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Context: An acidic hydrogen potential (pH) in an inflammatory condition in the periapical tissues may affect the properties of repair bioceramic cement. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH on the volumetric change of the ready-to-use bioceramic NeoPUTTY (NP) compared to the powder/liquid MTA Repair HP (MTAHP) after immersion in butyric acid (BA, pH 4.1) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.35). Subjects and Methods: Dentin tubes filled with NP or MTAHP were scanned in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) after 24 h. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of BA: NP/BA, MTAHP/BA or PBS: NP/PBS, MTAHP/PBS. After 7 days, new micro-CT scans were performed. The percentage of volumetric change (extremities and internal part) of the materials was assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA/Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed (α =0.05). Results: All materials showed a volumetric decrease after immersion in BA or PBS at the extremities in contact with the solutions. MTAHP/BA showed the highest volumetric loss. There was no difference in the volumetric change when the internal part of the materials was evaluated. Conclusions: An acid pH negatively affects the volumetric stability of MTAHP. Low values of volumetric change were demonstrated for NP in both immersion environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the solubility and the volumetric and morphological alterations of bioceramic filling material (Bio‐CP) for primary teeth. Materials and Methods. Bio‐CP, Calen thickened with zinc oxide (Calen‐ZO), and with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) were placed in 1‐ or 2‐mm‐diameter polyethylene tubes and immersed in water or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) for 30 days. The solubility (mass loss) was assessed using methodology modified from ISO 6876. Filling capacity, volumetric changes, and presence of voids were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). The surface distribution of the chemical elements and the crystalline phases was evaluated by energy scattering X‐ray scanning electron microscopy (SEM‐EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to detect hydroxyapatite precipitate and components. The Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn's or two‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used (α = 0.05). Results. The solubility was ZOE > Calen‐ZO = Bio‐CP. Calen‐ZO and Bio‐CP were more soluble in water than in PBS. All the materials showed greater solubility in 2‐mm tube diameter in both PBS and distilled water, except for Bio‐CP in distilled water, which showed no difference between both tube diameters (1 and 2 mm). Only Calen‐ZO and ZOE were analyzed by micro‐CT, because Bio‐CP separated into two phases during scanning. Calen‐ZO had greater volumetric loss and presence of voids than ZOE in water, but there was no difference in PBS. The hydroxyapatite precipitate on the surface of Bio‐CP and Calen‐ZO was detected after immersion in PBS. Conclusion. Although Bio‐CP had acceptable solubility and filling capacity, its composition did not allow a proper volumetric and void assessment. From a clinical perspective, Bio‐CP has the potential to become a suitable material for root canal filling in primary teeth. Nonetheless, its composition must first be revised to achieve better chemical stability prior to its recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiopacifier calcium tungstate and manipulation with distilled water (DW) or liquid with additives (LA) on calcium silicate clinker Angelus (CL) properties, compared with MTA (Angelus, Brazil) and MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus, Brazil). The physicochemical properties, cellular viability and bioactivity were evaluated. ANOVA/Tukey and Bonferroni tests were performed (α = 0.05). There was no difference in material setting time (p > 0.05). MTA and MTAHP were similar (p > 0.05) and had greater radiopacity than CL + DW and CL + LA (p < 0.05). All experimental materials showed mass increase, alkalinisation capacity, besides biocompatibility and bioactivity at 3 and 7 days. The different liquids had no influence in the biological properties and bioactivity of the calcium silicate clinker Angelus. Calcium tungstate provided radiopacity, without changing the setting time, maintaining the mass increase and alkalinisation ability of the calcium silicate materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acidic pH can modify the properties of repair cements. In this study, volumetric change and solubility of the ready-to-use bioceramic repair cement Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were evaluated after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.0) or butyric acid (pH 4.5). Solubility was determined by the difference in initial and final mass using polyethylene tubes measuring 4 mm high and 6.70 mm in internal diameter that were filled with BCR and immersed in 7.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid for 7 days. The volumetric change was established by using bovine dentin tubes measuring 4 mm long with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. The dentin tubes were filled with BCR at 37°C for 24 hours. Scanning was performed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid at and 37 °C for 7 days. After this period, a new micro-CT scan was performed. Bio-C Repair showed greater mass loss after immersion in butyric acid when compared with immersion in PBS (p<0.05). Bio-C Repair showed volumetric loss after immersion in butyric acid and increase in volume after immersion in PBS (p<0.05). The acidic pH influenced the solubility and dimensional stability of the Bio-C Repair bioceramic cement, promoting a higher percentage of solubility and decrease in volumetric values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both root canal sealer-based and supplementary protocols may influence removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment. Mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars were prepared using HyFlex EDM 25/.08, and filled with a calcium silicate sealer (Bio-C Sealer), or an epoxy resin (AH Plus), using the single cone technique (n = 12). Retreatment was performed using ProDesign Logic (PDL) RT and PDL 35/.05. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 12), and the sealers were distributed similarly. A supplementary protocol was performed with PDL 50/.01 or XP-endo Finisher. Root canal transportation and volume, in addition to the remaining filling material percentage were evaluated using high-resolution (5 µm voxel size) micro-CT. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests (a = 0 .05). Root canals filled with AH Plus presented high residual filling material (p < 0.05). Both protocols decreased residual volume of filling material in the apical third (p < 0.05). PDL 50/.01 increased the apical root canal volume (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the systems regarding canal transportation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus is more difficult to remove from the apical third than Bio-C Sealer. PDL 50/.01 and XP-endo Finisher enabled greater removal of filling materials in the apical third, in the retreatment of curved root canals, without promoting apical transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to provide preclinical evidence of the antimicrobial efficacy of natural endodontic solutions (NES) compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and had a registered protocol (PROSPERO - CRD42021224022). The inclusion criteria comprised ex vivo studies simulating root canal irrigation to assess the standardized mean difference of colony-forming units (CFUs). Records were systematically identified in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, DANS Easy, and BDTD databases in January 2024. The RoBDEMAT tool helped determine the risk of bias. As for the network meta-analysis, CFU data were collected pre- and post-irrigation protocols as an effect measure. Thirty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, and seven studies were eligible for the network meta-analysis. The total sample consisted of 1,504 root canals. Among the tested solutions, apple cider vinegar combined with 2.5% NaOCl showed the highest probability of reducing CFUs after root canal irrigation (95%CI: -0.76-0.20), followed by 2% CHX and NaOCl (considering the different concentrations [95%CI: -0.32-0.17]). The bias assessment revealed significant omissions in reporting, particularly regarding sample size calculation, sample randomization, and operator blinding. The obtained evidence demonstrated that, even though NES did not overcome NaOCl, they have antimicrobial potential against Enterococcus faecalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate whether the bioceramic materials Bio‐C Pulpo (Bio‐C, Angelus) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP (MTA‐HP, Angelus) induce fibroblast proliferation and release of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, stimulating connective tissue remodelling. The tissue response of Bio‐C and MTA‐HP was compared with the White MTA (WMTA; Angelus) since studies have demonstrated that WMTA induces tissue repair. Methodology: Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA were inserted into polyethylene tubes and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Holtzman rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. As a control group (CG), empty tubes were implanted subcutaneously. The number of fibroblasts (FB), Ki‐67‐, fibroblast growth factor‐1‐ (FGF‐1) and IL‐10‐immunolabelled cells and collagen content in the capsules was obtained. The data were subjected to two‐way anova followed by Tukey's test (p ≤.05). Results: At 7 days, significant differences in the number of FB were not detected amongst Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA groups (p ˃.05). The capsules of all groups exhibited a significant increase in the number of FB and content of collagen over time. From 7 to 60 days, a significant reduction in the number of FGF‐1‐ and Ki‐67‐immunolabelled cells was seen in the capsules of all specimens. In all periods, no significant difference in the number of FGF‐1‐immunolabelled cells was detected between Bio‐C and CG specimens. At 60 days, significant differences in the immunoexpression of FGF‐1 were not observed amongst the groups. At 7 and 15 days, the highest immunoexpression for Ki‐67 was present in Bio‐C specimens whilst, after 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed amongst the bioceramic materials. At 7 days, few IL‐10 immunolabelled cells were present in the capsules of all specimens whereas, at 60 days, a significant increase in the IL‐10‐immunostaining was present in all groups. At 60 days, the Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA groups showed a greater number of IL‐10‐immunolabelled cells than in the CG specimens (p <.0001). Conclusions: Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA stimulate fibroblast proliferation, leading to the formation of collagen‐rich capsules. FGF‐1 and IL‐10 may mediate the remodelling of capsules around Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA bioceramic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the tissue reaction of a tricalcium silicate‐based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO4) in comparison to Bio‐C Repair (Bio‐C; Angelus) and to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus). Methodology: Polyethylene tubes filled with one of the materials or left empty (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days (n = 32/group). The capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells, collagen content, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa reaction and analysis under polarized light were evaluated. The data were subjected to generalized linear models for repeated measures, except the OCN. OCN data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test and Friedman followed by Nemenyi's test at significance level of 5%. Results: At all time points, significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells were not observed between TCS + CaWO4 and Bio‐C, whereas, at 15, 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was detected between TCS + CaWO4 and MTA HP. At all periods, significant differences were not detected in the number of fibroblasts in TCS + CaWO4 versus MTA HP, and, at 60 days, no significant difference was demonstrated between these groups and CG. Significant differences in the immunoexpression of IL‐6 were not detected amongst bioceramic materials at all periods. From 7 to 60 days, significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells, number of IL‐6‐immunopositive cells and in the capsule thickness was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen in all groups. OCN‐immunolabelled cells, von Kossa‐positive structures and amorphous calcite deposits were observed around all materials, whereas, in the CG, these structures were not seen. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the experimental material (TCS + CaWO4) is biocompatible and has a bioactive potential, similar to the MTA HP and Bio‐C Repair, and suggest its use as a root repair material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)