521 results on '"TRANSGENDER athletes"'
Search Results
2. Transgender Athletes' Testimonies of Existence and Resistance: Breaking Gender Binaries in Online Women's Sports Media.
- Author
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Crawford, Monica
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENDER athletes , *WOMEN'S sports , *CRITICAL discourse analysis , *BINARY gender system , *TRANSGENDER people , *SPORTS participation - Abstract
Within an increasingly polarized media environment, transgender inclusion within sport has become a political wedge issue and, accordingly, a newsworthy topic. This study adds to the literature on media representation of transgender athletes by focusing on coverage within five women's sports media outlets. Through a critical discourse analysis of 190 media artifacts, this study considers how the outlets discursively construct transgender and nonbinary athletes and engage in conversations around transgender inclusion within sport. Findings show that women's sports media outlets foreground the legality of transgender athletic participation and the humanity of transgender athletes. Moreover, the outlets are understood here as a counterpublic where media organizations embrace an explicitly activist stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Weaponizing Sport: Exploring the Legal and Policy Implications of Menstrual Tracking for Transgender and Nonbinary Athletes.
- Author
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Darvin, Lindsey, Spagnuolo, Tia, and Schultz, David
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH Insurance Portability & Accountability Act , *SPORTS participation , *SCHOOL sports , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANSPHOBIA ,FAMILY Educational Rights & Privacy Act of 1974 (U.S.) - Abstract
The intersection of gender identity, sports participation, and health care is increasingly under scrutiny within legal and policy spheres. Specifically, the practice of tracking U.S. high school athletes' menstrual cycles sustains concerning implications for gender-based discrimination, particularly affecting transgender and nonbinary athletes. This paper examines the legal and policy implications of menstrual tracking in high school athletics, highlighting the potential violations of privacy rights and discrimination against athletes of diverse gender identities. By analyzing existing laws, regulations, and case law, the paper explores the complexities surrounding the practice of menstrual tracking and calls for more inclusive and equitable sports policies. Additionally, it addresses gaps in privacy protections under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, emphasizing the need for updated regulations to safeguard students' health-related data in digital environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Queering Gender Equity Policies for Trans College Athletes.
- Author
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Harry, Molly and Graves, Ellen I.
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *COLLEGE athletes , *COLLEGE sports , *GENDER inequality , *QUEER theory - Abstract
Trans college athletes are subjected to inconsistent and inequitable participation regulations. We adopted feminist and queer theoretical lenses to examine the gender equity policies of eight sport governing bodies in attempts to further understand the systems and structures within which trans college athletes must participate and comply. Analysis indicated predominance of entrenched essentialist feminism and limited performative postmodern/queer perspectives, leaving trans college athletes vulnerable to discriminatory/exclusionary policies and practices. To conclude, we offer three recommendations to promote better trans athlete inclusion across college sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. A Sporting Body Without Organs: Theorizing Un/Gendered Assemblages.
- Author
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Marciano Levenstein, Janeanne
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *LGBTQ+ studies , *ORGANS (Anatomy) , *GENDER , *SPORTS - Abstract
Responsive to the recent proliferation of anti-trans sports policies and state legislation, this essay argues for a deeper collaboration across sports studies and trans studies. I offer an analysis of the 2020 Gender Inclusion Policy enacted by USA Ultimate (the North American governing body for the sport of ultimate frisbee) alongside an analysis of my embodied experiences while playing the sport. I develop a set of interrelated terms—the sporting body without organs and un/Gendered assemblages—that build upon Deleuzian and trans studies onto-epistemologies. Beyond an exploration of the gendered policies of ultimate frisbee, this essay's broader purpose is to redirect the conversation about trans athletes and anti-trans policies away from the topic of how and why bodies become organized into categorical inclusion/exclusion, toward a focus on sporting moments and movements when gender can become a malleable element of play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Sports and the Limits of the Binary: An Introduction.
- Author
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Posbergh, Anna, Baeth, Anna, Bekker, Sheree, and Rochon, Roc
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *DECOLONIZATION , *SPORTS , *SOCIOLOGY , *ATHLETES - Abstract
In this special issue introduction for "Sports and the Limits of the Binary: Trans and Nonbinary Athletes and Equity in Sport," we provide an overview of the contemporary landscape of trans/nonbinary athlete inclusion, from both academic and nonacademic perspectives. We especially highlight the sociology of sport's contributions to the literature on this topic, as well as the key foundations and influences from black, queer, decolonial/postcolonial, and disabled scholars. We then introduce ourselves as the guest editors of this special issue and how we arrived at this area of research before closing with brief synopses of each article in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. On the justification for World Rugby’s ban on trans women: assessing key arguments in the debate.
- Author
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Luzzi, Federico
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANS women , *WOMEN athletes , *RUGBY football , *ARGUMENT - Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical justification for World Rugby’s ban of trans women athletes from the ‘Women’s’ category at elite level. It is argued that Pike’s lexical priority argument in support of this ban is flawed; that Burke’s partially concessive response to Pike leads Burke to endorse an incoherent position; and that by rejecting Pike’s lexical priority argument, Burke’s view can both be made consistent and can be defended against the two criticisms levelled to it by Imbrišević. A stronger justification for WR’s ban is identified and discussed, and a diagnosis for the debate’s intractability is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. State-Level Politics and Bias Predict Transgender Athlete Bans.
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Garrison, Kelsey M. and Cunningham, George B.
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANSGENDER people , *SMOKING laws , *TRANSGENDER rights , *MANAGERS of sports teams , *IMPLICIT bias , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the political leanings of a state, the state-level implicit and explicit biases against transgender people, and the presence of transgender athlete bans. The authors collected archival data from 2021 and 2022 bans in the United States to examine the hypotheses. As of 2022, 18 states had passed laws barring transgender athletes from participating in sports. Results from regression analyses showed that conservative-leaning states were more likely to enact transgender athlete bans than their peers. The relationship was mediated by explicit (but not implicit) bias toward transgender people. The findings have implications for research and practice. Sport managers have an opportunity to create transgender-inclusive workplaces for staff, coaches, and other managers. They should also work with campus counselors and other staff to ensure that transgender athletes have ample support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Musculoskeletal and cardiovascular considerations for transgender athletes.
