 222QQ alleles, which are associated with scrapie susceptibility, were found to be the most prevalent among caprine PRNP alleles. The prevalence of different genotypes varied across regions. The 222QK allele was most frequently found in the east and southwest regions, whereas 211RQ was more common in the Midwest and east regions. The 146NS genotype had the highest prevalence in the northwest and southwest regions. These findings provide insights into the prevalence of caprine PRNP genetic variability in the United States and its potential application for scrapie susceptibility management strategies. Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts sheep and goats, characterized by gradual and progressive changes in neurological function. Recent research shows that the scrapie incubation period is significantly influenced by specific variations in amino acids within the prion protein gene (PRNP). The objective of this study was to estimate the national prevalence of caprine PRNP genetic variability at codons 146, 211, and 222 in goat populations across the United States. A total of 3052 blood, ear tissue, and brain tissue samples were collected from goats from 50 states. The participating states were categorized into four Veterinary Service (VS) district regions. The samples underwent DNA extraction, and the PRNP variants corresponding to codons 146, 211, and 222 were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of PRNP variants, when compared to the PRNP reference sequence, revealed seven alleles in twelve genotypes. The homozygous 146NN, 211RR, and 222QQ alleles, which have been linked to an increased risk of scrapie, were found to be the most prevalent among all the goats. The heterozygous 222QK, 211RQ, 146SD, 146ND, and 146NS alleles and the homozygous 222KK, 146SS, and 146DD alleles, known to be associated with reduced scrapie susceptibility and a prolonged incubation period after experimental challenge, were found in 1.098% (222QK), 2.33% (211RQ), 0.58% (146SD), 3.13% (146ND), 20.68% (146NS), 0.005% (222KK), 3.31% (146SS), and 0.67% (146DD) of goats, respectively. The 222QK allele was found most frequently in goats tested from the east (VS District 1, 1.59%) and southwest (VS District 4, 1.08%) regions, whereas the 211RQ allele was found most often in goats tested from the Midwest (VS District 2, 8.03%) and east (VS District 1, 6.53%) regions. The 146NS allele was found most frequently in goats tested from the northwest (VS District 3, 29.02%) and southwest (VS District 4, 20.69%) regions. Our results showed that the prevalence of less susceptible genotypes at PRNP codon 146 may be sufficient to use genetic susceptibility testing in some herds. This may reduce the number of goats removed as part of a herd clean-up plan and may promote the selective breeding goats for less susceptible alleles in high-risk herds at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Mycobacterium bovis Strain Ravenel Is Attenuated in Cattle

Author

Hadi, Syeda A., primary, Brenner, Evan P., additional, Palmer, Mitchell V., additional, Waters, W. Ray, additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Vilchèze, Catherine, additional, Larsen, Michelle H., additional, Jacobs, William R., additional, and Sreevatsan, Srinand, additional

Published
2022
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20. Differential detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to chimeric antigens in bovine tuberculosis

Author

Sridhara, Archana A., primary, Johnathan-Lee, Ashley, additional, Elahi, Rubyat, additional, Lambotte, Paul, additional, Esfandiari, Javan, additional, Boschiroli, Maria Laura, additional, Kerr, Tanya J., additional, Miller, Michele A., additional, Holder, Thomas, additional, Jones, Gareth, additional, Vordermeier, H. Martin, additional, Marpe, Breanne N., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Palmer, Mitchell V., additional, Waters, W. Ray, additional, and Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., additional

Published
2022
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21. Mycobacterium Bovis Strain Ravenel is Attenuated in Cattle

Author

Hadi, Syeda Anum, primary, Brenner, Evan P, additional, Palmer, Mitchell V, additional, Waters, Wade Ray, additional, Thacker, Tyler C, additional, Vilcheze, Catherine, additional, Larsen, Michelle H, additional, Jacobs, Jr., William R, additional, and Sreevatsan, Srinand, additional

Published
2022
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22. Potential for improved detection of bovine tuberculosis by targeting combined blood biomarkers in multi-test algorithms

Author

Sridhara, Archana A., primary, Johnathan-Lee, Ashley, additional, Elahi, Rubyat, additional, Sikar-Gang, Alina, additional, Lambotte, Paul, additional, Esfandiari, Javan, additional, de Juan, Lucia, additional, Gortazar, Christian, additional, Marpe, Breanne N., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Palmer, Mitchell V., additional, Waters, W. Ray, additional, and Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., additional

