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1. Calibrating estimates of ionospheric long-term change

Author

C. J. Scott, M. N. Wild, L. A. Barnard, B. Yu, T. Yokoyama, M. Lockwood, C. Mitchel, J. Coxon, and A. Kavanagh

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Long-term reduction (∼20 km) in the height of the ionospheric F2 layer, hmF2, is predicted to result from increased levels of tropospheric greenhouse gases. Sufficiently long sequences of ionospheric data exist in order for us to investigate this long-term change, recorded by a global network of ionosondes. However, direct measurements of ionospheric-layer height with these instruments is not possible. As a result, most estimates of hmF2 rely on empirical formulae based on parameters routinely scaled from ionograms. Estimates of trends in hmF2 using these formulae show no global consensus. We present an analysis in which data from the Japanese ionosonde station at Kokubunji were used to estimate monthly median values of hmF2 using an empirical formula. These were then compared with direct measurements of the F2 layer height determined from incoherent-scatter measurements made at the Shigaraki MU Observatory, Japan. Our results reveal that the formula introduces diurnal, seasonal, and long-term biases in the estimates of hmF2 of ≈±10% (±25 km at an altitude of 250 km). These are of similar magnitude to layer height changes anticipated as a result of climate change. The biases in the formula can be explained by changes in thermospheric composition that simultaneously reduce the peak density of the F2 layer and modulate the underlying F1 layer ionization. The presence of an F1 layer is not accounted for in the empirical formula. We demonstrate that, for Kokobunji, the ratios of F2 / E and F2 / F1 critical frequencies are strongly controlled by changes in geomagnetic activity represented by the am index. Changes in thermospheric composition in response to geomagnetic activity have previously been shown to be highly localized. We conclude that localized changes in thermospheric composition modulate the F2 / E and F2 / F1 peak ratios, leading to differences in hmF2 trends. We further conclude that the influence of thermospheric composition on the underlying ionosphere needs to be accounted for in these empirical formulae if they are to be applied to studies of long-term ionospheric change.

Published
2024
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2. Characteristics of disruptions observed in the initial operation phase of JT-60SA

Author

T. Yokoyama, S. Inoue, S. Kojima, T. Wakatsuki, H. Urano, R. Sano, Y. Ohtani, S. Sumida, T. Nakano, M. Takechi, T. Szepesi, M. Yoshida, and the JT-60SA Integrated Project Team

Subjects
JT-60SA, disruptions, MHD instabilities, tearing modes, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Disruption database in the JT-60SA first plasma operation period has been constructed. The disruptions have been divided into three categories based on their characteristics, and the characteristics of each category have been discussed. The most commonly observed disruptions were vertical displacement events (VDEs). As expected by simulations using the MHD equilibrium control simulator (MECS), a highly elongated plasma was likely to disrupt by VDE when the gap between the plasma surface and the wall is large. Despite the quite high edge safety factor $q_\mathrm{95}$ of above 10 in the initial operation, some discharge disrupted because of control failure caused by the n = 1 tearing mode. One possible cause of the n = 1 tearing mode is the edge cooling in high density. The last category is the radiative disruptions, which is characterized by slow current decay with multiple spikes in soft x-ray signals. These spikes are thought to be related to the MHD activity that occurred when the cooling front crossed the rational surface. The radiative disruptions are attributed to a sudden change in edge power balance.

Published
2024
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3. Recent progress of JT-60SA project toward plasma operation

Author

H. Shirai, K. Takahashi, E. Di Pietro, D. Abate, W. Abdel Maksoud, H. Abe, N. Aiba, T. Abe, M. Akimitsu, J. Ayllon-Guerola, T. Arai, J.-F. Artaud, N. Asakura, N. Ashikawa, L. Balbinot, P. Barabaschi, O. Baulaigue, E. Belonohy, A. Belpane, W. Bin, F. Bombarda, T. Bolzonella, F. Bonne, M. Bonotto, J. Botija, J. Buermans, S. Cabrera-Pérez, A. Cardella, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, J. Cavalier, M. Cavinato, M. Chernyshova, S. Chiba, S. Clement-Lorenzo, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, I. Coffey, B. Collin, V. Corato, A. Cucchiaro, T. Czarski, M. Dairaku, S. Davis, C. Day, E. Dela Luna, G. De Tommasi, P. Decool, L. Di Pace, M. Dibon, G. Disset, F. D’Lsa, A. Ejiri, Y. Endo, N. Ezumi, G. Falchetto, A. Fassina, P. Fejoz, A. Ferro, W. Fietz, L. Figini, T. Fornal, G. Frello, T. Fujita, T. Fukuda, K. Fukui, M. Fukumoto, H. Funaba, M. Furukawa, S. Futatani, L. Gabellieri, E. Gaio, K. Galazka, J. Garcia, J. Garcia-Dominguez, J. Garcia-Lopez, M. Garcia-Munoz, L. Garzotti, F. Gasparini, S. Gharafi, L. Giacomelli, G. Ginoulhiac, G. Giruzzi, L. Giudicotti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, R. Guillén-González, N. Hajnal, S. Hall, K. Hamada, K. Hanada, M. Hanada, K. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, V. Hauer, N. Hayashi, T. Hayashi, R. Heller, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, S. Higashijima, J. Hinata, S. Hiranai, J. Hiratsuka, R. Hiwatari, C. Hoa, H. Homma, A. Honda, M. Honda, K. Hoshino, H. Hurzlmeier, M. Iafrati, K. Ibano, H. Ichige, M. Ichikawa, M. Ichimura, K. Ida, S. Ide, H. Idei, M. Iguchi, T. Iijima, S. Iio, R. Ikeda, Y. Ikeda, T. Imai, R. Imazawa, S. Inagaki, M. Inomoto, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, S. Ishida, Y. Ishii, M. Isobe, F. Janky, E. Joffrin, A. Jokinen, S. Kado, S. Kajita, K. Kajiwara, Y. Kamada, I. Kamata, A. Kaminaga, K. Kamiya, D. Kanapienyte, Y. Kashiwa, M. Kashiwagi, K. Katayama, Y. Kawamata, G. Kawamura, K. Kawano, Y. Kazakov, K. Kimura, F. Kin, M. Kisaki, S. Kitajima, K. Kiyono, K. Kizu, Y. Ko, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Kobayashi, Ta. Kobayashi, To. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, A. Kojima, S. Kokusen, M. Komata, K. Komuro, S. Konishi, A. Kovacsik, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubkowska, G. Kühner, M. Kuramochi, K. Kurihara, T. Kurki-Suonio, A.B. Kurniawan, T. Kuwata, B. Lacroix, V. Lamaison, A. Lampasi, P. Lang, P. Lauber, K. Lawson, Q. LeCoz, A. Louzguiti, R. Maekawa, T. Maekawa, S. Maeyama, G. Maffia, P. Maget, J. Mailloux, I. Maione, A. Maistrello, K. Malinowski, A. Mancini, G. Marchiori, J.-L. Marechal, V. Massaut, S. Masuzaki, R. Matoike, G. Matsunaga, S. Matsunaga, A. Matsuyama, Ch Mayri, M. Mattei, M. Medrano, A. Mele, I. Meyer, F. Michel, T. Minami, Y. Miyata, J. Miyazawa, Y. Miyo, T. Mizuuchi, K. Mogaki, J. Morales, P. Moreau, T. Morisaki, S. Morishima, S. Moriyama, A. Moro, H. Murakami, M. Murayama, S. Murakami, K. Nagasaki, O. Naito, N. Nakamura, S. Nakamura, T. Nakano, Y. Nakashima, V. Nardino, E. Narita, Y. Narushima, K. Natsume, S. Nemoto, R. Neu, S. Nicollet, M. Nishikawa, S. Nishimura, T. Nishitani, M. Nishiura, T. Nishiyama, M. Nocente, Y. Nobuta, L. Novello, F. Nunio, S. Ochoa, K. Ogawa, T. Ogawa, Y. Ogawa, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohmori, N. Ohno, Y. Ohtani, K. Ohtsu, M. Ohzeki, T. Oishi, J. Okano, K. Okano, Y. Onishi, M. Osakabe, T. Oshima, V. Ostuni, A. Owada, M. Oya, Y. Oya, T. Ozeki, M.M. Parody Guzmán, R. Pasqualotto, S. Pelli, E. Perelli, E. Peretti, G. Phillips, C. Piccinni, L. Pigatto, A. Pironti, A. Pizzuto, B. Plöckl, G. Polli, J.-M. Poncet, P. Ponsot, G. Pucella, M. Puiatti, D. Radloff, V. Raimondi, F. Ramos, P. Rancsik, D. Ricci, S. Ricciarini, N. Richermoz, E. Rincon, A. Romano, P. Rossi, P. Roussel, G. Rubino, H. Saeki, A. Sagara, S. Sakakibara, H. Sakamoto, Miki Sakamoto, Mizu Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, A. Sakasai, S. Sakata, R. Sakurai, B. Salanon, A. Salmi, G. Sannazzaro, R. Sano, A. Sanpei, T. Sasajima, S. Sasaki, H. Sasao, F. Sato, M. Sato, T. Sato, M. Sawahata, A. Scherber, S. Scully, J. Segado-Fernandez, M. Seki, N. Seki, S. Seki, Y. Shibama, Y. Shibata, T. Shikama, K. Shimada, M. Shimono, J. Shinde, T. Shinya, K. Shinohara, J. Shiraishi, S. Soare, A. Soleto, Y. Someya, S. Sonoda, C. Sozzi, E. Streciwilk-Kowalska, H. Strobel, M. Sueoka, A. Sukegawa, S. Sumida, H. Suzuki, Ma Suzuki, Mi Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, J. Svoboda, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, Y. Takase, M. Takechi, K. Takeda, Y. Takeiri, H. Takenaga, C. Taliercio, N. Tamura, Hiro Tanaka, Hito Tanaka, K. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, K. Tani, H. Tanigawa, M. Tardocchi, A. Terakado, M. Terakado, T. Terakado, B. Teuchner, B. Tilia, H. Tobari, H. Tobita, K. Tobita, K. Toi, N. Toida, H. Tojo, M. Tokitani, T. Tokuzawa, V. Tormarchio, M. Tomine, A. Torre, T. Totsuka, K. Tsuchiya, N. Tsujii, D. Tsuru, H. Tsutsui, M. Uchida, Y. Ueda, J. Uno, H. Urano, K. Usui, H. Utoh, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, R. Vallcorba-Carbonel, J.-C. Vallet, J. Varela, J. Vega, M. Verrecchia, L. Vieillard, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, K. Wada, R. Wada, T. Wakatsuki, M. Wanner, F. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, T. Wauters, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier, M. Yagi, J. Yagyu, M. Yajima, S. Yamamoto, H. Yamanaka, K. Yamauchi, Y. Yamauchi, H. Yamazaki, K. Yamazaki, R. Yamazaki, S. Yamoto, S. Yanagi, K. Yanagihara, S. Yokooka, M. Yokoyama, T. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, M. Yoshimura, N. Yoshizawa, K. Yuinawa, L. Zani, and P. Zito