- Author
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Yang, Kailynn J., Kerr, Canaan, Rumps, Mia V., and Mulcahey, Mary
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TRANSGENDER athletes ,TRANSGENDER people ,ATHLETES' health ,MEDICAL personnel ,GENDER affirming care - Abstract
Objective: Participation in athletics is essential for the overall well-being of transgender athletes and should be included as part of gender-affirming care. Surveys show physicians and athletic trainers want to provide appropriate care for transgender athletes but lack the proper knowledge and training to do so. Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) is part of gender-affirming care, yet the effects of GAHT on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health of transgender athletes is not well-understood. The purpose of this review was to discuss important musculoskeletal and cardiovascular considerations unique to transgender athletes and improve physician understanding in caring for transgender athletes. Methods: A representative selection of literature on the effects of GAHT on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health was included in this review. Results: Estrogen therapy may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and stroke, and decrease blood pressure levels among transgender women, while studies on lipid profile are inconsistent among both transgender men and women. Transgender women receiving GAHT may also be at greater risk for bone fracture and ligamentous injuries. Conclusion: Exercise is essential for the well-being of transgender individuals and special considerations regarding the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health of transgender athletes should be incorporated into standard medical education. Educational programs for transgender patients and their support team should focus on preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of adverse musculoskeletal and cardiovascular events. The PPE is an invaluable tool available to physicians to monitor the health and safety of transgender athletes and should be regularly updated as research on the health of transgender individuals continues to grow. Longitudinal and prospective studies should examine the effects of GAHT on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health of transgender athletes. Lastly, health care providers play an important role in the advancement of gender-neutral policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. “Having an unfair advantage” vs “playing by the Rules”: media discourses of trans Women’s participation in the Olympics.
- Author
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Kavoura, Anna and Jenzen, Olu
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- *
TRANSGENDER athletes , *OLYMPIC Games , *TRANS women , *TRANSGENDER people , *DISCOURSE analysis - Abstract
This study reviews UK news media discourses surrounding New Zealand’s weightlifter Laurel Hubbard’s participation in the 2020 Olympics as the first ever publicly open transgender woman to compete at the Olympic Games. Discourse Analysis of 94 news and opinion articles published in the UK press before and after the Olympics, reveals contradictory portrayals of Hubbard as both
having an unfair biological advantage andplaying by the rules . While these discursive constructions appear contradictory on the surface, both draw on wider cisgenderist discourses to produce and police normative understandings of gender. We argue that sports media is a heightened site for the production of gendered bodies (in sport and in general), contributing to the production of ignorance around trans people, and influencing policy debates around the topic of trans inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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11. Congealing Binary Sex/Gender Inequalities Through News Stories About Intersex and Transgender Athletes.
- Author
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Skewes, Lea and Kroløkke, Charlotte Halmø
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANSGENDER people , *INTERSEX people , *SOCIAL psychology , *GENDER inequality , *SEXISM - Abstract
Through the lens of Feminist STS, we explore Danish newspaper stories about sex hormones. We build on Haraway'sconcept of the material-semiotic and Roberts' understanding of sexhormones as bio-social messengers of sex to explore how the borders of binary sex/gender are policed in stories about intersex and transgender athletes. We combine these Feminist STS concepts with theconcept of benevolent sexism from social psychology to investigate stories about how women are understood or defined in elite sports. We show that stories about sex hormones often are narrated as stories about protecting ciswomen, and that the argument for hormonal interventions often is entangled in a form of benevolent sexism,implying that stereotypical ciswomen need protection. However, the people who the stereotypical ciswomen are narrated as needing protection from, are not; (a) cismen, (b) a science which upholds a bio-essentialist definition of women, or (c) the cultural norms in organizations dominated by men, but rather intersex and transgender people who challenge (or embody a challenge to) the binary sex/gender hierarchy. In these sports stories, science about sex hormones isused to reproduce a benevolent sexist narrative that reiterates ciswomen as vulnerable and narrates intersex and transwomen as the primary threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Tracing Testosterone in Women's Elite Sports News Coverage: Cisnormatively Policing the Category of Women.
- Author
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Uldbjerg, Signe and Occhino, Molly
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN'S sports , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *WOMEN athletes , *LGBTQ+ studies , *BINARY gender system , *SPORTS participation - Abstract
The study is tracing testosterone through debates and regulations of participation in women's elite sport between 2015 and 2022. We are interested in the ways that testosterone becomes an agent in constructing sport-bodies as gendered bodies and sustaining as well as deconstructing binary gender categories in elite sport. Furthermore, taking up feminist science and technology studies, affect and trans theory, we are interested in what testosterone does to the ways elite women athletes are imagined, but moreover, we are interested in the figures and signifiers that get attached to testosterone within elite sporting realms, such as questions of fairness and danger. Based on a dataset of documents, regulations, and press releases from a range of international sports organizations and articles from Danish media debates on (especially trans) women's participation in sports, we analyse selected cases of woman athletes, sport organization and sport disciplines that have been involved in debates about testosterone rules and levels in women's sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Banned in sports, ignored in media, stigmatized in society: transgender athletes in Turkey.
- Author
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Tiryaki, Salih
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANSGENDER people , *TRANS women , *SEX (Biology) , *TRADITIONAL societies - Abstract
Social, cultural, and political ideologies have a significant impact on gender policies. In traditional societies, gender identities beyond those determined by an individual’s biological sex at birth are disregarded and stigmatized. In this respect, sport is of great significance for transgender individuals as a field of visibility and struggle. However, political decisions taken by international and national federations on sporting grounds lead to the exclusion of transgender athletes from sports activities. The present study examines the reactions of X users to the decision of World Athletics to ban transgender women from competing in the women’s category. In this direction, comments posted on the X accounts of traditional mass media organizations (
n = 7) and digital news producers (n = 14) operating in Turkey who reported on World Athletics’ decision on X were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative content analysis. As a result of the study, it was determined that traditional mass media avoided reporting the event. Moreover, while most of the comments posted by users (93.35%) consisted of content in support of the decision, it was found that cultural (18.50%) and religious (17.44%) themes also stood out. It was also found that transgender athletes were stigmatized with discourses including keywords such as “mutant.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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14. Transgender competition in combat sports: Position statement of the Association of ringside physicians.