Published
2022
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23. Potential for improved detection of bovine tuberculosis by targeting combined blood biomarkers in multi-test algorithms

Author

National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Sridhara, Archana A., Johnathan-Lee, Ashley, Elahi, Rubyat, Sikar-Gang, Alina, Lambotte, Paul, Esfandiari, Javan, Juan, Lucía de, Gortázar, Christian, Marpe, Breanne N., Thacker, Tyler C., Palmer, Mitchell V., Waters, W. Ray, Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Sridhara, Archana A., Johnathan-Lee, Ashley, Elahi, Rubyat, Sikar-Gang, Alina, Lambotte, Paul, Esfandiari, Javan, Juan, Lucía de, Gortázar, Christian, Marpe, Breanne N., Thacker, Tyler C., Palmer, Mitchell V., Waters, W. Ray, and Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control programs can be improved by combined use of tests for humoral and cell-mediated immune responses targeting multiple biomarkers of Mycobacterium bovis. To further the diagnostic benefits of this approach, we used Dual Path Platform (DPP) technology to test sera from cattle with naturally acquired bTB in the United States (US) and Spain for the presence of M. bovis antigen, IgM and/or IgG antibodies to MPB70/MPB83 fusion antigen in conjunction with tuberculin skin tests (TST) or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA). When TST was complemented with detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, the diagnostic sensitivity increased from 85.4% to 95.1% in the US and from 64.2% to 81.5% in Spain. Likewise, adding the DPP assays enhanced IGRA diagnostic sensitivity from 82.7% to 93.8% in Spain. Detection of circulating M. bovis antigen showed added value when used in combination with the DPP antibody assays but it was limited when analyzed in the context of TST or IGRA results. Present findings support the benefits of a multi-test approach for the ante-mortem diagnosis of bTB in cattle.

Published
2022

25. Potential for improved detection of bovine tuberculosis by targeting combined blood biomarkers in multi-test algorithms

Author

Sridhara, Archana A., Johnathan-Lee, Ashley, Elahi, Rubyat, Sikar-Gang, Alina, Lambotte, Paul, Esfandiari, Javan, Juan, Lucía de, Gortázar, Christian, Marpe, Breanne N., Thacker, Tyler C., Palmer, Mitchell V., Waters, W. Ray, Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., and National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US)

Subjects
General Veterinary, Immunoglobulin M, Tuberculin Test, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, Animals, Cattle Diseases, Cattle, Mycobacterium bovis, Tuberculosis, Bovine, Algorithms, Biomarkers
Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control programs can be improved by combined use of tests for humoral and cell-mediated immune responses targeting multiple biomarkers of Mycobacterium bovis. To further the diagnostic benefits of this approach, we used Dual Path Platform (DPP) technology to test sera from cattle with naturally acquired bTB in the United States (US) and Spain for the presence of M. bovis antigen, IgM and/or IgG antibodies to MPB70/MPB83 fusion antigen in conjunction with tuberculin skin tests (TST) or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA). When TST was complemented with detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, the diagnostic sensitivity increased from 85.4% to 95.1% in the US and from 64.2% to 81.5% in Spain. Likewise, adding the DPP assays enhanced IGRA diagnostic sensitivity from 82.7% to 93.8% in Spain. Detection of circulating M. bovis antigen showed added value when used in combination with the DPP antibody assays but it was limited when analyzed in the context of TST or IGRA results. Present findings support the benefits of a multi-test approach for the ante-mortem diagnosis of bTB in cattle., This work was supported by the Small Business Innovation Research Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Award No. 2016-33610-25688).

Published
2021

26. Whole Genome Sequencing Links Mycobacterium bovis From Cattle, Cheese and Humans in Baja California, Mexico

Author

Ortiz, Alejandro Perera, primary, Perea, Claudia, additional, Davalos, Enrique, additional, Velázquez, Estela Flores, additional, González, Karen Salazar, additional, Camacho, Erika Rosas, additional, García Latorre, Ethel Awilda, additional, Lara, Citlaltepetl Salinas, additional, Salazar, Raquel Muñiz, additional, Bravo, Doris M., additional, Stuber, Tod P., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, and Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional

Published
2021
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28. Human-to-Cattle Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Transmission in the United States