Subjects
JT-60SA, superconducting tokamak, risk mitigation measures, integrated commissioning, maintenance and enhancement, international collaboration, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Superconducting (SC) tokamak JT-60SA plays an essential role in fusion research and development by supporting and complementing the ITER project, providing directions to the DEMO design activity and fostering next generation scientists and engineers. Since the short circuit incident at the terminal joints of equilibrium field coil #1 during the integrated commissioning (IC) in March 2021, both EU and JA implementing agencies (IAs) have examined how to ensure safe operation of JT-60SA by mitigating the risk of possible discharge occurrence inside the cryostat. Based on the experience of the global Paschen tests, the IAs have established a strategy of risk mitigation measures, which is a combination of (i) reinforcement of insulation, (ii) avoiding unnecessary voltage application to the coil systems and (iii) immediate de-energization of the coils when deteriorated vacuum conditions are detected. Thanks to the considerable efforts of the Integrated Project Team members, the IC restarted in May 2023. After confirmation of the SC state of the coil systems (TF, EF and CS), the coil energization test and the plasma operation phase 1 (OP-1) started. The first plasma was successfully achieved on 23 October 2023 with a limited value of voltage and current applied to the coils. The plasma configuration control was also confirmed with low plasma current and low auxiliary heating power conditions. Based on the IO–F4E–QST collaboration, activities of JT-60SA have been shared with the IO and provided an important lesson for ITER assembly and commissioning, and will provide an outstanding contribution to fusion research at large. After OP-1, maintenance & enhancement phase 1 (M/E-1) starts from January 2024, in which in-vessel components are installed, and heating and diagnostic systems are extensively upgraded to allow a high power heating experiment planned in OP-2. In order to make the best use of JT-60SA, a newly organized JT-60SA experiment team will refine the research plan for the future high heating power operation phase.

Published
2024
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4. Characterization of early current quench time during massive impurity injection in JT-60SA

Author

T. Yokoyama, A. Matsuyama, Y. Yamamoto, S. Miyamoto, Y. Shibata, S. Inoue, S. Kojima, S. Nakamura, T. Wakatsuki, and M. Yoshida

Subjects
JT-60SA, disruptions, massive gas injection, current quench, runaway electrons, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Characteristics of the early current quench (CQ) time in mitigated disruptions are studied for a full-current (5.5 MA) scenario in the JT-60SA superconducting tokamak. Self-consistent evolution of the plasma temperature and current density profiles during the early CQ phase before the plasma moves vertically is simulated using the axisymmetric disruption code INDEX for given impurity source profiles. It is shown that the hollow (flat) impurity density profiles peaks (flattens) the current density, and it causes a temporal change in the internal inductance in this phase. However the resultant CQ time is found to be insensitive to the impurity source profile for the same assimilated quantity. The simulation results are interpreted by the L/R model including the temporal change in the internal inductance as well as the effect of a gap between the plasma and the conducting vessel structures and stabilizing plates. This results will improve the accuracy to estimate the amount of impurity assimilated into plasma from the observed CQ rate in the massive gas injection (MGI) experiment planned in JT-60SA. The accessible range in which the CQ time can be scanned as well as the electron densities to suppress runaway electrons is also shown for different injected amounts of neon, argon, and their deuterium mixture under the limitation of the MGI gas amount. Mitigated disruptions in JT-60SA typically lead to the CQ time shorter than the vessel wall time, which is expected to produce relevant contributions to disruption mitigation in ITER and future reactors.

Published
2023
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5. A self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of non-communicable disease in Fiji

Author

M. Ishikawa, M. Nomura, M. Miyoshi, N. Nishi, T. Yokoyama, and H. Miura

Subjects
Healthcare staff, Competency, Non-communicable diseases, Social factors, Fiji, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 80% or more deaths in Pacific island countries, including Fiji, were related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although competency-based approaches have been effective for developing healthcare workers’ capabilities, there are only a few reports on competency scales of healthcare workers for NCD prevention. We aimed to develop a self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of NCDs in Fiji. Methods There were 378 Ministry of Health and Medical Services staff members working on NCD prevention and control in Fiji included in this study, which was a cross-sectional survey of social factors, working situation factors, and competency. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess potential competency components, whereas Cronbach’s α coefficient and analysis of variance were used to assess the validity and reliability of the scale items, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the respondents’ factor scores relative to social status and work situations. Results The factor analysis revealed 16 items that identified competency in four work types: 1) work management, 2) monitoring and evaluation, 3) community partnership, and 4) community diagnosis. The monitoring and evaluation roles were related to ethnic background, community partnership was related to religion, and community diagnosis was related to academic qualifications. Conclusions Based on the results, we developed a competency scale for the four work types. This scale can help healthcare workers engage in better management of residents with NCDs in Fiji.