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Bascharon, Randa, Sethi, Nitin K, Estevez, Ryan, Gordon, Mark, Guevara, Carlo, Twohey, Eric, and deWeber, Kevin
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COMBAT sports ,SPORTS competitions ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,TRANSGENDER people ,TRANS men ,TRANS women - Abstract
The Association of Ringside Physicians (ARP) is committed to the concept of fair competition. It advocates for two equally skilled and matched athletes to keep bouts fair, competitive, entertaining, and, most importantly, safe for all combatants. Numerous studies have proven that transgender women may have a competitive athletic advantage against otherwise matched cis-gender women. Likewise, transgender men may suffer a competitive disadvantage against cis-gender men. These differences – both anatomic and physiologic – persist despite normalization of sex hormone levels and create disparities in competitive abilities that are not compatible with the spirit of fair competition. More importantly, allowing transgender athletes to compete against cisgender athletes in combat sports, which already involve significant risk of serious injury, unnecessarily raises the risk of injury due to these differences. Hence the ARP does not support transgender athlete competition against cisgender athletes in combat sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Why 'Meaningful Competition' is not fair competition.
- Author
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Pike, Jon
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANS women - Abstract
In this paper I discuss a new conception that has arrived relatively recently on the scene, in the context of the debate over the inclusion of transwomen (hereafter TW) in female sport. That conception is 'Meaningful Competition' (hereafter MC) – a term used by some of those who advocate for the inclusion of TW in female sport if and only if they reduce their testosterone levels. I will argue that MC is not fair. I understand MC as a substitute concept, as an attempt to substitute for the perfectly serviceable concept of fair competition. It is an attempt at conceptual engineering that should be resisted. This is important because some International Federations have accepted MC as good coin, and the underlying theory of MC, which I explicate for the first time, underpins the stance taken by the IOC (International Olympic Committee) in its Framework Document. To establish that the inclusion of TW in female sport meets the criteria of MC in the sense I explicate here, does not show that the inclusion of TW in female sport is fair. Such inclusion is not fair, and the proper currency of sport is fair competition. 'Meaningful Competition', on the other hand, is a snare and a delusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. CAMARADERIE ON THE Rink.
- Author
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NAIL, TRISHA
- Subjects
SCHOOL sports ,SPORTS participation ,ROLLER derby ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,ROLLER skating ,ATHLETIC scholarships - Abstract
Roller Derby in New Hampshire is a sport that brings together a diverse group of individuals, including cisgender and transgender people, to play together in a welcoming and inclusive environment. The New Hampshire Roller Derby is a Manchester-based nonprofit that is part of a larger community of roller derby teams in the state. Participants in roller derby find a sense of belonging and camaraderie, regardless of their age, occupation, or gender identity. The sport allows transgender players to freely express their gender and be athletic without facing discrimination. Roller derby is a full-contact sport played on an oval-shaped track, and it is open to individuals of all body types and athletic backgrounds. The sport is governed by organizations such as the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) and the Men's Roller Derby Association (MRDA), and neither organization requires transgender players to undergo hormone therapy. Roller derby provides a supportive community for individuals who may have felt like misfits in traditional team sports, and it can be a lifeline for transgender individuals seeking acceptance and self-worth. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
17. TRANSGENDER ATHLETES & DISABILITY RIGHTS.
- Author
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Barry, Kevin M.
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER athletes , *SEX discrimination , *ATHLETES with disabilities , *TRANSPHOBIA , *HUMAN sexuality & law , *SPORTS participation , *GENDER dysphoria - Abstract
The participation of transgender athletes in sex-based sports has become one of the most politically and culturally fraught issues of our time. As of May 2024, twenty-five states have passed laws or regulations that categorically prohibit transgender women and girls in K-12 schools and/or college from playing sex-based sports with other women and girls. Like so many areas of transgender people's lives--from access to healthcare to use of public restrooms--participation in sex-based sports is now a legal issue that will be decided by courts. Debate over the proper legal response to the participation of transgender athletes in sex-based sports has focused almost exclusively on sex discrimination law. This Article offers a different but complementary way to address the categorical exclusion of transgender women and girls from sex-based sports based on a source of civil rights that has been noticeably missing from the current debate: disability rights law. "Gender dysphoria" is the clinically significant distress a transgender person experiences if they are not allowed to live as who they are. For over thirty years, the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act have excluded from their protection "gender identity disorders not resulting from physical impairments." In recent years, numerous federal courts and agencies have interpreted these laws to prohibit discrimination based on gender dysphoria, culminating in the Fourth Circuit's landmark decision in Williams v. Kincaid in 2022-the first circuit-level case to recognize gender dysphoria as a protected disability under disability rights laws. Accordingly, state laws that categorically ban transgender women and girls from playing sex-based sports discriminate based on gender dysphoria in violation of disability rights law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
18. Healthcare access and barriers to utilization among transgender and gender diverse people in Africa: a systematic review.
- Author
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Jessani, Abbas, Berry-Moreau, Teagan, Parmar, Reeya, Athanasakos, Alexia, Prodger, Jessica L., and Mujugira, Andrew
- Subjects
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MEDICAL care , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *HEALTH service areas , *HEALTH planning - Abstract
Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people face significant challenges in accessing timely, culturally competent, and adequate healthcare due to structural and systemic barriers, yet there is a lack of research exploring the access and utilization of healthcare services within African TGD communities. To address this gap, this systematic review explored: (1) barriers to accessing healthcare services and gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) faced by TGD people, (2) demographic and societal factors correlated with the utilization of healthcare services and GAHT, (3) common healthcare and support services utilized by TGD people, and (4) patterns of accessing healthcare services and GAHT within TGD communities. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus in September 2023. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed original research, reports, and summaries published in the English language assessing health service accessibility and utilization of TGD people in Africa between January 2016 and December 2023. Results: From 2072 potentially relevant articles, 159 were assessed for eligibility following duplicate removal, and 49 were included for analysis. Forty-five articles addressed barriers to accessing healthcare services and GAHT, seven focused on demographic and societal factors correlated with the utilization of healthcare services and GAHT, 16 covered common healthcare and support services utilized by TGD people, and seven examined patterns of accessing healthcare services and GAHT. Findings suggested a limited availability of health services, inadequate knowledge of TGD healthcare needs among healthcare providers, a lack of recognition of TGD people in healthcare settings, healthcare-related stigma, and financial constraints within African TGD communities. An absence of studies conducted in Northern and Central Africa was identified. Conclusions: TGD people in Africa encounter significant barriers when seeking healthcare services, leading to disparity in the utilization of healthcare and resulting in a disproportionate burden of health risks. The implications of these barriers highlight the urgent need for more high-quality evidence to promote health equity for African TGD people. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42024532405. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. NCAA coaches' perceptions of the inclusion of transgender athletes: a qualitative analysis.
- Author
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Arnold, Macey L., Chambers, Kasey, and Petrie, Trent A.
