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From an artistic point of view, clay has not changed the way it expresses itself creatively. In the latter half of the 20th century clay has become a material used in contemporary art and by totally stripping it of functionality it has, thanks to its plasticity, turned into a vocabulary used by artists. The adventure of terra cotta’s production process and historical identity that has endured for thousands of years in Anatolia since the Neolithic Age as we have witnessed, resumes and takes form in the shape of an art symposium here in the Phrygian Valley keeping the heritage alive. Now it is ‘reproduction, teaching and bringing it into the future in the context of history-city-culture-memory’ with a Ceramic Sculpture City identity. The project is realized through the cooperation between the university, industry and the local administration and it has adopted the name ‘Eskişehir International Terra Cotta Symposium’ based on the notion of ‘urban identity-from local to universal’ testifying to cities gaining identity only through their own production. When artists offer art students the opportunity of an open studio where they can redesign existing culture and artistic experience in a different cultural environment and transfer this to a material and be ‘part of the effort’, there are important experiences to be had. All physical and emotional values that form the urban memory is directly linked to the environment one has lived in since childhood. Everything we touch, see, sense and all the images, streets, buildings, fountains, parks, sculptures we digest are directly linked to the urban identity. Past, present and future.

粘土は焼成温度によってその性質を変える。600℃～900℃の比較的低温の焼成による素焼きの段階では焼き締まる事なく柔らかい風合いを保ち、水を浸み込む性質を持っている。そこからまた温度を上げ、1100℃を超えるあたりで粘士はより焼き締り、その性質は水を浸み込まない硬質な質感に変化する。筆者はこれまで低温の焼成によるテラコッタを素材として制作を行ってきた。そしてテラコッタに様々な描画材を用いて彩色を施しており、彩色効果は重要な表現要素となっていた。近年、筆者はテラコッタの制作だけでなく、高温で焼成する焼き締めの陶の制作も行っている。陶における彩色は焼成後の描画材によるものではなく、陶土そのものが持つ色彩を生かすことにより行っている。この制作ノートでは今まで行っていたテラコッタへの彩色の方法を確認すると共に、現在手さぐりで制作している高温焼成による焼き締めの彩色方法を模索する事を目的としている。また、高温で焼成した陶とテラコッタの比較によりそれぞれの性質への理解を深め、今後の制作の発展の助けになったと考える。, 作品ノート, Works Note

Dans le contexte de l’atelier d’un artiste, le terme de moulage doit être réservé à la désignation de l’opération qui consiste à fabriquer un moule ; l’objet que l’on en tire est une épreuve, étape ou résultat final dans le processus de création d’une œuvre. Partant des pratiques de moulage et de tirage d’épreuve traditionnellement utilisées en sculpture, Rodin a développé, avec l’aide de ses mouleurs, des usages nouveaux, faisant preuve d’une grande liberté (multiplication des exemplaires et des variantes, changement de matériau, assemblage d’épreuves diverses…). In the context of an artist’s studio, the term ‘moulding’ (moulage) should be limited to the operation which involves making a mould. The object produced from this mould is a ‘proof’ or ‘test’ (épreuve), a stage, or the result in a process of creating a work of art. Using the moulding and proof casting techniques traditionally employed by sculptors, Rodin with the help of his moulders, developed a range of new practices, showing great freedom of inspiration: multiplying copies and variations, using different materials, assembling different test casts...

Materials and clayey minerals abound in the Gabon. The pioneers works reveal the presence of red clays in the barrémian series of Agoula and red clays with violets in the neocomian series of Ndombo. Clays constitute a precious and plentiful resource which was widely beneficiated as well in traditional constructions of green clays as in terra-cotta in diverse places of the country. The present researches aim at inventorying the resources in various clays easily accessible in Gabon, and in the study of selection of deposits with application potential, according to the nature of clays. This work is carried on in the regions of Libreville and Tchibanga. The collected samples are the object of macroscopic, microscopic (tiny), chemical, structural and superficial analyses. Trials of formulation are the object of applications in the domains of bricks, tiles and refractories. The population growth of the Gabonese Republic generates a demand in diverse local materials satisfying the needs for the current life. The emphasis is put on the applications concerning terra-cottas: bricks, roof tiles and floor tiles. Zones of interest with economic potential are identified. Clays of the region of Libreville, rich in kaolinites and illite are interesting for applications in terra-cotta. The characterization of the mineralogical properties of the clayey rocks is realized with the aim of identifying the most interesting industrial uses. Characterizations and tests of applications, identify raw materials for the construction, the ceramic, but also in many other domains as pharmacology (galenic), paper industry, cosmetics, food-processing industry, rubber, paint, civil engineering and environment engineering. As in all the countries of Central Africa, the sustainable development passes inevitably by a control of the local resources. The fine characterization of clays of the Cretaceous of Libreville is realized by: X-ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, determination of the cation exchange capacity, particle size analysis, chemical analyses, plasticity index, ceramic tests. According to the X-ray diffraction, these clays are mixtures of kaolinite, and/or illite and montmorillonite, quartz, ± muscovite, ± microcline, ± hematite, ± rutile ± anatase. The observation in Scanning Electron Microscopy and the treatment with Ethylène Glycol or heating at 550°C in XRD confirms the dominating presence of these minerals; Les matériaux et minéraux argileux, abondent au Gabon. Les travaux pionniers révèlent la présence d’argiles rouges dans la série barrémienne de l’Agoula et d’argiles rouges à violettes dans la série néocomienne de Ndombo. Les argiles constituent une ressource précieuse et abondante qui a été largement valorisée tant en constructions traditionnelles de terre crue qu'en terre cuite en divers endroits du pays. Les présentes recherches sont initiées pour inventorier les ressources en différentes argiles facilement accessibles au Gabon, et dédiées à sélectionner des gisements à potentiel applicatif, selon la nature des argiles. Ce travail a été réalisé dans les régions de Libreville et de Tchibanga. Les échantillons prélevés font l’objet d’analyses macroscopique, microscopique, chimique, structurale et superficielle. Des essais de formulation font l’objet d’applications dans les domaines des briques, tuiles et celui des réfractaires. La croissance démographique de la République Gabonaise engendre une demande importante en divers matériaux locaux qui satisfassent les besoins de la vie courante. L’accent est mis sur les applications relatives aux terres cuites : briques, tuiles et carreaux. Des zones d'intérêt à potentiel économique sont identifiées. Les argiles de la région de Libreville, riches en kaolinites et illite sont intéressantes pour des applications en terre cuite. La caractérisation des propriétés minéralogiques des roches argileuses, est réalisée dans le but d'identifier les usages industriels les plus intéressants. Les caractérisations et les tests d’applications, identifient des matières premières pour la construction, la céramique, mais aussi dans bien d'autres domaines comme la pharmacologie (galénique), la papeterie, la cosmétique, l’agro-alimentaire, le caoutchouc, la peinture, le génie civil, le génie de l’environnement. Comme dans tous les pays d’Afrique Centrale, le développement durable passe inéluctablement par une maîtrise des ressources locales. La caractérisation fine des argiles du crétacé de Libreville est réalisée par : diffraction des rayons X, spectrométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier, microscopie électronique à balayage, détermination de la capacité d’échange cationique, granulométrie, analyses chimiques, indice de plasticité, test de céramique. Selon la diffraction des rayons X, ces argiles sont à kaolinite, et/ou illite et montmorillonite, quartz, ± muscovite, ± microcline, ± hématite, ± rutile, ± anatase. L’observation en Microscopie Electronique à Balayage et le traitement à l’Ethylène Glycol ou chauffé à 550°C analysé en DRX confirme la présence prépondérante de ces minéraux