Published
2019
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6. Observation of seasonal asymmetry in the range spread F occurrence at different longitudes during low and moderate solar activity

Author

A. O. Afolayan, M. Jit Singh, M. Abdullah, S. M. Buhari, T. Yokoyama, and P. Supnithi

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

A comparative study of the equatorial spread F occurrence was conducted at different longitudes during 2010 and 2013 representing the low (LSA) and moderate (MSA) solar activity periods respectively. The ionogram data were recorded at low-latitude stations including Jicamarca (JIC;75.76∘ W, 8.17∘ S), Fortaleza (FZA; 38.52∘ W, 3.73∘ S), Ilorin (ILR; 7.55∘ E, 9.93∘ N), Chumphon (CPN; 88.46∘ E, 11∘ N) and Kwajalein (KWA; 167.73∘ E, 8.72∘ N). The range type spread F (RSF) occurrence was manually recorded at an hourly interval between 18:00 and 06:00 LT, and a monthly average of the RSF occurrence was estimated for each season. The longitudinal distribution of the RSF occurrence features included the observed difference in the onset time, the duration and the seasonal occurrence peak. The seasonal asymmetry in the RSF occurrence distribution was analysed in relation to the zonal drift reversal’s effect on the plasma irregularity initiation. We believe that the inconsistent equinoctial asymmetry pattern in the RSF occurrence is modulated by the seasonal/longitudinal variation of the zonal drift reversal delay during both solar epochs. Likewise, the seeding effect and the background ionospheric condition were also considered as major factors influencing the frequency of irregularity generation in these regions.

Published
2019
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7. Unseasonal development of post-sunset F-region irregularities over Southeast Asia on 28 July 2014: 2. Forcing from below?

Author

K. K. Ajith, S. Tulasi Ram, B. A. Carter, S. Sathish Kumar, M. Yamamoto, T. Yokoyama, S. Gurubaran, S. Sripathi, K. Hozumi, K. Groves, and R. G. Caton

Subjects
Equatorial plasma bubbles, Pre-reversal enhancement, Neutral winds, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract An unseasonal development of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB)/Equatorial Spread-F (ESF) activity in a wide longitudinal sector over India and Southeast Asia during the post-sunset hours of 28 July 2014 has been investigated in detail using the multiple independent observations in this paper and a companion paper by (Prog Earth Planet Sci 5:10, 2018). This post-sunset ESF/EPB event was preceded by a substantial elevation of the equatorial F-layer due to strong pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) during the season which is climatologically unfavorable for strong PRE and post-sunset EPBs. In this paper, it is found that a strong equatorward meridional neutral wind at off-equatorial E-region and enhanced longitudinal gradient of equatorial electrojet appear to be the responsible candidates for the enhanced PRE and EPB development on 28 July 2014. These changes in the local wind system and PRE are found to have an apparent connection with the planetary wave forces of lower atmospheric origin. Both the post-sunset height rise (PSSR) and lower thermospheric meridional neutral wind consistently exhibit quasi-2-day planetary wave-like oscillations during 20–31 July 2014 with maximum amplitudes on 28 July 2014. This study emphasizes the role of planetary wave forces from the lower atmosphere that can alter the local neutral wind system and E-region conductivities that may lead to the development of strong PRE and EPB activity which were otherwise climatologically unfavorable for post-sunset EPB/ESF development.

Published
2018
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8. Geomagnetically conjugate observations of ionospheric and thermospheric variations accompanied by a midnight brightness wave at low latitudes

Author

D. Fukushima, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, M. Kubota, T. Yokoyama, M. Nishioka, S. Komonjinda, and C. Y. Yatini

Subjects
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geodesy, QB275-343, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract We conducted geomagnetically conjugate observations of 630-nm airglow for a midnight brightness wave (MBW) at Kototabang, Indonesia [geomagnetic latitude (MLAT): 10.0°S], and Chiang Mai, Thailand (MLAT: 8.9°N), which are geomagnetically conjugate points at low latitudes. An airglow enhancement that was considered to be an MBW was observed in OI (630-nm) airglow images at Kototabang around local midnight from 2240 to 2430 LT on February 7, 2011. This MBW propagated south-southwestward, which is geomagnetically poleward, at a velocity of 290 m/s. However, a similar wave was not observed in the 630-nm airglow images at Chiang Mai. This is the first evidence of an MBW that does not have geomagnetic conjugacy, which also implies generation of MBW only in one side of the hemisphere from the equator. We simultaneously observed thermospheric neutral winds observed by a co-located Fabry–Perot interferometer at Kototabang. The observed meridional winds turned from northward (geomagnetically equatorward) to southward (geomagnetically poleward) just before the wave was observed. This indicates that the observed MBW was generated by the poleward winds which push ionospheric plasma down along geomagnetic field lines, thereby increasing the 630-nm airglow intensity. The bottomside ionospheric heights observed by ionosondes rapidly decreased at Kototabang and slightly increased at Chiang Mai. We suggest that the polarization electric field inside the observed MBW is projected to the northern hemisphere, causing the small height increase observed at Chiang Mai. This implies that electromagnetic coupling between hemispheres can occur even though the original disturbance is caused purely by the neutral wind. Graphical abstract A schematic picture of the possible ionospheric variations during the MBW event on February 7, 2011. u is the thermospheric neutral winds at Kototabang, J is an ionospheric current, $$E_{\mathrm{P}}$$ E P is a polarization electric field, $$B_{\mathrm{Z}}$$ B Z and B are the vertical and total components of the geomagnetic field, respectively, $$v_{\mathrm{Z}}$$ v Z is an upward $${\mathbf{E}}\times {\mathbf{B}}$$ E × B drift, and $$\Sigma _{\mathrm{in}}$$ Σ in and $$\Sigma _{\mathrm{out}}$$ Σ out are height-integrated Pedersen conductivities inside and outside MBW, respectively. We suggest that the polarization electric field inside the observed midnight brightness wave in the southern hemisphere is projected to the northern hemisphere, causing the observed ionospheric height increase in the northern hemisphere.

Published
2017
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9. Correction to: Geomagnetically conjugate observations of ionospheric and thermospheric variations accompanied by a midnight brightness wave at low latitudes

Author

D. Fukushima, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, M. Kubota, T. Yokoyama, M. Nishioka, S. Komonjinda, and C. Y. Yatini

Subjects
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geodesy, QB275-343, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract After publication of this work (Fukushima et al. 2017) some errors were noticed. In Figures 2b, 2c and 2f the letters ‘N’, ‘N’ and ‘S’ appear in the images, respectively. The original article was corrected. The publisher apologises for these errors.