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COACH-athlete relationships , *COLLEGE sports , *TRANSGENDER rights , *TRANSGENDER identity , *COACHES (Athletics) - Abstract
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) established policies for the inclusion of transgender athletes to compete in collegiate sport that align with their gender identity. Despite this access, the extent to which collegiate sport environments are welcoming, inclusive and supportive of transgender athletes is unclear. Understanding coaches' perceptions and attitudes is particularly salient given the critical, and often personal, nature of coach–athlete relationships and the impact coaches have on sport environments [Kuhlin, F., Barker-Ruchti, N., & Stewart, C. (2020). Long-term impact of the coach–athlete relationship on development, health and wellbeing: stories from a figure skater. Sports Coaching Review, 9(2), 208–230; Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2013). The perceived effects of elite athletes' experiences of emotional abuse in the coach–athlete relationship. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 87–100]. NCAA coaches' perceptions of, and attitudes towards the inclusion of transgender athletes is unknown, and thus the degree to which coaches are creating safe, or harmful, environments for transgender athletes is unknown. The present study aims investigate coaches' perceptions to be able to inform policy and education for promoting inclusive, safe environments for transgender athletes. We asked NCAA coaches (N = 1358) to describe the reasoning for their beliefs regarding the inclusion of transgender athletes in collegiate sports. Through reflexive thematic analysis, we determined coaches' reasoning for their perceptions, within the context of five higher-order themes: (a) It's not right: Transgender identities as invalid, (b) A need to protect (cis) women's sports, (c) Transgender rights are human rights, (d) Sport's role in society and coaches' role in sport and (e) I am not sure what I believe. Analyses illuminate avenues for transgender athlete inclusion training for coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Transgender Athlete Participation in Sport: Misplaced Fear and the Harms of Exclusion.
- Author
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Phillips, Robert S., Ryder, Lee R., and Clark, Ebony Jackson
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SPORTS participation ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,PHYSICAL therapists ,RECREATIONAL sports ,TRANSGENDER communities - Abstract
As physical therapists and exercise professionals, we have an obligation to promote health and well-being through participation in sport and recreational/physical activity. We play an active role in facilitating and encouraging movement for a large percentage of the population, including our transgender patients/clients. It is integral that we include transgender individuals in supportive and inclusive atmospheres of play, and it is critical for us to lead the conversation around the inclusion of the transgender community in recreational activities and sport. This commentary provides evidence for the physical therapy community to support, advocate for, and include all populations as we promote healthy habits through sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. What Running With Other Women Means to CeCé Telfer.
- Author
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McCarty, Grace
- Subjects
WOMEN'S sports ,TRACK & field ,COACHES (Athletics) ,ATHLETIC directors ,TRANSGENDER athletes - Abstract
CeCé Telfer, a transgender athlete, describes her experience joining a women's track team in her memoir. She expresses relief and joy at finally being able to compete with female athletes, but also acknowledges the backlash she faces. Telfer follows NCAA regulations for transgender athletes, including hormone level testing. She worries about acceptance from new teammates but finds support from her coach and some teammates. Telfer competes in her first meet as a woman and qualifies for nationals, but also faces criticism and death threats. Despite the challenges, she remains grateful for the support she receives from her loved ones and the NCAA's commitment to inclusivity. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. 'Make It Count' Is Our Summer SELF-Well Read Book Club Pick.
- Author
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McCarty, Grace
- Subjects
HORMONE therapy ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,TRACK & field ,TRANS women ,NATIONAL championships - Abstract
CeCé Telfer, the first openly transgender woman to win an NCAA title, shares her story in her memoir "Make It Count: My Fight to Become the First Transgender Olympic Runner." Telfer's journey begins in Jamaica, where she faced challenges and discrimination due to her gender identity. Despite these obstacles, Telfer's love for track and field became her refuge. The memoir explores the difficulties and disadvantages that trans athletes face, rather than focusing on debunking arguments about unfair advantages. Telfer's story is a compelling and inspiring account of her determination to pursue her passion for running. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
23. FRAMING TRANS ISSUES: In an election year.
- Author
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Chua, Gina
- Subjects
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TRANSGENDER children , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANSGENDER people , *GENDER expression , *TRANS women , *ABORTION laws - Published
- 2024
24. Continuing the Conversation: Letter to the Editor: Equity360: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity: Sex and Fairness in Sports.
- Author
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Rahman, Ayesha, Jacobson, Alicia, Tetreault, Tyler, Goodrich, Ezra, Rogerson, Ashley, Samora, Julie, and Bellamy, Jaime
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RACE , *TRANSGENDER people , *GENDER , *ETHNICITY , *GENDER identity , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *GENDER affirmation surgery - Abstract
This letter, written by the Board of Pride Ortho, responds to a previous letter discussing gender, race, and fairness in sports. The response challenges the evidence cited in the previous letter, particularly the use of biased sources and the misinterpretation of scientific studies. It emphasizes that transgender women have different physiological characteristics than cisgender males, even after undergoing gender-affirming treatment. The response also addresses social concerns, such as the proposal to segregate transgender women into a separate category in sports, and highlights the importance of using valid and unbiased sources in this ongoing discourse. The letter concludes by expressing support for transgender inclusion and success in all aspects of society. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Esélyegyenlőség és diszkrimináció az élsportban 2.: Diverzitás és esélyegyenlőség szabályozása a női élsportban.
- Author
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Anikó, Kapros and Viktória, Resperger
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TRANSGENDER athletes ,ELITE athletes ,WOMEN athletes ,MILITARY education ,SPORTS - Abstract
Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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26. Interview: A Childhood Story of Growth and Self‐Discovery: 20,000 Species of Bees.
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Genç, Seray
- Subjects
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BEES , *FILM festivals , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *SOCIAL change , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
Estibaliz Urresola Solaguren, born on May 4, 1984, in Llodio, Álava, is a film director, screenwriter, and producer from the Basque Country, Spain. Her works include the documentary "Voces de papel" (2016) and the short film "Cuerdas" (2022). However, it is her first feature film, "20,000 species of bees" (2023), that earned widespread acclaim and won awards at various film festivals. This film delves into the challenges faced by a family with a transgender girl, drawing inspiration from the tragic story of Ekai Lersundi. Urresola's aspiration was to evoke empathy for the struggles of transgender individuals, fueled by the hope for societal change. The film's compelling narrative revolves around 8‐year‐old Cocó's journey of self‐discovery, challenging societal expectations and prompting his mother, Ane, to confront her own doubts and fears during a transformative summer spent with family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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27. Who counts as a woman? A critical discourse analysis of petitions against the participation of transgender athletes in women's sport.
