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In this paper, we propose principles of information control and sharing that support ORCON (ORiginator COntrolled access control) models while simultaneously improving components of confidentiality, availability, and integrity needed to inherently support, when needed, responsibility to share policies, rapid information dissemination, data provenance, and data redaction. This new paradigm of providing unfettered and unimpeded access to information by authorized users, while at the same time, making access by unauthorized users impossible, contrasts with historical approaches to information sharing that have focused on need to know rather than need to (or responsibility to) share.

BACKGROUND: Returning to education (RtE) after an acquired brain injury (ABI) can be stressful for children/young people (CYP) and families. While much can be done to support RtE, there has been limited exploration of the lived experience of parents/carers about what can both help and hinder the process. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to understand more about RtE from parents' perspectives to inform best practice and facilitate improvements in service delivery. METHODS: A service evaluation explored parent/carer views about the RtE process and the support received from healthcare professionals at a regional centre in the UK. Questionnaires (n = 59) were sent to parents of patients treated for an ABI in the last two years. RESULTS: 31 parents (response rate = 51%) completed the survey. Results highlight the many challenges of RtE. Thematic analysis of responses revealed six key themes: Parental mindset and growth; What do they need now?; Specialist support and information; Talk and share; Challenges of new and hidden needs; and Don't forget them! CONCLUSION: Parents offer crucial insight into the challenges of the RtE process. Their feedback highlights important factors for service development and reminds professionals of the key components of an effective return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium doped SiO1.5 thin films fabricated by evaporation and containing silicon nanocrystals were investigated by atom probe tomography. The effect of post-growth annealing treatment has been systematically studied to correlate the structural properties obtained by atom probe tomography to the optical properties measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The atom probe results demonstrated the formation of Ce-Si rich clusters upon annealing at 900 °C which leads to a drastic decrease of the Ce-related luminescence. At 1100 °C, pure Si nanocrystals and optically active cerium silicate compounds are formed. Consequently, the Ce-related luminescence is found to re-appear at this temperature while no Si-nanocrystal related luminescence is observed for films containing more than 3% Ce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) as an optical probe we demonstrate the presence of free carriers in phosphorus doped silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) embedded in a silica matrix. In small SiNCs, with radius ranging from 2.6 to 5.5 nm, the infrared spectroscopy study coupled to numerical simulations allows us to determine the number of electrically active phosphorus atoms with a precision of a few atoms. We demonstrate that LSP resonances can be supported with only about 10 free electrons per nanocrystal, confirming theoretical predictions and probing the limit of the collective nature of plasmons. We reveal the appearance of an avoided crossing behavior linked to the hybridization between the localized surface plasmon in the doped nanocrystals and the silica matrix phonon modes. Finally, a careful analysis of the scattering time dependence versus carrier density in the small size regime allows us to detect the appearance of a new scattering process at high dopant concentration, which can be explained by P clustering inside the SiNCs.

Both the optical and structural properties of Ce-doped SiO1.5 thin films were investigated. The Ce-related blue luminescence, which can be seen even at room temperature for as-grown films, exhibits a rather complex evolution with the annealing temperature. In particular, a strong decrease is observed when the films are annealed at 900 °C. Structural characterizations combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography reveal the formation of Si- and Ce-rich clusters at this temperature, thus demonstrating that the decreasing Ce-related luminescence is due to concentration induced quenching. For annealing temperatures higher than 900 °C, the Ce-related luminescence increases. The different structural characterizations provide clear experimental evidence of a phase separation occurring at the nanoscale between pure Si nanocrystals and Ce-rich clusters having a stoichiometry close to the cerium silicates Ce2Si2O7 or Ce4.667(SiO4)3O. The latter compounds are optically active thereby explaining the increased Ce-related luminescence observed at the highest annealing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Alzheimer's Research UK (2015), 61 % of people would be willing to take part in dementia research, primarily to improve the lives of future generations yet there are currently only 4.5% of people living with dementia taking part in research (DH, 2015). Whilst initiatives like Join Dementia Research serve to increase opportunities for self-referral, it is still necessary for clinical teams to support research by offering people opportunities for involvement. However, a 'mystery shopper' survey conducted by the National Institute for Health Research (2013) found that non-research staff were not sure how to advise patients and the public about research and were not able to advise where this information could be found. We are three occupational therapist research practitioners working on a national randomised controlled trial. Receiving referrals and recruiting people into the study is a key part of our job. In order to maintain momentum around referrals, we meet with clinical teams to discuss the study and answer any questions. During such meetings, clinicians are excited to help in dementia research. However, this does not necessarily translate into referrals, with clinicians commonly explaining that they have forgotten about the research after we have gone. Re-visiting and reminding when working across one or more counties is not a viable option and we have drawn the conclusion that we need research interested clinicians in each team to do the reminding through the development and implementation of a 'champion' model. With the support from the R&D managers in our Trusts we are developing and rolling out a 'dementia research champion' programme within our Trusts. This process will be documented and an evidence base collected so that the programme can be extended into other areas. We would like to present the journey and outcomes of developing and implementing this programme and provide other research OTs with a model to take back to their practice areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balancing blue growth with the conservation of wild species and habitats is a key challenge for global ocean management. This is exacerbated in Global South nations, such as Tanzania, where climate-driven ocean change requires delicate marine spatial planning (MSP) trade-offs to ensure climate resilience of marine resources relied upon by coastal communities. Here, we identified challenges and opportunities that climate change presents to the near-term spatial management of Tanzania's artisanal fishing sector, marine protected areas and seaweed farming. Specifically, spatial meta-analysis of climate modelling for the region was carried