Published
2017
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10. Major Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Magnetic Reconnection and Related Explosive Phenomena in Heliophysics and Beyond

Author

H. Ji, J. Karpen, A. Alt, P. M. Bellan, M. Begelman, A. Beresnyak, E.G. Blackman, S. Bose, M. Brown, J. Burch, P. Cassak, B. Chen, L.-J. Chen, M. Cheung, L. Comisso, J. Dahlin, W. Daughton, E. DeLuca, C.F. Dong, S. Dorfman, J. Drake, F. Ebrahimi, J. Egedal, C.B. Forest, D.H. Froula, K. Fujimoto, L.Gao, K. Genestreti, S. Gibson, F. Guo, M. Hoshino, Q. Hu, Y.-M. Huang, H. Karimabadi, L. Kepko, J. Klimchuk, M. Kunz, K. Kusano, A. Lazarian, S. Lebedev, H. Li, X. Li, Y. Lin, M. Linton, Y.-H. Liu, N. Loureiro, S. Majeski, W. H. Matthaeus, J. McLaughlin, N.A. Murphy, Y. Ono, M. Opher, J. Qiu, M. Rempel, Y. Ren, R. Rosner, V. Roytershteyn, A. Savcheva, K. Schoeffier, E. Scime, P. Shi, L. SIroni, A. Stanier, J. TenBarge, A. Vaivads, H. Wang, M. Yamada, T. Yokoyama, J. Yoo, S. Zenitani, J. Zhang, and E. Zweibel

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Magnetic reconnection underlies many explosive phenomena in the heliosphere and in laboratory plasmas. New research capabilities in theory/simulations, observations, and laboratory experiments provide the opportunity to solve the grand scientific challenges summarized in this white paper. Success will require enhanced and sustained investments from relevant funding agencies, increased interagency/international partnerships, and close collaborations among the heliophysics, astrophysics, and laboratory plasma communities. These investments will deliver transformative progress in understanding magnetic reconnection and related explosive phenomena including space weather events.

Published
2022

11. A strategy for building and using a human reference pangenome [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Author

Bastien Llamas, Giuseppe Narzisi, Valerie Schneider, Peter A. Audano, Evan Biederstedt, Lon Blauvelt, Peter Bradbury, Xian Chang, Chen-Shan Chin, Arkarachai Fungtammasan, Wayne E. Clarke, Alan Cleary, Jana Ebler, Jordan Eizenga, Jonas A. Sibbesen, Charles J. Markello, Erik Garrison, Shilpa Garg, Glenn Hickey, Gerard R. Lazo, Michael F. Lin, Medhat Mahmoud, Tobias Marschall, Ilia Minkin, Jean Monlong, Rajeeva L. Musunuri, Sagayamary Sagayaradj, Adam M. Novak, Mikko Rautiainen, Allison Regier, Fritz J. Sedlazeck, Jouni Siren, Yassine Souilmi, Justin Wagner, Travis Wrightsman, Toshiyuki T. Yokoyama, Qiandong Zeng, Justin M. Zook, Benedict Paten, and Ben Busby

Subjects
Software Tool Article, Articles, Hackathon, Pangenome, Graph Genome, RNAseq, Structural Variant
Abstract

In March 2019, 45 scientists and software engineers from around the world converged at the University of California, Santa Cruz for the first pangenomics codeathon. The purpose of the meeting was to propose technical specifications and standards for a usable human pangenome as well as to build relevant tools for genome graph infrastructures. During the meeting, the group held several intense and productive discussions covering a diverse set of topics, including advantages of graph genomes over a linear reference representation, design of new methods that can leverage graph-based data structures, and novel visualization and annotation approaches for pangenomes. Additionally, the participants self-organized themselves into teams that worked intensely over a three-day period to build a set of pipelines and tools for specific pangenomic applications. A summary of the questions raised and the tools developed are reported in this manuscript.

Published
2021
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12. Panacea: Visual exploration system for analyzing trends in annual recruitment using time-varying graphs.

Author

Toshiyuki T Yokoyama, Masashi Okada, and Tadahiro Taniguchi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Annual recruitment data of new graduates are manually analyzed by human resources (HR) specialists in industries, which signifies the need to evaluate the recruitment strategy of HR specialists. Different job seekers send applications to companies every year. The relationships between applicants' attributes (e.g., English skill or academic credentials) can be used to analyze the changes in recruitment trends across multiple years. However, most attributes are unnormalized and thus require thorough preprocessing. Such unnormalized data hinder effective comparison of the relationship between applicants in the early stage of data analysis. Thus, a visual exploration system is highly needed to gain insight from the overview of the relationship among applicant qualifications across multiple years. In this study, we propose the Polarizing Attributes for Network Analysis of Correlation on Entities Association (Panacea) visualization system. The proposed system integrates a time-varying graph model and dynamic graph visualization for heterogeneous tabular data. Using this system, HR specialists can interactively inspect the relationships between two attributes of prospective employees across multiple years. Further, we demonstrate the usability of Panacea with representative examples for finding hidden trends in real-world datasets, and we discuss feedback from HR specialists obtained throughout Panacea's development. The proposed Panacea system enables HR specialists to visually explore the annual recruitment of new graduates.

Published
2021
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14. A strategy for building and using a human reference pangenome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Author

Bastien Llamas, Giuseppe Narzisi, Valerie Schneider, Peter A. Audano, Evan Biederstedt, Lon Blauvelt, Peter Bradbury, Xian Chang, Chen-Shan Chin, Arkarachai Fungtammasan, Wayne E. Clarke, Alan Cleary, Jana Ebler, Jordan Eizenga, Jonas A. Sibbesen, Charles J. Markello, Erik Garrison, Shilpa Garg, Glenn Hickey, Gerard R. Lazo, Michael F. Lin, Medhat Mahmoud, Tobias Marschall, Ilia Minkin, Jean Monlong, Rajeeva L. Musunuri, Sagayamary Sagayaradj, Adam M. Novak, Mikko Rautiainen, Allison Regier, Fritz J. Sedlazeck, Jouni Siren, Yassine Souilmi, Justin Wagner, Travis Wrightsman, Toshiyuki T. Yokoyama, Qiandong Zeng, Justin M. Zook, Benedict Paten, and Ben Busby

Subjects
Software Tool Article, Articles, Hackathon, Pangenome, Graph Genome, RNAseq, Structural Variant
Abstract

In March 2019, 45 scientists and software engineers from around the world converged at the University of California, Santa Cruz for the first pangenomics codeathon. The purpose of the meeting was to propose technical specifications and standards for a usable human pangenome as well as to build relevant tools for genome graph infrastructures. During the meeting, the group held several intense and productive discussions covering a diverse set of topics, including advantages of graph genomes over a linear reference representation, design of new methods that can leverage graph-based data structures, and novel visualization and annotation approaches for pangenomes. Additionally, the participants self-organized themselves into teams that worked intensely over a three-day period to build a set of pipelines and tools for specific pangenomic applications. A summary of the questions raised and the tools developed are reported in this manuscript.

Published
2019
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17. Bridge damage detection by means of displacement based bridge weigh-in-motion

Author

T. Yokoyama

Abstract

In order to develop an efficient and quantitative bridge inspection method using sensors, this study investigates feasibility of bridge damage detection using Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM) and deflection of the bridge. As deflection influence line changes due to damage in BWIM, a virtual axle is introduced to the vehicle and the process of axle weight identification so that the increase of identified wheel loads due to damage can be distributed to the virtual axle. Bridge damage thus can be detected by examining the wheel load on the virtual axle, which should theoretically be zero if the condition of the bridge has not changed from the reference state. Changes in the wheel load of the virtual axle due to damage in the bridge were observed from a laboratory experiment as well as simulations. The results also indicated that the wheel load of the virtual axle varied depending on the position of the virtual axle and the damage position. Observations demonstrated that the damage identification accuracy by means of the virtual axle can be improved by selecting the appropriate position of the virtual axle.