- Author
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Jakubowska, Honorata
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN'S sports , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *WOMEN athletes , *TRANS women , *CRITICAL discourse analysis , *SOCIOCULTURAL factors , *SPORTS participation - Abstract
This article aims to analyze the organizational anti-trans discourse on the presence of transgender athletes in women's sport. To achieve this, the petitions published from 2019 to 2022 on the websites of three US organizations (Save Women's Sports, Independent Council on Women's Sports, and the Women's Sports Policy Working Group) were analyzed. The analysis addressed the research questions of how this discourse defines trans women and trans bodies and reproduces the indispensability of sex segregation in sport competitions. The research revealed that the petitions' authors identified trans athletes as biological males who have an advantage over cis women. The organizations demand that the protection of women's sport from trans women's participation and women's rights be based on the sex (assigned at birth) category. The article emphasizes that members and allies of these organizations perceive biomedical science as providing objective arguments for the sex dichotomy and the exclusion of trans women from sport competitions. At the same time, the petitions' authors ignore sociocultural factors that influence the perception of gender dichotomy and athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sword or Shield? The Weaponization of Title IX Against Transgender Athletes.
- Author
-
Brant, Jacqueline
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER athletes ,SEX discrimination ,TRANSGENDER students ,DISCRIMINATION lawsuits - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Transgender athletes and Canadian sport policy: a story of stigma and precarity.
- Author
-
Bridel, William, Clowater, Victoria, Quesnel, Dennis, MacDonald, Connor, and Zacher, Jordan
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER athletes ,COACH-athlete relationships ,GENDER-nonconforming people ,HARASSMENT ,SPORTS participation ,TRANSGENDER people ,PRECARITY - Abstract
Policy can serve as a form of institutionalised stigma, working to create and maintain discrimination against groups of people. Some Canadian National Sport Organizations (NSOs) have developed policies that address transgender inclusion within sport. However, where these policies exist, they vary in their approaches to inclusion of transgender persons. This article examines how Canadian sport policies prohibit and/or police transgender persons' participation in sport. In 2019, the publicly available policies of 53 NSOs were reviewed to determine the presence and content of so-called transgender inclusion policies, as well as policies related to equity, discrimination and harassment. At the time of the study, only 17 of the 53 NSOs had policies specifically related to transgender inclusion. In this study, we review these policies to understand the varying approaches to transgender inclusion in Canadian NSOs. We classified the NSOs into three broad categories: inclusive (n = 11), problematic (n = 1) and prejudicial (n = 5), in relation to naming, disclosure and medical specifications. Using Judith Butler's concept of precarity, we demonstrate that participation in sport is a precarious choice for transgender athletes, as most NSO policies lacked clear guidance on inclusion and there were next to no policy statements on gender non-conforming people. The development of inclusive policy within sport should be proactive, actionable, consistent with best practices and must include meaningful conversations with transgender and gender non-conforming athletes, coaches and officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. INTERSEX AND TRANSGENDER ATHLETES AND ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE REMEDIES.
- Author
-
Bantekas, Ilias
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER athletes ,ARBITRATION & award ,FEDERAL courts ,APPELLATE courts ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts - Abstract
The Semenya case and its ultimate journey to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) demonstrates that the contractual, pyramidal sports architecture that encompasses athletes, national federations, and sport governing bodies may produce anomalous human rights outcomes. In particular, because the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is treated the same way as any other form of commercial arbitration, human rights issues that would otherwise be entertained by pertinent courts now fall between the limited cracks of the set-aside mechanism available to the competent courts of the lex arbitri (the seat of the arbitration). The Swiss Federal Supreme Court is correct in its narrow application of set-aside challenges against CAS in respect of human rights claims, albeit this hardly addresses the issue. This article suggests that the restrictive pyramidal structure with sport governing bodies at the apex will lead to other athletes attempting to vindicate their human rights concerns by engaging in creative forum shopping, particularly in jurisdictions perceived as being undeterred by forum non conveniens considerations. It may well be that the principles underlying the emerging Business and Human Rights (BHR) treaty will find application in the transnational sports arena so that the human rights jurisdiction of national courts becomes more active and engaged. This in turn might persuade the powers of CAS to embed human rights guarantees in the work of panels in order to avoid parallel jurisdiction and excessive external scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
31. FAIRNESS FOR ALL? THE IMPLICATIONS OF ADOPTING A THIRD-GENDER CATEGORY IN ELITE SPORTS.
- Author
-
Fox, Emily
- Subjects
SPORTS ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,ELITE (Social sciences) - Abstract
The article examines the implications of introducing a third-gender category in elite sports, particularly in the context of transgender athletes competing at the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships. It delves into the legal and constitutional challenges that such a category would face in the U.S., analyzing the potential impacts on transgender athletes' participation rights and the responsibilities of sports-governing bodies.
- Published
- 2024
32. Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Chan, Alex Siu Wing, Choong, Alston, Phang, Kean Chang, Leung, Lok Man, Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen, and Yan, Elsie
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER athletes ,SPORTS participation ,HEALTH of transgender people ,MENTAL health ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,TRANSGENDER people - Abstract
Background: Discrimination and inequality have been identified as significant problems faced by transgender individuals in sports participation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting equality. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the experiences of transgender athletes in sports, focusing on mental health issues and factors contributing to inequality among transgender and other sexual minorities. Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searched 10 electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to identify eligible studies published between 2005 and 2022. The search yielded 1430 articles, of which only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Results: The meta-analysis of the 12 studies included in this review revealed that transgender athletes faced social discrimination and inequality in sports participation, resulting in mental health problems and higher rates of suicide. From a cohort of 21,565 participants in the studies, 7152 (33%) were subjected to discrimination in sports participation and healthcare, with a rate of 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35, 0.81). However, transgender athletes who felt welcomed and embraced by their respective teams accounted for 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.65). These results indicated significant differences between how transgender athletes are treated in healthcare settings and when participating in sports. Conclusion: The study findings underscore the need for policies, cultural research, and interventions to address discrimination and inequality faced by transgender athletes in sports participation. Promoting equality and safeguarding the rights of transgender athletes can mitigate the risk of mental health problems and increase physical activity among sexual minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Atletas Trans no Brasil - Atores, discursos e disputas políticas no debate público.
- Author
-
Rodrigues Lemos, Agnes
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER athletes ,TRANSGENDER people ,GENDER identity ,SEX (Biology) ,PRACTICE (Sports) ,SPORTS participation - Abstract
Copyright of La Manzana de la discordia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The politics of exclusion: Analyzing U.S. state responses to interscholastic transgender athletes.
