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Postharvest fibrosis and greening of Toona sinensis buds significantly affect their quality during storage. This study aimed to clarify the effects of low-temperature storage on postharvest red TSB quality harvested in different seasons. Red TSB samples were collected from Guizhou province, China, 21 days after the beginning of spring (Lichun), summer (Lixia), and autumn (Liqiu), and stored at 4 °C in dark conditions. We compared and analyzed the appearance, microstructure, chlorophyll and cellulose content, and expression levels of related genes across different seasons. The results indicated that TSB harvested in spring had a bright, purple-red color, whereas those harvested in summer and autumn were green. All samples lost water and darkened after 1 day of storage. Severe greening occurred in spring-harvested TSB within 3 days, a phenomenon not observed in summer and autumn samples. Microstructural analysis revealed that the cells in the palisade and spongy tissues of spring and autumn TSB settled closely during storage, while summer TSB cells remained loosely aligned. Xylem cells were smallest in spring-harvested TSB and largest in autumn. Prolonged storage led to thickening of the secondary cell walls and pith cell autolysis in the petioles, enlarging the cavity area. Chlorophyll content was higher in leaves than in petioles, while cellulose content was lower in petioles across all seasons. Both chlorophyll and cellulose content increased with storage time. Gene expression analysis showed season-dependent variations and significant increases in the expression of over half of the chlorophyll-related and cellulose-related genes during refrigeration, correlating with the observed changes in chlorophyll and cellulose content. This research provides valuable insights for improving postharvest storage and freshness preservation strategies for red TSB across different seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flower buds of Zingiber striolatum Diels are considered a special vegetable in China, and they are rich in anthocyanins. However, the detailed composition types and the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Z. striolatum flower buds are still unclear. In this study, targeted metabolites were used to analyze and identify the anthocyanin types of Z. striolatum in three planting modes: monoculture (CK), intercropping with maize (ZP), and intercropping with soybean (SP). A total of 48 anthocyanins were identified with significant differential accumulation in Z. striolatum flower buds. Among them, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the main composition type of anthocyanins. Furthermore, the composition types of blue anthocyanin were identified in flower buds. A total of 15 structure genes were obtained from the transcriptome database of Z. striolatum flower buds. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression levels of ZsC4H-1, ZsC4H-2, ZsCHS-2, ZsCHI, ZsF3H, ZsF3′H, ZsDFR, ZsF3′5′H-3, and ZsANS genes were the highest in the ZP model. This study showed that the ZP model contributes to anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation of Z. striolatum flower buds among the three planting modes of Z. striolatum. These findings provide valuable information for research on the planting model and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Z. striolatum flower buds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, titled "The Recognition and Utilization of Natural Genetic Resources for Advances in Plant Biology through Genomics and Biotechnology," discusses the importance of biological diversity and the potential for advancements in agriculture and horticulture through the use of plant genetic resources. The document highlights various studies and research findings related to genetic resources, genomics, biotechnology, genetic transformation, and tissue culture. It concludes by expressing gratitude to the contributors and announcing the availability of a subsequent Special Issue on the same topic. The authors of the document are Guofei Tan, Feng Que, and Jian Zhang. [Extracted from the article]

[Objectives] AgHSFB2 of celery (Apium graveolens L.) belongs to HSF gene family, which plays key roles in protecting plants from heat stress. Studying the related genes and proteins of the HSF family is important to exploring the heat resistant mechanism of celery. [ Methods ] AgHSFB2 gene was isolated from three celery cultivars, 4 Liuhehuangxinqin' 'Jinnanshiqin' and 'Ventura', respectively. Sequence analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression profdes under different temperature treatments(4,38 and 42 °C ). [Results]Sequence analysis indicated that the ORF length of AgHSFB2 was 918 bp,encoding 305 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of AgHSFB2 was 34 048 and pi value was 5.09. Phylogenetic analysis between AgHSFB2 of celery and HSF family factors in Arabidopsis showed that AgHSFB2 was close to HSFB2a and HSFB2b in the HSFB2 subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis among differnt plants illuminated that the HSFB2 of celery was close to Solarium tuberosum and Solarium lycopersicum from Solanaceae. Structure analysis implied that AgHSFB2 was composed of 3 a helixes and 4 p sheets. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that AgHSFB2 was tissue-specific and cultivars-specific. AgHSFB2 was mainly expressed in leaves of the three celery cultivars. Under different temperature treatments (4,38 and 42 °C ) , the expression profiles of AgHSFB2 had similar response trend, but the response time and intensity of AgHSFB2 had significant differences. AgHSFB2 of 'Ventura' was greatly upregulated after 2 h in 4 °C and 38 °C treatments. AgHSFB2 in 'Jinnanshiqin' and 'Ventura' both were upregulated obviously after 1 h in 42 °C treatment. [ Conclusions] The excessive expression of heat shock proteins can be induced by the overexpression of AgHSFB2 gene, helping the plants resist damages from the high temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoid, a group of lipophilic molecules, is widely distributed in nature, and is important for plant photosynthesis and photoprotection. In carrot taproot, different types of dominant carotenoid accumulation lead to yellow, orange, and red colors. In this study, six different carrot cultivars were used to simultaneously analyze carotenoid contents by high performance liquid chromatography. The expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis of carrot were also detected by real-time quantitative PCR. It was found that genes involved in xanthophyll formation were expressed at high levels in yellow carrot cultivars. However, these genes were expressed at low levels in orange carrot cultivars. The contents of α- and β-carotene accounted for a large proportion in total carotenoid contents in orange carrot cultivars. These results indicate that α-carotene accumulation and xanthophyll formation may be related to the expression levels of carotene hydroxylase genes in carrot., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, ChineseAcademy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)