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Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region faces the dual challenges of reducing CO2 emissions and controlling the PM2.5 concentration. The study of the synergistic control effect of CO2 and PM2.5 and the evolutionary characteristics of the regulatory factors in this region is of great significance for its high-quality economic development and environmental improvement. Based on population raster data, nighttime light data and statistical yearbook data from 2005 to 2020, the coordinate system of co-control effects and the geographically and temporally weighted regression model are used to explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the synergistic control effect and the mechanism of regulatory factors in the region. The results show that the areas in the region with the synergistic control effect of CO2 emissions and PM2.5 concentration shows an upward-downward-upward trend, which reaches the highest in 2019, accounting for the highest proportion of 68.15%. Cities with developed tertiary industries, abundant clean energy or reasonable industrial layout are more likely to realize the synergistic control effect of CO2 emissions and PM2.5 concentration. Overall, industrial structure, R&D expenditures, level of external openness and amount of precipitation are the main factors that synergistically control CO2 emissions and PM2.5 concentration in the region. However, the effects of these regulatory factors were spatiotemporal and heterogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]