- Author
-
Harris, Spencer, Jedlicka, Scott, Pielke Jr, Roger, and Ryan, Henry
- Subjects
TRANSGENDER athletes ,SPORTS participation ,GENDER identity ,SCHOOL sports ,SYMBOLISM in politics ,TRANSGENDER people - Abstract
This paper provides a baseline characterisation of legislative action against transgender people participating in U.S. interscholastic sport. Using Kingdon's multiple streams approach, we analyse legislation across the 50 states using data up to 1 October 2022. We also analyse qualitative data from public officials to document the framing and justification of legislative efforts. Our findings are clustered into four categories – legislators in states that have enacted legislation to prevent transgender participation in school sport (n = 19), those that have introduced legislation (n = 23), those that have not (yet) taken action (n = 7), and those that have progressive legislation requiring schools to permit participation by gender identity (n = 1). Our data suggest that national-level interest groups have played a critical role in policy diffusion across the states, leveraging the problem window in an intensely contested context, using sporting, judicial, and political focusing events to draw attention to the perceived problem. These dynamics have resulted in solutions searching for problems. Moreover, the issue of transgender inclusion in sport (a subset of legislative efforts against transgender people) has escalated a form of symbolic politics which is as much about partisan contestation as it is about addressing a perceived problem. While we recognise that the issue is complex, we believe that there are other solutions – beyond outright exclusion from school sport – that should be more fully explored. Because exclusionary policies claim to uphold sport's fundamental values, sport organisations can lead on this issue by clearly defining these values and translating them into pragmatic policy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Value frames in discourse supporting transgender athlete bans.
- Author
-
Martin, Kimberly and Rahilly, Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENDER athletes , *GENDER identity , *GOVERNMENT policy , *CRITICAL discourse analysis , *POLITICAL elites - Abstract
American states began passing legislation that would ban transgender girls from competing on sports teams that match their gender identity in 2020. During legislative debate, supporters of transgender athlete bans adopted rhetoric that framed their arguments in terms of commonly held values. 'Value frames' establish connections between people and spoken values and have a powerful effect on the way that opinions about public policy are formed. We conduct a discourse analysis of video and audio footage from committee testimony and chamber debate from 18 US states to identify the major discursive themes used by the bans' supporters. Themes include gender simplicity, male advantage, protecting women and preventing change. Our discussion and analysis connects these themes to long-standing value frames used by political elites, namely tradition, fairness and equal opportunity. The conclusion addresses the implications of this discourse for shaping the public's understanding of sex and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Safety, fairness, and inclusion: transgender athletes and the essence of Rugby.
- Author
-
Pike, Jon
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENDER athletes , *WOMEN'S sports , *RUGBY football , *WOMEN athletes , *FAIRNESS , *INTERNATIONAL obligations - Abstract
In this paper, I link philosophical discussion of policies for trans inclusion or exclusion, to a method of policy making. I address the relationship between concerns about safety, fairness, and inclusion in policy making about the inclusion of transwomen athletes into women's sport. I argue for an approach based on lexical priority rather than simple 'balancing', considering the different values in a specific order. I present justifying reasons for this approach and this lexical order, based on the special obligations of International Federations such as World Rugby. As a result, I provide a justificatory framework for the WR Guidelines that exclude transwomen from the women's game in WR competitions. Finally, I give an account of a maximally safe, maximally fair and maximally inclusive form of sex categorisation in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. TRANS PARTICIPATION AND THE BURDEN OF MARGINALIZED GROUPS.
- Author
-
KYAW, ARRMAN
- Subjects
- *
LGBTQ+ students , *SEXUAL assault , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *COLLEGE campuses ,TITLE IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 - Abstract
The article discusses the U.S. president, Joe Biden-Harris Administration's revised Title IX regulations, which provide new protections for LGBTQ+ students and victims of campus sexual assault. It highlights the exclusion of rules addressing transgender athletes and examines the reasons behind this decision. It explores the complexities and challenges surrounding transgender participation in sports.
- Published
- 2024
38. Fairness at the Forefront: Transgender Athlete Participation in the Olympics.
- Author
-
SWIDLER, BAYLEE
- Subjects
- *
FAIRNESS , *EQUALITY , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *OLYMPIC Games , *SPORTS & state - Abstract
In the article, the author discusses the legal issues regarding the participation of transgender athletes in Olympic Games, particularly on the areas of fairness, safety and inclusion. Other topics include the International Olympic Committee (IOC) transgender framework mandating sport federations to establish their own standards for said athletes, and the proposed enactment of a law with uniform regulation promoting inclusion and fairness for athletes.
- Published
- 2023
39. Musculoskeletal health considerations for the transgender athlete.
- Author
-
Birnbaum, Amy, Karamitopoulos, Mara, and Carter, Cordelia W.
- Abstract
In addition to the familiar sports-related injuries and conditions experienced by cisgender athletes, transgender athletes may also face unique challenges to maintaining their musculoskeletal health. Encouraging sports medicine professionals to become familiar with accepted nomenclature and terminology related to transgender athletes will enable open communication on the field, in the athletic training facility, and office. Understanding contemporary medical and surgical gender-affirming treatments and the unique ways in which the musculoskeletal system might be affected by each – such as impairments in bone health, changes in ligamentous function and the potential increased risk for deep venous thromboembolism – is essential for provision of optimal musculoskeletal care to transgender athletes. Knowledge of the existing participation policies for transgender athletes is also key for enabling sports medicine professionals to effectively counsel athletes about the need for specialized protective equipment. Additionally, this knowledge is important for appropriately managing therapeutic use exemptions in the competitive sports setting. This article provides an overview of the current accepted nomenclature, common gender-affirming medical and surgical treatments, unique musculoskeletal health considerations, and participation policies for transgender athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Competing as the First Out Transgender Female Olympian: A Twitter Network Analysis of Laurel Hubbard During the 2020 Tokyo Games.
- Author
-
Xu, Qingru
- Abstract
This study examines the Twitter network discussing the inclusion of Laurel Hubbard, the first out trans woman Olympian, during the 2020 Tokyo Games. By analyzing the Twitter reactions, top opinion leaders, and the modularity of the network, this study uncovers that (a) the majority of the top 10 most-liked tweets and the top influential social actors hold a negative attitude toward Laurel Hubbard's participation in the women's category; (b) compared to traditional news agencies, social media influencers and newly launched digital media agencies play a more important role in facilitating the flow of information in this network; and (c) the observed Twitter network is highly clustered, indicating that individuals tend to interact with people more frequently within their segregated subgroup, whereas information diffusion across clusters is more restricted. This research contributes to the understanding of how Twitter users perceive the inclusion of trans athletes at international sporting events by empirically exploring the Twitter network of Laurel Hubbard, the first out trans female athlete in Olympic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Seeping Surveillance of Sex in Sports.