Author

Lombard, Jason E., primary, Patton, Elisabeth A., additional, Gibbons-Burgener, Suzanne N., additional, Klos, Rachel F., additional, Tans-Kersten, Julie L., additional, Carlson, Beth W., additional, Keller, Susan J., additional, Pritschet, Delora J., additional, Rollo, Susan, additional, Dutcher, Tracey V., additional, Young, Cris A., additional, Hench, William C., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Perea, Claudia, additional, Lehmkuhl, Aaron D., additional, and Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional

Published
2021
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29. Whole-genome snp analysis identifies putative mycobacterium bovis transmission clusters in livestock and wildlife in Catalonia, Spain

Author

Perea, Claudia, Ciaravino, Giovanna, Stuber, Tod, Thacker, Tyler C., Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Allepuz Palau, Alberto, Pérez de Val, Bernat, Perea, Claudia, Ciaravino, Giovanna, Stuber, Tod, Thacker, Tyler C., Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Allepuz Palau, Alberto, and Pérez de Val, Bernat

Abstract

The high-resolution WGS analyses of MTBC strains have provided useful insight for determining sources of infection for animal tuberculosis. In Spain, tuberculosis in livestock is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae, where wildlife reservoirs play an important role. We analyzed a set of 125 M. bovis isolates obtained from livestock and wildlife from Catalonia to investigate strain diversity and identify possible sources and/or causes of infection. Whole-genome SNP profiles were used for phylogenetic reconstruction and pairwise SNP distance analysis. Additionally, SNPs were investigated to identify virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors to investigate clade-specific associations. Putative transmission clusters (≤12 SNPs) were identified, and associated epidemiological metadata were used to determine possible explanatory factors for transmission. M. bovis distribution was heterogeneous, with 7 major clades and 21 putative transmission clusters. In order of importance, the explanatory factors associated were proximity and neighborhood, residual infection, livestock-wildlife interaction, shared pasture, and movement. Genes related to lipid transport and metabolism showed the highest number of SNPs. All isolates were pyrazinamide resistant, and five were additionally resistant to isoniazid, but no clade-specific associations could be determined. Our findings highlight the importance of high-resolution molecular surveillance to monitor bovine tuberculosis dynamics in a low-prevalence setting.

Published
2021

32. Effects of inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccination on molokai-origin wild pigs experimentally infected with virulent M. bovis

Author

Department of Agriculture (US), Nol, Pauline, Wehtje, Morgan E., Bowen, Richard A., Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Thacker, Tyler C., Lantz, Kristina, Rhyan, Jack C., Baeten, Laurie A., Juste, Ramón A., Sevilla, Iker A., Gortázar, Christian, Vicente, Joaquín, Department of Agriculture (US), Nol, Pauline, Wehtje, Morgan E., Bowen, Richard A., Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Thacker, Tyler C., Lantz, Kristina, Rhyan, Jack C., Baeten, Laurie A., Juste, Ramón A., Sevilla, Iker A., Gortázar, Christian, and Vicente, Joaquín

Abstract

The wild pig population on Molokai, Hawaii, USA is a possible reservoir for bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and has been implicated in decades past as the source of disease for the island’s domestic cattle. Heat-inactivated vaccines have been effective for reducing disease prevalence in wild boar in Spain and could prove useful for managing M. bovis in Molokai wild pigs. We designed an experiment to test this vaccine in wild pigs of Molokai genetics. Fifteen 3–4-month-old pigs were orally administered 106–107 colony forming units (cfu) of heat-inactivated M. bovis (Vaccinates; n = 8; 0.2 mL) or phosphate buffered saline (Controls; n = 7; 0.2 mL). Each dose was administered in a 0.5 mL tube embedded in a fruit candy/cracked corn mix. Boosters were given seven weeks post-prime in the same manner and dose. Nineteen weeks post-prime, pigs were orally challenged with 1 × 106 cfu of virulent M. bovis. Twelve weeks post-challenge, pigs were euthanized and necropsied, at which time 23 different tissues from the head, thorax, and abdomen were collected and examined. Each tissue was assigned a lesion score. Ordinal lesion score data were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Effect size was calculated using Cohen’s d. Four of eight Vaccinates and four of seven Controls had gross and microscopic lesions, as well as culture-positive tissues. Vaccinates had statistically lower lesion scores than Controls in the following areas: gross thoracic lesion scores (p = 0.013 Cohen’s d = 0.33) and microscopic thoracic lesion scores (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.39). There were no differences in head lesion scores alone, both gross and microscopic, nor were there differences when comparing combined gross and microscopic head and thoracic lesion scores. These results are indicative that this vaccination protocol affords a modest degree of infection containment with this vaccine in Molokai wild pigs.