Published
2023

18. Natural history of severe aortic stenosis in elderly heart failure patients who declined transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Author

M Hieda, S Futami, H Tanaka, S Moriyama, S Masui, M Kisanuki, K Hatakeyama, K Irie, T Yokoyama, M Fukata, T Arita, T Maruyama, H Nomura, and K Akashi

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established minimally invasive treatment for elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Although it is a relatively minimally invasive procedure, many elderly patients cannot undergo TAVI due to advanced age, advanced dementia, significantly impaired ADL, or because the patient or family does not wish to undergo TAVI. In general, severe AS patients died 5 years after an angina attack, 3 years after syncope symptoms, and 2 years after heart failure symptoms. However, few studies have investigated the prognosis of elderly patients with severe AS who declined TAVI. Purpose This study aimed to comprehend the natural history of elderly severe AS patients who declined aortic valve intervention and identify risk factors for death in the TAVI era. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 2,786 echocardiographic data from our hospital between 2017 and 2021. We identified 504 patients with AS in the echocardiography database. The severe AS was defined by the following echocardiography parameters: peak aortic flow velocity ≥4.0 m/s, aortic valve mean gradient ≥40 mmHg, aortic valve area (AVA) Results The mean age was 89±6 years, and 63 (77%) were women. AHA/ACC classification was Stage A/B/C/D: 0%/52.4%/39.0%/8.5%. As event occurrence, we detected 34 (41.5%) all-cause deaths, 41 (50.0%) major adverse cardiovascular events, 32 (39.0%) development of heart failure, 13 (15.9%) chest pain attacks, and 3 (3.7%) syncope. The time from diagnosis of severe AS to all-cause death was 227±273 days, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 61.5%, 46.2%, and 36.9%, respectively. Of the heart failure-onset population, 16 (50.0%) were found to have severe AS on initial heart failure admission. The incidence of heart failure at 1, 2, and 3 years after diagnosis of severe AS was 60.1%, 56.7%, and 45.4%, respectively. The time from heart failure to death was 107±147 days. Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusted with age, sex, comorbidities revealed that dementia (HR 4.5, P=0.014) and Katz index Conclusions Compared to the comprehension of the natural history of AS patients, the prognosis in severe AS patients who declined TAVI was extremely poor. Although the elderly patients did not have a high rate of angina attacks or syncope symptoms, probably due to their reduced ADL, the results suggest that dementia prevention and maintenance of exercise tolerance are essential since dementia and reduced ADL (Katz Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Clinical Research Promotion Foundation Reiwa 2 Michinari Hieda

Published
2022

20. Efficacy and Safety of Machine Perfusion for Brain Death Marginal Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Report of 2 Cases

Author

Yoshifumi Ubara, Katsuyuki Miki, Yasuo Ishii, Naoki Sawa, Suguru Tatsuki, Yuki Nakamura, T. Yokoyama, and Koji Tanaka

Subjects
Male, Brain Death, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cold storage, Renal function, Kidney, Organ transplantation, Renal Dialysis, medicine, Humans, Kidney transplantation, Dialysis, Transplantation, Machine perfusion, business.industry, Graft Survival, Organ Preservation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Tissue Donors, Perfusion, Anesthesia, Female, Surgery, business
Abstract

Background After the revised organ transplant law came into effect in Japan, donations of organs under brain death have been increasing; however, because of the expansion of donor indications, donations from expanded criteria donors and cardiac arrest donors (donation after cardiac death) have also increased. In kidney transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury results in a high rate of delayed graft function, which adversely affects patients’ long-term prognoses. Hypothermic machine perfusion preservation results in superior postoperative function and survival rates compared with cold storage preservation. We used an organ preservation device for kidneys and performed a graft viability evaluation before to kidney transplantation. Methods We used the CMP-X08 perfusion device (Chuo-Seiko Co, Ltd, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan) and Belzer MPS solution to preserve the donated organ. The perfusion pressure and temperature were monitored during cold storage with continuous perfusion. Standard renal transplantation protocols were followed. A renal biopsy was performed 1 hour after transplantation and the renal function was evaluated. This study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results The first presented case is of a 63-year-old woman who received a kidney from a middle-aged man with brain death due to hypoxic encephalopathy. The creatinine at the time of admission was 0.9 mg/dL and at the time of excision was 2.86 mg/dL. The total perfusion time was 120 minutes. The total ischemia time was 7 hours and 15 minutes. The recipient urinated 115 minutes postoperatively, and no dialysis was required. The second presented case is of a 47-year-old man with a 15-year history of dialysis who received a kidney from a middle-aged woman with brain death due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The creatinine at the time of admission was 0.8 mg/dL and at the time of excision was 0.77 mg/dL. The total perfusion time was 240 minutes. The total ischemia time was 13 hours and 14 minutes. The recipient urinated 38 minutes postoperatively, and no dialysis was required. Conclusions Mechanical perfusion storage performed for 2 to 4 hours resulted in a viable organ that was successfully transplanted in both cases.

Published
2021

22. Usefulness of Tolvaptan for the Postoperative Control After Kidney Transplantation in a Patient With Cardiac Hypofunction: A Case Report

Author

Yuki Nakamura, Miho Akabane, T. Yokoyama, Katsuyuki Miki, and Yasuo Ishii

Subjects
Male, Cardiac function curve, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cardiac Output, Low, Myocardial Infarction, Tolvaptan, Postoperative Complications, Renal Dialysis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Kidney transplantation, Aged, Heart Failure, Transplantation, business.industry, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Heart failure, Cardiology, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Myocardial infarction complications, Surgery, Hemodialysis, business, Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Kidney transplantation in patients with cardiac hypofunction is challenging. Even if the surgery is successfully performed, these patients may suffer from low output cardiac function. We report the case of a patient with severe cardiac hypofunction who developed heart failure (HF) complicated with low output cardiac function, which markedly improved after the administration of tolvaptan, after successful living kidney transplantation. Case presentation A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with chronic renal failure of unknown etiology 4 years previously, for which hemodialysis was initiated. Three years previously, percutaneous coronary intervention was performed because of acute myocardial infarction. Since then, he had been hospitalized for the control of HF. He was referred to our department because he wished to undergo kidney transplantation. We decided to perform the transplantation after determining that he could tolerate the operation. On postoperative day 6, however, his urine discharge volume suddenly declined, leading to an increase in his body weight despite administration of an adequate amount of furosemide, and he was diagnosed with acute HF. The patient's condition markedly improved after the introduction of tolvaptan. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of improvement in postoperative HF after tolvaptan administration. Although numerous kidney transplantations have been performed at our institute, it is relatively rare that we decide to operate in a patient with severe cardiac hypofunction.