- Author
-
Moyer, Valerie
- Subjects
- *
SPORTS participation , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANS women , *SPORTS - Abstract
The US faces a legislative wave of state-level restrictions on transgender athlete participation, while at the elite level of sport there are ongoing exclusions of trans women and women with sex variations, with confusing, inconsistent policies from national sports governing bodies on just what constitutes "female eligibility." In the midst of debates about "fairness" and advocacy for great inclusion, an attention to the surveillance systems at work in sports can shift the terms of debate away from the imperative of a level playing field and toward a discussion of bodily autonomy, privacy, and self-determination for athletes. In doing so, I take a critical surveillance studies lens to illuminate connections between surveillance in sports and other societal institutions. In offering a broad view of the surveillance of sex in sports, I utilize Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon's concept of liquid surveillance to describe the ways that surveillance mechanisms, logics, and rhetoric seeps through, and out of, sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Mining Online Discourse Related to Transgender Exclusive Policies in Interscholastic Sport: an Exploratory Natural Language Processing Study.
- Author
-
Pickett, Andrew C. and Valdez, Danny
- Subjects
NATURAL language processing ,TRANSGENDER people & sports ,SPORTS participation ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,MACHINE learning ,TRANSPHOBIA ,TRANSGENDER people - Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, many US states have introduced legislation to restrict the access of transgender people to the interscholastic sport. Methods: We compiled a corpus of Twitter posts (n = 17,182) between October 2021 and March 2022 related to trans-exclusionary policies in sport. We performed a cluster analysis on these tweets to explore salient topics in the data. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify automated bots in each topic as well as to measure sentiment in each tweet. Results: Four major clusters of tweets were present in the corpus. Two were primarily driven by human-authored and focused on fairness, both supportive and exclusive of trans athletes. The others were largely driven by bot accounts and included news sharing and vitriolic media sharing. Much of the conversation was driven by automated bot accounts. Conclusions: Primary arguments surrounding trans athletes focus on fairness. However, at least on Twitter, the issue has been given outsized salience through the use of automated bot accounts. This increased issue of salience has influenced a spate of exclusionary legislation, despite the known benefits of participating in sports and physical activity. Policy Implications: Social media has the potential to influence policy-making and legislators but is increasingly polarized. With respect to trans sport, much of the conversation was driven by bot accounts, which do not reflect the true opinions of individual users. Policymakers should be cautious in the use of social media as a tool for generalizing public opinion on contentious issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Erratum. Reconstructing, Challenging, and Negotiating Sex/Gender in Sport: U.S. Public Opinion About Transgender Athletes' Rights, Rights for Athletes With Varied Sex Characteristics, Sex Testing, and Gender Segregation.
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENDER athletes , *DIAGNOSTIC sex determination , *SEXUAL dimorphism , *GENDER , *TRANSPHOBIA , *PUBLIC opinion , *ATHLETES - Abstract
A correction notice has been issued for an article titled "Reconstructing, Challenging, and Negotiating Sex/Gender in Sport: U.S. Public Opinion About Transgender Athletes' Rights, Rights for Athletes With Varied Sex Characteristics, Sex Testing, and Gender Segregation" published in the Sociology of Sport Journal. The error in the article involved the incorrect reporting of the weighted descriptive results for U.S. adults' support for transgender athletes' rights. The correct estimates indicate that 55% of U.S. adults appear to somewhat or strongly agree, while 34% seem to somewhat or strongly disagree, with 11% indicating they don't know. The correction was made on September 22, 2023. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. WOMEN, SPORT AND THE LAW IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY.
- Author
-
DAVIES, CHRIS
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN'S sports , *CRICKET (Sport) , *WOMEN'S basketball , *WOMEN'S soccer , *LEGAL status of women athletes , *LEGAL status of pregnant women , *TRANSGENDER athletes - Abstract
A feature of sport in Australia has been the rise of women’s sport, particularly in regard to leagues in team sports, namely netball, cricket, basketball and Australian football. Rugby union’s appearance at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games in its sevens format included women while the success of soccer’s 2023 Women’s World Cup highlights the rise of women in that sport. A legal issue with the Australian Football League Women’s League (‘AFLW’) is the use of a draft system to spread the available playing talent, and it is the author’s view that a draft system, while a restraint on a player’s freedom of employment is a reasonable, and therefore a legal, one. While issues of labour market controls are not restricted to women’s sport, issues of the participation of pregnant women and intersex/transgender athletes are unique to women’s sport. The present legal position is that it is discriminatory to exclude pregnant women from participation in sport, and while the issue of intersex/transgender athletes from women’s sport remains a complex one, regulations limiting their participation have been upheld by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). While World Aquatics has implemented a policy to effectively prohibit intersex/transgender swimmers from competing in elite women’s events, it is presently looking at how an open division can be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
45. The Participation of Trans Women in Competitive Fencing and Implications on Fairness: A Physiological Perspective Narrative Review.
- Author
-
Tidmas, Victoria, Halsted, Clare, Cohen, Mary, and Bottoms, Lindsay
- Subjects
TRANS women ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,LEAN body mass ,MUSCLE mass ,WOMEN athletes ,LEG ,SARCOPENIA - Abstract
Debate has surrounded whether the participation of trans women in female sporting categories is fair, specifically the retained male physiological advantage due to increased testosterone compared to cisgender females. Recently, individual sporting organisations have been investigating and assessing policies regarding trans women athlete participation in female categories, resulting in several banning participation. This review aims to discuss the scientific evidence and provide appropriate guidance for the inclusion of trans women in elite competitive female fencing categories. Fencing is an intermittent sport, where competitions can span 1 to 3 days. The lunge is the most common movement used to attack opponents, where a successful hit relies on the speed of the action. Male puberty induced increased circulating testosterone promotes a greater stature, cardiovascular function, muscle mass, and strength compared to cisgender females, culminating in a ~12–40% sport performance advantage. Elite cisgender male fencers perform significantly higher, ~17–30%, jump heights and leg power measures compared to elite cisgender female fencers, resulting in faster lunges. Trans women receiving androgen-suppression therapy for 12 months showed significant reductions in strength, lean body mass, and muscle surface area, but even after 36 months, the measurements of these three indices remained above those for cisgender females. Previous male muscle mass and strength can be retained through continuation of resistance training. The literature reviewed shows that there is a retained physiological advantage for trans women who have undergone male puberty when participating in the elite competitive female fencing category. A proposed solution of an open or third gender category for elite fencing competition promotes fair competition, while allowing trans women to compete in their chosen sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Social Inclusion of Transgender People in Intercollegiate Sports—A Scoping Review.
