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The Cana Brava Complex is the northernmostand least well known layered intrusion of a discontinuousbelt of mafic-ultramafic massifs within the Brasilia Belt,which also comprises theNiquelândia and Barro Alto complexes.Available geochronological data from a range oftechniques (K/Ar, Ar/Ar, Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd and U/Pb) providea range of possible ages (time span from 3.9 Ga to 450 Ma),hence a precise and reliable age for the Cana Brava Complexis still lacking. Also, preliminary isotopic and geochemicaldata of the Cana Brava Complex suggest a significantcrustal contamination, which could have affectedbulk-rock Sr and Nd systematics resulting in meaninglessage determinations. In this paper, we present new U-PbSHRIMP zircon analyses from four samples of differentunits of the Cana Brava Complexwhich suggest that the intrusionoccurred during the Neoproterozoic, between 800and 780 Ma, i.e. at the same age ofNiquelândia. Discordantolder 206Pb/238U ages are provided by inherited zircons,and match the age of the metamorphism of the embeddingPalmeirópolis Sequence.

The Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposit is situated within the WNW-ESE-trending Canaa shear zone in the southern Copper belt, Carajas province, Brazil. The Sossego deposit consists of two major groups of orebodies (Sequeirinho-Pista-Baiano and Sossego-Curral). The Sequeirinho-Pista-Baiano orebodies are characterized by deep-emplaced magnetite-(apatite) and albite-actinolite-rich zones, whereas the Sossego-Curral orebodies have predominant potassic and chlorite alteration typical of shallow crustal levels. U-Pb (SHRIMP He and LA-ICPMS) geochronology on host rocks reveals Mesoarchean (3.08 Ga Xingu Complex, ca. 2.99 Ga Sequeirinho Granite and 2.97 Ga Pista felsic metavolcanic rock) and bimodal Neoarchean (ca. 2.74 Ga Sossego granophyric granite, Curral Granite and gabbronorite) units. Dating of hydrothermal monazite (U-Pb LA-MC-ICPMS) and molybdenite (Re-Os NTIMS) of the Sequeirinho-Pista orebodies rendered ages of ca. 2.71 to 2.68 Ga, while ore-related monazite of the Sossego-Curral orebodies yielded ages of ca. 1.90 to 1.88 Ga. The Neoarchean IOCG-forming events reflect coupling of ductile sinistral transpression with NNE-directed oblique shortening and Neoarchean magmatism (ca. 2.7 Ga). The shallow-emplaced Paleoproterozoic system, formed after progressive exhumation of the deep-emplaced Neoarchean IOCG deposits, coincides in age with the emplacement of 1.88 Ga A-type granites: the latter may have caused regional circulation of magmatic and externally derived fluids along crustal discontinuities, favoring copper-gold ore deposition as well as metallogenic diversity in the Carajas province (e. g., Sn, W, Au-Pd-Pt deposits). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep (ESES) is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by the appearance of cognitive, behavioral, and motor disturbances in conjunction with a striking activation of EEG epileptic abnormalities during non-REM sleep. After more than 50 years since the first description, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the appearance of encephalopathy in association with a sleep-related enhancement of epileptic discharges are incompletely elucidated. Recent experimental data support the hypothesis that the development of the ESES encephalopathic picture depends on a spike-induced impairment of the synaptic homeostasis processes occurring during normal sleep and that is particularly pronounced during the developmental age. During sleep, synaptic homeostasis is promoted by synaptic weakening/elimination after the increment of synaptic strength that occurs during wakefulness. The EEG can display modifications in synaptic strength by changes in sleep slow wave activity (SWA). Recent studies during active ESES have failed to show changes in sleep SWA, while these changes occurred again after recovery from ESES, thus supporting a spike-related interference on the normal homeostatic processes of sleep. This impairment, during the developmental period, can lead to disruption of cortical wiring and brain plastic remodeling, which lead to the, often irreversible, neuropsychological compromise typical of ESES. From the nosographic point of view, these pathophysiological data lend support to the maintenance of the term ESES, i.e., "encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during sleep". Indeed, this term conveys the concept that the extreme activation of epileptic discharges during sleep is directly responsible for the encephalopathy, hence the importance of defining this condition as an encephalopathy related to the exaggerated activation of epileptic activity during sleep. In this respect, ESES represents a genuine example of a "pure" epileptic encephalopathy in which sleep-related epileptic activity "per se" has a crucial role in determining the encephalopathic picture. This paper was presented at the 8th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizures held in September 2022., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: We report the first case of a patient affected by peritoneal metastases from colon cancer, arising in the context of Lynch syndrome with pathological complete response. The patient was treated with immunotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. This paper discusses the implications of these novel therapies for the management of PM., Case Presentation: A 50-year-old man affected by Lynch syndrome was referred to our institution for metachronous peritoneal recurrence of ascending colon adenocarcinoma. As a second-line treatment, he received Nivolumab therapy with stable disease. Patient underwent cytoreductive surgery with residual disease and a pathological complete response. Flow cytometry described a particular immune sub-population response. There was no evidence of disease progression after nine months., Conclusion: This is the first report of a Lynch patient affected by peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer, treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and resulting in a pathological complete response after immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment (ICIs). This case report may suggest that patients with peculiar immunological features could benefit from a tailored approach, since "classical" CRS paradigms may not effectively predict the clinical outcome. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine the correct operative management of such patients (tailored or "standard" CRS), defining the correct surgical timing and eventual discontinuation of ICI therapy after surgery., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Aim: Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a plausible intervention to reduce ileus after surgery. An early development study was undertaken with the aim of exploring the feasibility of self-administered, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) after major colorectal surgery., Method: A parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was undertaken between 1 January 2018 and 31 August 2019. Forty patients undergoing colorectal surgery for malignancy were allocated equally to Sham and Active stimulation groups. Electrical vagus nerve stimulation was self-administered bilaterally over the cervical surface landmarks for 5 days before and after surgery. Outcomes of interest were postoperative complications and adverse events measured using the Clavien-Dindo scale, treatment compliance, device usability according to the Systems Usability Scale (SUS) and clinical measures of bowel recovery., Results: Forty patients were randomized and one withdrew, leaving 39 for analysis. Postoperative complications occurred in 9/19 (47.4%) participants receiving Sham and 11/20 (55.0%) receiving Active stimulation and were mostly minor. Compliance with treatment before surgery was 4.7 ± 0.9 days out of 5 days in the Sham group and 4.7 ± 1.1 in the Active group. Compliance with treatment after surgery was 4.1 ± 1.1 and 4.4 ± 1.5, respectively. Participants considered the intervention to be 'acceptable' according to the SUS. The most prominent differences in bowel recovery were days to first flatus (2.35 ± 1.32 vs 1.65 ± 0.88) and tolerance of solid diet (2.18 ± 2.21 vs 1.75 ± 0.91) for Sham and Active groups, respectively., Conclusion: This study supports the safety, treatment compliance and usability of self-administered nVNS in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery., (© 2021 The Authors. Colorectal Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.)

Background: Following high-dose chemotherapy/bone marrow transplantation, patients are routinely, prophylactically transfused with platelet concentrates (PC) if they have a platelet count ≤10×10 9 /L or higher in the presence of risk factors for bleeding. However, whether such transfusions are necessary in clinically stable patients with no bleeding, or whether a therapeutic transfusion strategy could be sufficient and safe, is still debated., Materials and Methods: The GIMEMA Haemostasis and Thrombosis Working Party sent a questionnaire to Italian haematology departments to survey several aspects of daily platelet transfusion practice, such as the cut-off platelet count for transfusion, the evaluation of refractoriness and the type of PC administered., Results: The questionnaire was answered by 18 out of 31 centres (58%). A total of 23,162 PC were transfused in 2,396 patients in 2013. The vast majority of centres (95%) transfused PC according to Italian and international guidelines; only a few transfused always at platelet counts ≤20×10 9 /L. The broad agreement on platelet count cut-off for transfusion (≤10×10 9 /L) was not confirmed when the World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding score was considered: only a third of centres (33%) used transfusions as recommended when the bleeding grade was ≥2. Platelet refractoriness was poorly monitored and most centres (89%) evaluated, mostly empirically (67%), response to transfusion only 24 hours later. Thirty percent of centres transfused platelets in asymptomatic refractory patients., Discussion: Although most Italian haematology departments transfuse PC according to Italian and international guidelines, our survey shows that in routine daily practice physicians do not comply closely with the WHO recommendations on platelet transfusions and monitoring platelet refractoriness. This causes excessive platelet transfusions, with a resulting increase of costs and waste of public health resources., Competing Interests: The Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Seizures in newborns do not always show a clear electro-clinical correlation. The real epileptic nature of some stereotyped rhythmic movements, included in the 'subtle seizures' and considered as brainstem release phenomena, is still debated. We report a brain injured newborn, who displayed several episodes of repetitive limb movements. The ictal EEG discharge, during one of these episodes, was associated with a motor pattern modification, which was endowed with quadrupedal locomotion kinematic features. This might represent an indirect evidence of cervical and lumbar Central Pattern Generators interconnection with in-phase coordination between diagonal limbs since the first hours of life in humans., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)