Published
2021

26. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author

M. E. Fenstermacher, J. Abbate, S. Abe, T. Abrams, M. Adams, B. Adamson, N. Aiba, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, E. Allen, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, T. Andrews, D. Appelt, R. Arbon, N. Ashikawa, A. Ashourvan, M. Aslin, Y. Asnis, M. Austin, D. Ayala, J. Bak, I. Bandyopadhyay, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, E. Bass, D. Battaglia, A. Battey, W. Baumgartner, L. Baylor, J. Beckers, M. Beidler, E. Belli, J. Berkery, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, M. Beurskens, R. Bielajew, S. Bilgili, B. Biswas, S. Blondel, J. Boedo, I. Bogatu, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, M. Bongard, X. Bonnin, P. Bonoli, M. Bonotto, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, N. Bosviel, S. Bouwmans, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, G. Brown, W. Brown, M. Burke, K. Burrell, K. Butler, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, G. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, P. Cano-Megias, N. Cao, L. Carayannopoulos, T. Carlstrom, W. Carrig, T. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, G. Cespedes Paz, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Chen, J. Chen, X. Chen, M. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Choi, W. Choi, G. Choi, L. Chousal, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, J. Clark, M. Clement, S. Coda, A. Cole, C. Collins, W. Conlin, A. Cooper, J. Cordell, B. Coriton, T. Cote, J. Cothran, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, D. Cruz-Zabala, D. Cummings, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, B. Dannels, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, G. De Tommasi, P. De Vries, G. Degrandchamp, J. Degrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, S. Depasquale, E. Deshazer, A. Diallo, S. Diem, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, T. Do, J. Doane, G. Dong, D. Donovan, J. Drake, W. Drews, J. Drobny, X. Du, H. Du, V. Duarte, D. Dudt, C. Dunn, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, R. Ellis, W. Elwasif, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fasciana, D. Fedorov, E. Feibush, N. Ferraro, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, P. Fimognari, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, P. Fox, W. Fox, L. Frassinetti, H. Frerichs, H. Frye, Y. Fu, K. Gage, J. Galdon Quiroga, A. Gallo, Q. Gao, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, D. Geng, K. Gentle, D. Ghosh, L. Giacomelli, S. Gibson, E. Gilson, C. Giroud, F. Glass, A. Glasser, D. Glibert, P. Gohil, R. Gomez, S. Gomez, X. Gong, E. Gonzales, A. Goodman, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, T. Gray, D. Green, C. Greenfield, M. Greenwald, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. Grunloh, S. Gu, W. Guo, H. Guo, P. Gupta, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, T. Guzman, S. Haar, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, T. Hall, K. Hallatschek, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, H. Han, E. Hansen, C. Hansen, M. Hansink, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, G. Hao, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, E. Hassan, A. Hassanein, D. Hatch, R. Hawryluk, W. Hayashi, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, D. Hill, E. Hinson, C. Holcomb, L. Holland, C. Holland, E. Hollmann, J. Hollocombe, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, M. Honda, R. Hong, R. Hood, A. Horton, L. Horvath, M. Hosokawa, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, D. Hoyt, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, J. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Hughes, T. Human, D. Humphreys, P. Huynh, A. Hyatt, C. Ibanez, L. Ibarra, R. Icasas, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, O. Izacard, V. Izzo, A. Jackson, G. Jacobsen, A. Jaervinen, A. Jalalvand, J. Janhunen, S. Jardin, H. Jarleblad, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, E. Joffrin, A. Johansen, C. Johnson, T. Johnson, C. Jones, I. Joseph, D. Jubas, B. Junge, W. Kalb, R. Kalling, C. Kamath, J. Kang, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, S. Kasdorf, J. Kates-Harbeck, P. Kazantzidis, A. Kellman, D. Kellman, C. Kessel, K. Khumthong, E. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, W. Kimura, M. King, J. King, J. Kinsey, A. Kirk, B. Kiyan, A. Kleiner, V. Klevarova, R. Knapp, M. Knolker, W. Ko, T. Kobayashi, E. Koch, M. Kochan, B. Koel, M. Koepke, A. Kohn, R. Kolasinski, E. Kolemen, E. Kostadinova, M. Kostuk, G. Kramer, D. Kriete, L. Kripner, S. Kubota, J. Kulchar, K. Kwon, R. La Haye, F. Laggner, H. Lan, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, A. Lasa Esquisabel, C. Lasnier, C. Lau, B. Leard, J. Lee, R. Lee, M. Lee, Y. Lee, C. Lee, S. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Leonard, E. Leppink, M. Lesher, J. Lestz, J. Leuer, N. Leuthold, X. Li, K. Li, E. Li, G. Li, L. Li, Z. Li, J. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, D. Lin, X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Liu, C. Liu, Z. Liu, D. Liu, A. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, L. Lodestro, N. Logan, J. Lohr, B. Lombardo, J. Lore, Q. Luan, T. Luce, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, Z. Luo, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, M. Madruga, B. Madsen, C. Maggi, K. Maheshwari, A. Mail, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, M. Major, M. Makowski, R. Manchanda, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, A. Maris, T. Markovic, L. Marrelli, E. Martin, J. Mateja, G. Matsunaga, R. Maurizio, P. Mauzey, D. Mauzey, G. Mcardle, J. Mcclenaghan, K. Mccollam, C. Mcdevitt, K. Mckay, G. Mckee, A. Mclean, V. Mehta, E. Meier, J. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, S. Messer, W. Meyer, C. Michael, C. Michoski, P. Milne, G. Minet, A. Misleh, Y. Mitrishkin, C. Moeller, K. Montes, M. Morales, S. Mordijck, D. Moreau, S. Morosohk, P. Morris, L. Morton, A. Moser, R. Moyer, C. Moynihan, T. Mrazkova, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, J. Munoz Burgos, C. Murphy, K. Murphy, C. Muscatello, C. Myers, A. Nagy, G. Nandipati, M. Navarro, F. Nave, G. Navratil, R. Nazikian, A. Neff, G. Neilson, T. Neiser, W. Neiswanger, D. Nelson, A. Nelson, F. Nespoli, R. Nguyen, L. Nguyen, X. Nguyen, J. Nichols, M. Nocente, S. Nogami, S. Noraky, N. Norausky, M. Nornberg, R. Nygren, T. Odstrcil, D. Ogas, T. Ogorman, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohtani, M. Okabayashi, M. Okamoto, L. Olavson, E. Olofsson, M. Omullane, R. Oneill, D. Orlov, W. Orvis, T. Osborne, D. Pace, G. Paganini Canal, A. Pajares Martinez, L. Palacios, C. Pan, Q. Pan, R. Pandit, M. Pandya, A. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, S. Parker, P. Parks, M. Parsons, B. Patel, C. Pawley, C. Paz-Soldan, W. Peebles, S. Pelton, R. Perillo, C. Petty, Y. Peysson, D. Pierce, A. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D. Piglowski, S. Pinches, R. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, A. Pironti, R. Pitts, J. Pizzo, U. Plank, M. Podesta, E. Poli, F. Poli, D. Ponce, Z. Popovic, M. Porkolab, G. Porter, C. Powers, S. Powers, R. Prater, Q. Pratt, I. Pusztai, J. Qian, X. Qin, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, T. Raines, R. Raman, J. Rauch, A. Raymond, C. Rea, M. Reich, A. Reiman, S. Reinhold, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, J. Ren, M. Rensink, J. Renteria, T. Rhodes, J. Rice, R. Roberts, J. Robinson, P. Rodriguez Fernandez, T. Rognlien, A. Rosenthal, S. Rosiello, J. Rost, J. Roveto, W. Rowan, R. Rozenblat, J. Ruane, D. Rudakov, J. Ruiz Ruiz, R. Rupani, S. Saarelma, S. Sabbagh, J. Sachdev, J. Saenz, S. Saib, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, B. Sammuli, C. Samuell, A. Sandorfi, C. Sang, J. Sarff, O. Sauter, K. Schaubel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, J. Schneider, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, E. Schuster, J. Schwartz, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. Scoville, A. Seltzman, S. Seol, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, S. Sharapov, H. Shen, Z. Sheng, T. Shepard, S. Shi, Y. Shibata, G. Shin, D. Shiraki, R. Shousha, H. Si, P. Simmerling, G. Sinclair, J. Sinha, P. Sinha, G. Sips, T. Sizyuk, C. Skinner, A. Sladkomedova, T. Slendebroek, J. Slief, R. Smirnov, J. Smith, S. Smith, D. Smith, J. Snipes, G. Snoep, A. Snyder, P. Snyder, E. Solano, W. Solomon, J. Song, A. Sontag, V. Soukhanovskii, J. Spendlove, D. Spong, J. Squire, C. Srinivasan, W. Stacey, G. Staebler, L. Stagner, T. Stange, P. Stangeby, R. Stefan, R. Stemprok, D. Stephan, J. Stillerman, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, W. Stonecipher, S. Storment, E. Strait, D. Su, L. Sugiyama, Y. Sun, P. Sun, Z. Sun, A. Sun, D. Sundstrom, C. Sung, J. Sungcoco, W. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, C. Swee, R. Sweeney, C. Sweetnam, G. Szepesi, M. Takechi, T. Tala, K. Tanaka, X. Tang, S. Tang, Y. Tao, R. Tao, D. Taussig, T. Taylor, K. Teixeira, K. Teo, A. Theodorsen, D. Thomas, K. Thome, A. Thorman, A. Thornton, A. Ti, M. Tillack, N. Timchenko, R. Tinguely, R. Tompkins, J. Tooker, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. Trevisan, S. Tripathi, A. Trujillo Ochoa, D. Truong, C. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, M. Umansky, E. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. Vail, J. Valdez, W. Valkis, B. Van Compernolle, J. Van Galen, R. Van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, B. Victor, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, M. Wade, F. Waelbroeck, J. Wai, T. Wakatsuki, M. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Waltz, W. Wampler, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, S. Ward, M. Watkins, J. Watkins, W. Wehner, Y. Wei, M. Weiland, D. Weisberg, A. Welander, A. White, R. White, S. Wiesen, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, H. Wilson, A. Wingen, M. Wolde, M. Wolff, K. Woller, A. Wolz, H. Wong, S. Woodruff, M. Wu, Y. Wu, S. Wukitch, G. Wurden, W. Xiao, R. Xie, Z. Xing, X. Xu, C. Xu, G. Xu, Z. Yan, X. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yokoyama, R. Yoneda, M. Yoshida, K. You, T. Younkin, J. Yu, M. Yu, G. Yu, Q. Yuan, L. Zaidenberg, L. Zakharov, A. Zamengo, S. Zamperini, M. Zarnstorff, E. Zeger, K. Zeller, L. Zeng, M. Zerbini, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, R. Zhang, B. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhao, B. Zhao, Y. Zheng, L. Zheng, B. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, M. Zsutty, M. Zuin, Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., 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Shousha, R, Si, H, Simmerling, P, Sinclair, G, Sinha, J, Sinha, P, Sips, G, Sizyuk, T, Skinner, C, Sladkomedova, A, Slendebroek, T, Slief, J, Smirnov, R, Smith, J, Smith, S, Smith, D, Snipes, J, Snoep, G, Snyder, A, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Song, J, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spendlove, J, Spong, D, Squire, J, Srinivasan, C, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stange, T, Stangeby, P, Stefan, R, Stemprok, R, Stephan, D, Stillerman, J, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stonecipher, W, Storment, S, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sun, Y, Sun, P, Sun, Z, Sun, A, Sundstrom, D, Sung, C, Sungcoco, J, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Suzuki, T, Svyatkovskiy, A, Swee, C, Sweeney, R, Sweetnam, C, Szepesi, G, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tanaka, K, Tang, X, Tang, S, Tao, Y, Tao, R, Taussig, D, Taylor, T, Teixeira, K, Teo, K, Theodorsen, A, Thomas, D, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Thornton, A, Ti, A, Tillack, M, Timchenko, N, Tinguely, R, Tompkins, R, Tooker, J, De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Tripathi, S, Ochoa, A, Truong, D, Tsui, C, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Umansky, M, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Valdez, J, Valkis, W, Van Compernolle, B, Van Galen, J, Van Kampen, R, Van Zeeland, M, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Victor, B, Viezzer, E, Vincena, S, Wade, M, Waelbroeck, F, Wai, J, Wakatsuki, T, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wampler, W, Wang, L, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Ward, S, Watkins, M, Watkins, J, Wehner, W, Wei, Y, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Wiesen, S, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolde, M, Wolff, M, Woller, K, Wolz, A, Wong, H, Woodruff, S, Wu, M, Wu, Y, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xiao, W, Xie, R, Xing, Z, Xu, X, Xu, C, Xu, G, Yan, Z, Yang, X, Yang, S, Yokoyama, T, Yoneda, R, Yoshida, M, You, K, Younkin, T, Yu, J, Yu, M, Yu, G, Yuan, Q, Zaidenberg, L, Zakharov, L, Zamengo, A, Zamperini, S, Zarnstorff, M, Zeger, E, Zeller, K, Zeng, L, Zerbini, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, R, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, Y, Zheng, L, Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, General Atomics, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Imperial College London, National Institute for Fusion Science, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Texas at Austin, ITER, College of William and Mary, University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, West Virginia University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, National Research Council of Italy, Stony Brook University, Purdue University, University of Seville, University of Science and Technology of China, Carnegie Mellon University, Institute for Plasma Research, Peking University, University of California Davis, University of California Irvine, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of Liverpool, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Milan - Bicocca, Georgia Institute of Technology, Southwestern Institute of Physics, University of Toronto, Auburn University, Polytechnic University of Turin, Universidade Lisboa, Association CCFE, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, San Diego State University, Durham University, Lehigh University, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Washington, Department of Applied Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Ghent University, Technical University of Denmark, CEA, University of Colorado Boulder, Harvard University, National Technical University of Athens, Coventry University, University of Stuttgart, Czech Academy of Sciences, Harvey Mudd College, Seoul National University, Donghua University, University of York, Dalian University of Technology, University of California Berkeley, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, University of Strathclyde, Pennsylvania State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Southern California, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Virginia, University of Naples Federico II, University of Oxford, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, National Institute of Technology, University of Connecticut, DIFFER, CIEMAT, Hanyang University, Brigham Young University, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Australian National University, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zhejiang University, The University of Tokyo, University of Michigan, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, DIII-D Team, Complex Ionized Media, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Control Systems Technology