- Author
-
Mendes, Liliana, Morgado, Elsa Gabriel, and Leonido, Levi
- Subjects
- *
SPORTS participation , *TRANSGENDER people & sports , *SOCIAL integration , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *TRANSGENDER people , *GENDER inequality , *COLLEGE sports - Abstract
Transgender individuals face discrimination and exclusion in various areas of society, including sports. Notably, intercollegiate athletics suffer criticism for their lack of inclusivity towards transgender athletes. Despite the increasing visibility of transgender individuals and ongoing efforts towards greater inclusivity, there is a significant lack of research on their social integration within college sports. This scoping review aimed to explore the then-current state of research on the social integration of transgender individuals in intercollegiate athletics, identify gaps in the literature, and suggest areas for further investigation. The study examined articles published between 2013 and 2023, using databases such as PubMed, ERIC, and EBSCO Essentials, as well as relevant citations from selected articles. The inclusion criteria for articles were their focus on the social integration of transgender individuals in sports events, publication in English, and relevance to the research question. A standardized technique based on the PRISMA flow diagram 2020 was used to locate, assess, and extract information from eligible research. The results of the study are expected to inform policy and strategy in transgender participation in college sports and promote greater inclusivity for transgender individuals in sports institutions and groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. "If you let me play": girls' empowerment and transgender exclusion in sports.
- Author
-
McClearen, Jennifer
- Subjects
- *
BLACK children , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *SPORTS participation , *TRANSGENDER people , *WHITE women , *POLITICAL debates - Abstract
This article examines discourses of (cisgender) girls' empowerment in American sports and the concurrent legislative debates in U.S. politics to exclude trans girls from gender affirming teams. I deploy discourse analysis of Nike advertising featuring sportswomen and girl athletes and the political debates in state governments about transgender inclusion in sports. One discourse relies on affective circulation of hope and positivity generated from the image of the cis white girl while the other draws upon fear and hyperbole to disenfranchise trans athletes. These transmisogynistic legal measures exclude trans girls under the auspice of protecting cis white girl athletes from "biological men" who may hurt them or steal their confidence and opportunities. I argue that there is a strategic connection, or discursive formation, made between cis girls' empowerment and trans exclusion that is fueled by patriarchal notions of protecting cis girls. This formation works primarily by infantilizing cis white women and adultifying trans girls and cis Black girls. As a result, feel-good representations of cis white girls serve as justification for the persistent subjugation of all women and girls by deflecting the cause of gender inequality away from the cis-white supremacist-patriarchy and onto trans girls—especially those who are Black. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Inclusive sports in Philippine higher education: Determining attitudes towards transgender students' participation.
- Author
-
Aguilar, Mark Gabriel Wagan
- Subjects
SPORTS participation ,TRANSGENDER people & sports ,TRANSGENDER students ,TRANSGENDER athletes ,STUDENT participation ,TRANS men - Abstract
With the increasing global awareness and recognition of transgender rights and inclusion in various fields, including sports, it is crucial to examine what sports stakeholders think about the participation of transgender people in sports competitions, especially in the Philippines where there is a lack of studies on the topic. This motivated the researcher to conduct this study. Guided by a descriptive research design and using a quantitative-qualitative research approach, this study aims to determine the attitudes towards the participation of transgender athletes in sports, starting with randomly selected athletes from Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Data were collected through a survey and structured interviews, with questions validated by experts. Findings indicate that the future of sports in Philippine colleges is likely to be inclusive, with student-athletes having positive attitudes towards the idea of allowing trans women and trans men to compete in women's and men's sports categories, respectively, and towards the creation of separate sports categories for trans individuals only. This study can help higher education institutions develop more inclusive and respectful athletic practices that promote diversity and equal opportunity for all students who wish to participate on athletic teams and represent their colleges or universities, regardless of gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Examining the Ethics and Impacts of Laws Restricting Transgender Youth‐Athlete Participation.
- Author
-
Moyer, Valerie, Zink, Amanda, and Parent, Brendan
- Subjects
- *
SPORTS participation , *LEGAL status of transgender people , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *ATHLETES , *SPORTS events , *ATHLETIC ability , *CHILDREN , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
As of this writing, twenty‐one states have passed laws barring transgender youth‐athletes from competing on public‐school sports teams in accordance with their gender identity. Proponents of these regulations claim that transgender females in particular have inherent physiological advantages that threaten a "level playing field" for their cisgender competitors. Existing evidence is limited but does not support these restrictions. Gathering more robust data will require allowing transgender youth to compete (rather than preemptively barring them), but even if trans females are shown to retain some advantage, this would not have greater moral significance than the many other "fair" physical and economic advantages found across sports. These regulations deprive transgender youth, an exceptionally vulnerable population, from the vast physical, mental, and social benefits of sports. While we advocate for transgender inclusion under our current, gender‐segregated model of sport, we propose changes to the overarching structure that would promote a more inclusive and fairer athletic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. (Anti-)feminism and cisgenderism in sports media.
- Author
-
Knott-Fayle, Gabriel, Peel, Elizabeth, and Witcomb, Gemma L.
- Subjects
- *
LGBTQ+ activists , *TRANSGENDER athletes , *FEMINISM , *SPORTS , *SPORTS participation , *SELF-censorship - Abstract
In this article we explore how anti-feminist and cisgenderist media logics are intertwined, particularly in the context of sports media. We examine these issues through focused analysis of a recent case reported in 2018–2019 predominantly in the British media. The sequential unfolding of media events surrounding Martina Navratilova's intervention into the debate about trans inclusion in the female sporting category is explored with regard to key markers in the case study: @Martina intervenes; Self-censorship and loss of control; Legitimisation by status; Legitimisation by history; and Privileging and disciplining women in the media. As a prominent feminist and lesbian activist who asserted cisgenderist arguments on this topic, the events of the Navratilova case study show how feminist voices are complexly fragmented. Moreover, we demonstrate too how feminist perspectives are controlled by a media system that uses them in the substantiation of cisgenderist projects of discrediting trans athletes and actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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