out to estimate the natural distribution of climate resilience in the marine resources that support these socially important sectors. We estimated changes within the next 20 and 40 years, using modelling projections forced under global emissions trajectories, as well as a wealth of GIS and habitat suitability data derived from globally distributed programmes. Multi-decadal analyses indicated that long-term climate change trends and extreme weather present important challenges to the activity of these sectors, locally and regionally. Only in few instances did we identify areas exhibiting climate resilience and opportunities for sectoral expansion. Including these climate change refugia and bright spots in effective ocean management strategies may serve as nature-based solutions: promoting adaptive capacity in some of Tanzania's most vulnerable economic sectors; creating wage-gaining opportunities that promote gender parity; and delivering some economic benefits of a thriving ocean where possible. Without curbs in global emissions, however, a bleak future may emerge for globally valuable biodiversity hosted in Tanzania, and for its coastal communities, despite the expansion of protected areas or curbs in other pressures. Growing a sustainable ocean economy in this part of the Global South remains a substantial challenge without global decarbonization., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Human activities at sea can produce pressures and cumulative effects on ecosystem components that need to be monitored and assessed in a cost-effective manner. Five Horizon European projects have joined forces to collaboratively increase our knowledge and skills to monitor and assess the ocean in an innovative way, assisting managers and policy-makers in taking decisions to maintain sustainable activities at sea. Here, we present and discuss the status of some methods revised during a summer school, aiming at better management of coasts and seas. We include novel methods to monitor the coastal and ocean waters (e.g. environmental DNA, drones, imaging and artificial intelligence, climate modelling and spatial planning) and innovative tools to assess the status (e.g. cumulative impacts assessment, multiple pressures, Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool (NEAT), ecosystem services assessment or a new unifying approach). As a concluding remark, some of the most important challenges ahead are assessing the pros and cons of novel methods, comparing them with benchmark technologies and integrating these into long-standing time series for data continuity. This requires transition periods and careful planning, which can be covered through an intense collaboration of current and future European projects on marine biodiversity and ecosystem health., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Tropical oceans are among the first places to exhibit climate change signals, affecting the habitat distribution and abundance of marine fish. These changes to stocks, and subsequent impacts on fisheries production, may have considerable implications for coastal communities dependent on fisheries for food security and livelihoods. Understanding the impacts of climate change on tropical marine fisheries is therefore an important step towards developing sustainable, climate-ready fisheries management measures. We apply an established method of spatial meta-analysis to assess species distribution modelling datasets for key species targeted by the Philippines capture fisheries. We analysed datasets under two global emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and varying degrees of fishing pressure to quantify potential climate vulnerability of the target community. We found widespread responses to climate change in pelagic species in particular, with abundances projected to decline across much of the case study area, highlighting the challenges of maintaining food security in the face of a rapidly changing climate. We argue that sustainable fisheries management in the Philippines in the face of climate change can only be achieved through management strategies that allow for the mitigation of, and adaptation to, pressures already locked into the climate system for the near term. Our analysis may support this, providing fisheries managers with the means to identify potential climate change hotspots, bright spots and refugia, thereby supporting the development of climate-ready management plans., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A series of macrocyclic PKCθ inhibitors based on a 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one hinge binder has been studied. Different aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents have been explored in order to optimize potency, isoform selectivity as well as DMPK properties. The importance of the length of the macrocyclic linker has also been analyzed. In particular, it has been found that methyl substitutions on the linker can have a profound influence on both potency and metabolic stability. Several compounds showing very good profiles, suitable for in vivo testing, are disclosed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Sebastien Campos, Haiyang Yu, Shun Wang, John Maclean, Simon Taylor, Kevin Foote are currently employed by Pharmaron Discovery & Early Development, West Hill Innovation Park, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9FH. Edwige Nicodeme, Valerie Julia are currently employed by Galderma SA, Av. d'Ouchy 4, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (PSS) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that is gaining use when examining shoulder-specific outcomes. To date, a systematic review of the PSS measurement properties has not been published., Purpose: To systematically locate, appraise, and synthesize the evidence concerning the measurement properties of the PSS., Study Design: Systematic literature review., Methods: A pair of raters conducted a literature search using pre-defined keywords from 5 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, PsychINFO, Scopus) during the week of October 23, 2022. Critical appraisal of study design for psychometric articles was used to assess methodological quality and risk of bias. Measurement property data were synthesized with pooled estimates for the indices of test-retest reliability (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), Cronbach α (CA), effect size (ES), and standardized response means (SRM) calculated from applicable studies., Results: A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Methodological quality was agreed upon between the 2 raters with a weighted kappa of 0.77, and 9/13 of the articles were rated above 70%. Test-retest reliability of the PSS total score ranged between 0.90 and 0.94, and construct validity was high when compared to other shoulder-specific PROMs (0.75 < r > 0.96). Responsiveness of the PSS was large across all studies with few PSS subscales dropping to moderate. Pooled MDC90 of the total PSS was 12.13 points, and the pooled ES of the total PSS was 0.85., Conclusions: The scope of this review demonstrates positive measurement properties of the PSS as a reliable, valid, and responsive measurement of shoulder-specific PROM. However, there are few studies examining the measurement properties of the PSS and more research is needed to assess cross-cultural appropriateness and factor analysis of the questions contained in the PSS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest On behalf of the authorship of this submitted manuscript, we have no financial interest or personal benefit that would affect our objectivity when writing this manuscript. Therefore, we have nothing to disclose., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)