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Technology and Engineering, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, TOKAMAKS, MITIGATION, law.invention, Plasma physics, mitigation, law, plasma physic, tokamak, Physics, Core-edge integration, Basis (linear algebra), plasma physics, core-edge integration, scenarios, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, SCENARIOS, fusion energy, Fusion energy
Abstract

Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IAEA, Vienna. DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.

Published
2022

27. Association between Satisfaction with State of Health and Meals, Physical Condition and Food Diversity, Health Behavior, and Perceptions of Shopping Difficulty among Older People Living Alone in Japan

Author

M, Ishikawa, T, Yokoyama, Y, Takemi, Y, Fukuda, T, Nakaya, K, Kusama, N, Yoshiike, M, Nozue, K, Yoshiba, N, Murayama, M, Ishikawa, T, Yokoyama, Y, Takemi, Y, Fukuda, T, Nakaya, K, Kusama, N, Yoshiike, M, Nozue, K, Yoshiba, and N, Murayama

Abstract

source:Epub 2016 Oct 22, source:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28448081

Published
2022

31. Favorable Short-Term Outcome of Living Donor Kidney Transplantations in Flow Cytometry Crossmatch Positive Cases by Pretransplant Splenectomy: A Case Report

Author

Yuki Nakamura, Yasuo Ishii, Ryosuke Umino, Kiho Tanaka, and T. Yokoyama

Subjects
Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, Graft failure, medicine.medical_treatment, Splenectomy, Living donor, ABO Blood-Group System, Flow cytometry, Preoperative Care, Living Donors, medicine, Humans, Kidney transplantation, Transplantation, Kidney, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Graft Survival, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood Group Incompatibility, Female, Rituximab, business, Kidney transplant rejection, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background The introduction of rituximab has contributed to successful living donor kidney transplantations in ABO-incompatible recipients and has replaced splenectomy for desensitization. However, several reports still suggest that postoperative splenectomy may be effective in preventing graft failure in patients with acute antibody-mediated kidney transplant rejection (AAMR) in kidney transplantation. Therefore, we aim to assess if preoperative splenectomy also could be an alternative practical choice to avoid AAMR in high-risk rejection cases such as flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM)-positive cases. Material and method We carried out 4 living donor kidney transplantations in FCXM-positive cases: 3 underwent pretransplant splenectomy, and 1 did not. Results All 3 cases in whom pretransplant splenectomy was performed were discharged without rejection. On the contrary, in the case where pretransplant splenectomy was not performed, there was graft rejection and additional desensitization therapies were needed. Conclusion While larger clinical studies with longer observation periods are needed, our report suggested that pretransplant splenectomy may lead to successful short-term kidney transplantation outcomes in FCXM-positive cases.

