Search

Developing host resistance is an economic and long-term approach to disease management; however, resistance reactions that differ depending on the genotypes. Potato late blight is the devastating disease caused due to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. In order to identify late blight resistance in potato genotypes, seven local potato cultivars (Bardiya Rato Local, Bardiya Seto Local, Cardinal, Deukhuri Rato Local, Deukhuri Seto Local, Kailali Local and Khumal Ujjowal) were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during October 2018 to January 2019 on naturally infested soils in Deukhuri, Dang, Nepal. Results showed that significantly the highest disease incidence (99.17%), and the highest disease severity (88%) were found on Cardinal followed by Deukhuri Rato Local (64%), and Deukhuri Seto Local (60%). Potato cultivar namely Khumal Ujjowal was moderately resistant, whereas Deukhuri Rato local and Deukhuri Seto Local were susceptible to late blight disease. Significantly the highest yield (12.67 t ha -1 ) was produced by Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local (10.78 t ha -1 ) and Bardiya Seto Local (9.40 t ha -1 ). The disease incidence and Area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) value was negatively co-related with the tuber yield. The potato cultivar Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local were found moderately resistant to late blight disease in Deukhuri conditions. This study suggests that potato cultivar Bardiya Rato Local can be grown for higher tuber production in Dang and similar topographic regions. DOI: 10.37637/ab.v3i1.464

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Background and Objective: It can be challenging to delineate the target object in anatomical imaging when the object boundaries are difficult to discern due to the low contrast or overlapping intensity distributions from adjacent tissues. Methods: We propose a topo-graph model to address this issue. The first step is to extract a topographic representation that reflects multiple levels of topographic information in an input image. We then define two types of node connections - nesting branches (NBs) and geodesic edges (GEs). NBs connect nodes corresponding to initial topographic regions and GEs link the nodes at a detailed level. The weights for NBs are defined to measure the similarity of regional appearance, and weights for GEs are defined with geodesic and local constraints. NBs contribute to the separation of topographic regions and the GEs assist the delineation of uncertain boundaries. Final segmentation is achieved by calculating the relevance of the unlabeled nodes to the labels by the optimization of a graph-based energy function. We test our model on 47 low contrast CT studies of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 10 contrast-enhanced CT liver cases and 50 breast and abdominal ultrasound images. The validation criteria are the Dice's similarity coefficient and the Hausdorff distance. Results: Student's t-test show that our model outperformed the graph models with pixel-only, pixel and regional, neighboring and radial connections (p-values

Introduction. The pathogenesis of Perthes disease is not fully understood and requires a greater understanding of the physical development, external and internal markers of connective tissue dysplasia. Objective. To analyze the deviations in physical development and connective tissue dysplasia in children with Perthes disease to determine its phenotypes. Materials and methods. We examined 52 patients and 36 children (control group) aged of 4–17 years. We estimated and compared their physical and proportional growth by using centile charts and Vervec’s index and defined external and internal manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia in major organs, systems, and topographic regions. Complete genealogical histories were taken by with examining the genealogies of 52 probands, including clinical examination of 136 first and second degree relatives. Results. Deviations in physical growth were observed in 33 patients (63.5%). The body height of 27 (51.9%) patients aged 4–17 years ranged from 1–2 lines (3–10%) and was significantly lower than that of the control group within 5 lines (p < 0.5). Six (11.6%) children had body lengths higher than the average 7th line (75–90%). Vervec’s index in 34 (65.4%) children ranged from 1.25–0.85 and represented mesomorphy, moderate brachy, or dolichomorphia. The primary pathology of external organs and systems was skeletal anomalies in 36 (69.2%) children, followed by dermal in 23 (44.2%) and organs of vision in 9 (17.3%). Among visceral disorders, the primary pathology was cardiovascular diseases in 17 (32,7%) children followed by surgical and urological pathologies in 7 (13.5%) and digestive system disorders in 5 (9.6%). Disease inheritance was sporadical in 48 (92.3%) children. Conclusion. The Perthes disease phenotype was related to the undifferentiated form of collagenopathies.