'Kibyra Antik Kentinden Opus Spicatum Döşemeler' başlığı altında kaleme alınan bu tezin içeriği, 2009 ve 2014 yıllarında Kibyra Kentinde gerçekleştirilmiş kazılarla gün yüzüne çıkarılan opus spicatum döşemelerden oluşmaktadır. Bilimsel yayını henüz yapılmamış olan söz konusu döşemeler kent içinde I. Teras Caddesi olarak isimlendirilen alanın doğu stoası ve geç dönem dükkânlarının yanı sıra Odeion / Bouleterion önü geç dönem işliğinin zemininde yer almaktadır. Kent içinde yer alan bu döşemeler alışılagelmiş Anadolu mozaiklerinden farkı olarak pişmiş topraktan yapılmışlardır ve başta balıksırtı motifi olmak üzere geometrik bezeme tasarımına sahiplerdir. Bu çalışmada, sözü edilen döşemeler öncelikle bulundukları mekânla birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bu aşamada ait oldukları mimari yapıların tipolojik ve kronolojik değerlendirmelerinin yapılmasıyla döşemenin sahip olduğu işlevsel özellikler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Böylece işlevsellik üzerine kurulu mekân-döşeme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Ardından bezeme sınıflandırılması yapılarak şimdiye kadar yapılan mozaik çalışmaları ve arkeolojik bulgular çerçevesi içinde yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Anadolu ve Anadolu dışındaki benzer örneklerin incelenmesi sonucunda döşemenin kökeni ve gelişiminin yanı sıra Anadolu coğrafyasındaki yeri ortaya çıkarılmıştır.Sonuç olarak ait oldukları yapıların mimari özellikleri, buluntu kontekstleri ve döşemelerin teknik özellikleri neticesinde İ.S. 5. yüzyıla tarihleyebileceğimiz bu döşemeler üzerinde ilk kez kapsamlı bir çalışma bu tez vasıtasıyla gerçekleşmiş bulunmaktadır.Anahtar Sözcükler: Kibyra, Zemin DöĢemesi, Opus Spicatum, PiĢmiĢ Toprak, Stoa, Geç Antik Dönem The content of this thesis written down on under the title `Opus Spicatum pavements from Ancient Kibyra City` consists of opus spicatum floor pavements which are unearthed in excavations conducted in the Ancient City of Kibyra in 2009 and 2014. The above mentioned floor pavements the scientific release of which hasn't been realized yet hold their place within the city in the East Stoa of the area named First Terrace Street and on the floor of late period shops as well as on the front floor of Odeion / Bouleterion late period workshop. Those pavements sited within the city unlike conventional Anatolian mosaics are manufactured from terra cotta and possess geometric ornament design primarily herrignbone pattern.The pavements mentioned in this paper are primarily assessed along with the location in which they are sited. At this stage, through the typological and chronological evaluations of the architectural structures to which they belong, the floor pavements' functional features are revealed. Hence; the relation based on functionality is identified. Afterwards, performing ornament classification, it is tried to be interpreted in accordance with the mosaic studies and archeological findings discovered so far. Furthermore; as a result of analyzing similar samples from Anatolia and out of Anatolia, the origin and development of the pavement as well as its place in Anatolian geography are brought to light.Consequently, by view of the architectural features of the constructions to which they pertain, foundling contexts and the pavements' technical features, a first comprehensive study on those pavements which we can date back to 5 B.C. is conducted by means of this thesis.Keywords: Kibyra, Floor Pavement, Opus Spicatum, Terra Cotta, Stoa, Late Antique Er 124