Published
2020

34. Effects of Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccination on Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected with Virulent M. bovis

Author

Nol, Pauline, primary, Wehtje, Morgan E., additional, Bowen, Richard A., additional, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Lantz, Kristina, additional, Rhyan, Jack C., additional, Baeten, Laurie A., additional, Juste, Ramón A., additional, Sevilla, Iker A., additional, Gortázar, Christian, additional, and Vicente, Joaquín, additional

Published
2020
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35. DS1_JVDI_10.1177_1040638718764799 – Supplemental material for Mistaken identity of an open reading frame proposed for PCR-based identification of Mycoplasma bovis and the effect of polymorphisms and insertions on assay performance

Author

Register, Karen B., Boatwright, William D., Gesy, Karen M., Thacker, Tyler C., and Jelinski, Murray D.

Subjects
70706 Veterinary Medicine, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Veterinary sciences, humanities, 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental material, DS1_JVDI_10.1177_1040638718764799 for Mistaken identity of an open reading frame proposed for PCR-based identification of Mycoplasma bovis and the effect of polymorphisms and insertions on assay performance by Karen B. Register, William D. Boatwright, Karen M. Gesy, Tyler C. Thacker and Murray D. Jelinski in Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation

Published
2018
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41. Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

Author

Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., primary, Grandison, Adrian, additional, Keskinen, Karen, additional, Sikar-Gang, Alina, additional, Lambotte, Paul, additional, Esfandiari, Javan, additional, Ireton, Gregory C., additional, Vallur, Aarthy, additional, Reed, Steven G., additional, Jones, Gareth, additional, Vordermeier, H. Martin, additional, Stabel, Judy R., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Palmer, Mitchell V., additional, and Waters, W. Ray, additional

Published
2017
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42. Patterns and Processes of Mycobacterium bovis Evolution Revealed by Phylogenomic Analyses

Author

Patane, Jose S. L., Martins, Joaquim, Jr., Castelao, Ana Beatriz, Nishibe, Christiane, Montera, Luciana, Bigi, Fabiana, Zumarraga, Martin J., Cataldi, Angel A., Fonseca Junior, Antonio, Roxo, Eliana, Osorio, Ana Luiza A. R., Jorge, Klaudia S., Thacker, Tyler C., Almeida, Nalvo F., Araujo, Flabio R., Setubal, Joao C., Patane, Jose S. L., Martins, Joaquim, Jr., Castelao, Ana Beatriz, Nishibe, Christiane, Montera, Luciana, Bigi, Fabiana, Zumarraga, Martin J., Cataldi, Angel A., Fonseca Junior, Antonio, Roxo, Eliana, Osorio, Ana Luiza A. R., Jorge, Klaudia S., Thacker, Tyler C., Almeida, Nalvo F., Araujo, Flabio R., and Setubal, Joao C.

Abstract

Mycobacterium bovis is an important animal pathogen worldwide that parasitizes wild and domesticated vertebrate livestock as well as humans. A comparison of the five M. bovis complete genomes from the United Kingdom, South Korea, Brazil, and the United States revealed four novel large-scale structural variations of at least 2,000 bp. A comparative phylogenomic study including 2,483 core genes of 38 taxa from eight countries showed conflicting phylogenetic signal among sites. By minimizing this effect, we obtained a tree that better agrees with sampling locality. Results supported a relatively basal position of African strains (all isolated from Homo sapiens), confirming that Africa was an important region for early diversification and that humans were one of the earliest hosts. Selection analyses revealed that functional categories such as "Lipid transport and metabolism," "Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning" and "Cell motility" were significant for the evolution of the group, besides other categories previously described, showing importance of genes associated with virulence and cholesterol metabolism in the evolution of M. bovis. PE/PPE genes, many of which are known to be associated with virulence, were major targets for large-scale polymorphisms, homologous recombination, and positive selection, evincing for the first time a plethora of evolutionary forces possibly contributing to differential adaptability in M. bovis. By assuming different priors, US strains originated and started to diversify around 150-5,210 ya. By further analyzing the largest set of US genomes to date (76 in total), obtained from 14 host species, we detected that hosts were not clustered in clades (except for a few cases), with some faster-evolving strains being detected, suggesting fast and ongoing reinfections across host species, and therefore, the possibility of new bovine tuberculosis outbreaks.