Climatic changes in the recent decades have led to large variations in precipitation over the different geographical regions of the globe. Changes in precipitation pattern over the space and time can severely affect the country like India, which has a large spatio-temporal variability in the precipitation. Any shift in the mean precipitation pattern pose a challenge to economy, agricultural farming and the ecosystem of these regions. In the present study, we analyze the seasonal spatio-temporal variation in trends of long term (1901–2013) observed high resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded daily precipitation data of the Indian Meteorological Department over Western Ghats and coastal region of Karnataka, vulnerable to the risks of climate change. Our analysis shows increasing trend in seasonal ratio of precipitation over the Southern coastal plains and the adjacent Western Ghats region during pre-monsoon (MAM) while the southern coastal plains show decreasing trend in monsoon period (JJAS). Daily intensity index of precipitation during monsoon shows increasing trend in northern plains with decreasing trend in the medium precipitation events. Our study finds that different topographic regions of Karnataka have different responses in the trends of precipitation, particularly the response of plains is quite different to that of the higher elevated Ghat region.

Hazardous and toxic waste are not only produced by industry, but also by household. But in fact, the household activities also produce Household Toxic and Hazardous Waste (HTHW). Considering the potential of the impact of HTHW to the reduction of environment quality, the effort of HTHW management must have been started well. One important aspect in the management strategy is to determine the characteristics and the HTHW generation. The method used to determine the characteristics HTHW refers to SNI 19-2454-2002, while the calculation HTHW generation refers to the SNI 19-3694-1994 calculated based on weight and volume. Sampling was conducted in four districts of Semarang (Pedurungan, Semarang Barat, Semarang Utara and Banyumanik). The samples used in this study were 400 families were calculated based on the proportion of Slovin Formula. Data analysis performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Walis test (α = 0.05). The largest characteristic of HTHW in Semarang City is infectious (79%), further Poisonous (13%), Combustible (6%) and Corrosive (2%). While HTHW generation is 0.01 kg/person/day (5.1% MSW). Statistical test result showed there was significant difference (p-value : 0.001) between HTHW generation based on economic level, but there was no significant difference (p-value :0.442) between HTHW characteristics in Semarang city. Level of education, occupation, income level and lifestyle may become potential factor in difference characteristics and HTHW generation in Semarang city.

The availability of lake bathymetry maps is imperative for estimating lake water volumes and their variability, which is a sensitive indicator of climate. It is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain bathymetric measurements from all of the thousands of lakes across the globe due to costly labor and/or harsh topographic regions. In this study, we develop a new digital lake bathymetry model (DLBM) using the step-wise water recession method (WRM) to generate 3-dimensional lake bathymetric maps based on the digital elevation model (DEM) alone, with two assumptions: (1) typically, the lake&rsquo, s bathymetry is formed and shaped by geological processes similar to those that shaped the surrounding landmasses, and (2) the agent rate of water (the thickness of the sedimentary deposit proportional to the lake water depth) is uniform. Lake Ontario and Lake Namco are used as examples to demonstrate the development, calibration, and refinement of the model. Compared to some other methods, the estimated 3D bathymetric maps using the proposed DLBM could overcome the discontinuity problem to adopt the complex topography of lake boundaries. This study provides a mathematically robust yet cost-effective approach for estimating lake volumes and their changes in regions lacking field measurements of bathymetry, for example, the remote Tibetan Plateau, which contains thousands of lakes.

Evaluation of synchronization between myoelectric signals can give new insights into the functioning of the complex system of porcine myometrium. We propose a model of uterine contractions according to the hypothesis of action potentials similarity which is possible to detect during propagation in the uterine wall. We introduce similarity measures based on the concept of synchronization as used in matching linear signals such as electromyographic (EMG) time series data. The aim was to present linear measures to assess synchronization between contractions in different topographic regions of the uterus. We use the cross-correlation function (ƒx,y[l], ƒy,z[l]) and the cross-coherence function (Cxy[ƒ], Cyz[ƒ]) to assess synchronization between three data series of a diestral uterine EMG bundles in porcine reproductive tract. Spontaneous uterine activity was recorded using telemetry method directly by three-channel transmitter and three silver bipolar needle electrodes sutured on different topographic regions of the reproductive tract in the sow. The results show the usefulness of the cross-coherence function in that synchronization between uterine horn and corpus uteri for multiple action potentials (bundles) could be observed. The EMG bundles synchronization may be used to investigate the direction and velocity of EMG signals propagation in porcine reproductive tract.