Published
2017
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43. Polymorphisms of 20 regulatory proteins between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis

Author

Bigi, María M., Blanco, Federico Carlos, Araújo, Flabio R., Thacker, Tyler C., Zumárraga, Martín José, Cataldi, Ángel Adrián, Soria, Marcelo A., and Bigi, Fabiana

Subjects
Ciencias Biológicas, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS, REGULATOR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, POLYMORPHISM
Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are responsible for tuberculosis in humans and animals, respectively. Both species are closely related and belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). M. tuberculosis is the most ancient species from which M. bovis and other members of the MTC evolved. The genome of M. bovis is over >99.95% identical to that of M. tuberculosis but with seven deletions ranging in size from 1 to 12.7 kb. In addition, 1200 single nucleotide mutations in coding regions distinguish M. bovis from M. tuberculosis. In the present study, we assessed 75 M. tuberculosis genomes and 23 M. bovis genomes to identify non-synonymous mutations in 202 coding sequences of regulatory genes between both species. We identified species-specific variants in 20 regulatory proteins and confirmed differential expression of hypoxia-related genes between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Fil: Bigi, María M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Blanco, Federico Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Araújo, Flabio R.. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Thacker, Tyler C.. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Research Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Zumárraga, Martín José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cataldi, Ángel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Soria, Marcelo A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Bigi, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2016

46. Potential for rapid antibody detection to identify tuberculous cattle with non-reactive tuberculin skin test results

Author

Waters, W. Ray, primary, Vordermeier, H. Martin, additional, Rhodes, Shelley, additional, Khatri, Bhagwati, additional, Palmer, Mitchell V., additional, Maggioli, Mayara F., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Nelson, Jeffrey T., additional, Thomsen, Bruce V., additional, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional, Bravo Garcia, Doris M., additional, Schoenbaum, Mark A., additional, Camacho, Mark S., additional, Ray, Jean S., additional, Esfandiari, Javan, additional, Lambotte, Paul, additional, Greenwald, Rena, additional, Grandison, Adrian, additional, Sikar-Gang, Alina, additional, and Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., additional

Published
2017
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48. Early Detection of Circulating Antigen and IgM-Associated Immune Complexes during Experimental Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle

Author

Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., primary, Greenwald, Rena, additional, Sikar-Gang, Alina, additional, Sridhara, Archana A., additional, Johnathan, Ashley, additional, Lambotte, Paul, additional, Esfandiari, Javan, additional, Maggioli, Mayara F., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Palmer, Mitchell V., additional, and Waters, W. Ray, additional

Published
2017
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49. Patterns and Processes of Mycobacterium bovis Evolution Revealed by Phylogenomic Analyses

Author

Patané, José S.L., primary, Martins, Joaquim, additional, Castelão, Ana Beatriz, additional, Nishibe, Christiane, additional, Montera, Luciana, additional, Bigi, Fabiana, additional, Zumárraga, Martin J., additional, Cataldi, Angel A., additional, Junior, Antônio Fonseca, additional, Roxo, Eliana, additional, Osório, Ana Luiza A.R., additional, Jorge, Klaudia S., additional, Thacker, Tyler C., additional, Almeida, Nalvo F., additional, Araújo, Flabio R., additional, and Setubal, João C., additional

Published
2017
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50. Characteristics of subclinical Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive white-tailed deer herd.

Author

Palmer, Mitchell V., Kanipe, Carly, Cox, Rebecca, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, and Thacker, Tyler C.

Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM avium paratuberculosis, WHITE-tailed deer, RUMINANTS, PARATUBERCULOSIS, RED deer, ANIMAL herds
Abstract

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and affects both domestic and wild ruminants, including cattle, goats, sheep, and deer. In cattle, most infections occur during calfhood followed by a prolonged incubation period of 1–2 y or more before cows shed culturable numbers of MAP bacilli in their feces. As disease progresses, infected animals develop protein-losing enteropathy, intractable diarrhea, and weight loss. In a cohort of 32 clinically normal deer from a herd with a history of periodic clinical paratuberculosis, we found that subclinical infection was characterized by high rates of infection, common involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes, minimal lesion formation, few intralesional acid-fast bacilli, and low-level fecal shedding of MAP. The characteristics of subclinical paratuberculosis in white-tailed deer resemble those of cattle and red deer, although microscopic lesions were less common in subclinical deer than reported for subclinical cattle, and we did not see necrotizing granulomas as described in subclinical red deer and elk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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