Published
2020

32. Effectiveness of Nephrectomy and Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Before Kidney Transplantation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Author

Yasuo Ishii, Yuki Nakamura, T. Yokoyama, Miho Akabane, Katsuyuki Miki, and Yoshifumi Ubara

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Renal function, Kidney Volume, Kidney, Nephrectomy, Postoperative Complications, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Kidney transplantation, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, business.industry, Arterial Embolization, Middle Aged, Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant, medicine.disease, Embolization, Therapeutic, Kidney Transplantation, Surgery, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Feasibility Studies, Female, business
Abstract

Background Renal transplantation in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains a feasible option because no recurrence has been reported. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for patients with ADPKD is performed to control infection, pain, or bleeding and can help reduce kidney volume. However, nephrectomy may be needed for inadequate kidney shrinkage. The effects of these procedures performed before transplantation on transplant outcomes or kidney functions are not discussed. We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of nephrectomy and TAE before transplantation. Methods Forty-four patients who underwent renal transplantation in our center between 2008 and 2018 were classified into 4 groups according to whether nephrectomy or TAE was performed. We collected information on sex, age, type of transplantation, history of nephrectomy or TAE, renal function, postoperative complications, graft acceptance, and survival rates. Results Of the 17 patients who underwent TAE and those who did not, 8 and 7 underwent nephrectomy, respectively; 16 underwent bilateral TAE and primitive transplantation. The patients who underwent both nephrectomy and TAE had significantly better kidney function than those who underwent neither. With TAE alone, without nephrectomy, the mean volume reduction rate was 23.5% and 28.4% on the left and right, respectively; in patients who underwent neither procedure, the mean volume reduction rates were 24.8% and 28.4%, respectively. Conclusions Patients who underwent both nephrectomy and TAE had better renal function than those in any other group. However, if the recipient’s pelvis has sufficient space, nephrectomy is unnecessary because the kidney volume decreases after transplantation by approximately 25%.

Published
2020

37. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors can be a first choice drug for hypertension in patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors

Author

S Moriyama, M Hieda, H Fukuda, S Kawano, T Yokoyama, M Fukata, H Kusaba, T Maruyama, E Baba, and K Akashi

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor Signaling Pathway (VSP) inhibitor suppresses tumor growth in solid cancers with disorganized tumor vasculature.1 However, VSP inhibitor often provokes hypertension as an adverse effect.2 The VSP inhibitor-induced hypertension may lead to a dose reduction or discontinuation of the treatment, which cause to poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate the appropriate anti-hypertensive treatment during cancer therapy. Although renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor or calcium channel blocker (CCB) is recommended to first-line anti-hypertensive drugs for cancer patients,3 it has not been well-elucidated whether RAS inhibitor or CCB is a beneficial impact for clinical outcome. Purpose The aim of this study is to clarify whether RAS inhibitor or CCB would be an effective drug as the first antihypertensive drug during VSP inhibitor therapy. Method From the LIFE Study database which consisted of 14 municipality-level information from claims data between 2016 and 2020, 1,263 cancer patients treated with VSP inhibitors were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were stratified into two groups according to hypertensive drugs: (1) RAS inhibitors alone (n=512) and (2) CCBs alone (n=751) (Figure 1). The time to treatment failure (TTF) was substituted as an alternative clinical indicator of overall survival. The Kaplan-Meier survival method with the log-rank test was conducted to compare the TTF between the two groups. In addition, Cox proportional hazard model adjusted with baseline clinical characteristics was performed to analyze determinant factors for TTF. Results There were no difference in baseline characteristics including age, sex, primary cancer site, the type of VSP inhibitors, and past medical histories between the two groups, excepted for renal failure. The rate of renal failure was significantly higher in the RAS inhibitor group than in the CCB group (p=0.013). TTF in the patients treated with RAS inhibitors were significantly longer than that with CCB (median TTF [25th–75th percentile]: 183 [61–455] vs. 153 [61–351] days, p=0.020) (Figure 2). In Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted with age, sex, past medical history, primary cancer lesion, and type of VSP inhibitors, RAS inhibitor was a significantly independent favorable factor to TTF, compared to CCB (Hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval [0.77–0.97], p=0.011). Conclusion RAS inhibitor is associated with a favorable clinical outcome than CCB, and can be a first choice for treating hypertension during cancer therapy with VSP inhibitors. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Figure 1. Patient screening and enrollmentFigure 2. Antihypertensive drugs & TTF

Published
2021

38. Impact of hypertension on clinical outcome in patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors

Author

S Moriyama, M Hieda, H Fukuda, S Kawano, T Yokoyama, M Fukata, H Kusaba, T Maruyama, E Baba, and K Akashi

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment and induces tumor angiogenesis.1 VEGF signaling pathway (VSP) inhibitors are essential therapeutic drugs for solid cancer patients.2 However, VSP inhibitors often provoke drug-specific anti-angiogenesis in normal tissues, which was referred to as on-target toxicity.2 Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most frequent adverse events caused by VSP inhibitors. A previous report demonstrated that VSP inhibitor-induced hypertension is a favorable prognostic factor, contrarily.3However, multiple VSP inhibitors are administered in various cancer types, and then the relation between VSP inhibitor-associated hypertension and clinical outcome is still controversial. Purpose The aim of this study is to elucidate the impacts of HTN and the timing of onset on clinical outcome during cancer therapy with VSP inhibitors. Method We reviewed 2,348 patients who were treated with VSP inhibitors from the LIFE Study database, consisting of 14 municipality-level information from claims data between 2016 and 2020. According to the timing of HTN onset mode, the patients were stratified into 3 groups; (1) new-onset HTN group (n=334): de novo development after VSP inhibitor administration, (2) pre-existing HTN group (n=1,363): existing HTN at baseline, including aggravation after VSP inhibitor initiation, and (3) no HTN group (n=651) (Figure 1). The time to treatment failure (TTF) was applied as a surrogate clinical indicator of overall survival. Event-free survival analysis with the log-rank test was conducted for time to first treatment failure amongst the 3 groups. In addition, Cox proportional hazard models adjusted with clinical characteristics were performed to investigate independent factors for TTF. Results In the event-free survival analysis, both the new-onset HTN and the pre-existing HTN were associated with prolongation of TTF, compared to the non-HTN (p Conclusion In patients treated with VSP inhibitors, both new-onset and pre-existing HTN are independent factors for a favorable clinical outcome, especially new-onset HTN after VSP inhibitors administration. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Figure 1. Patient screening and enrollmentFigure 2. HTN & TTF

Published
2021

39. 330P A real-world multi-center prospective observational study of atezolizumab (Atezo) + bevacizumab (Bev) + carboplatin (CBDCA) + paclitaxel (PTX) (ABCP) in patients (pts) with advanced EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) NSCLC after EGFR-TKIs failure

Author

S. Kuyama, H. Yoshioka, H. Kaneda, Y. Kataoka, S. Miura, N. Katakami, Y. Yamanaka, A. Tamiya, T. Yamada, T. Yokoyama, S. Hara, H. Tanaka, Y. Fujisaka, A. Nakamura, K. Azuma, M. Namba, A. Hata, K. Sawa, H. Ishikawa, and T. Kurata

Subjects
Oncology, Hematology
Published
2022

43. MoMI-G: modular multi-scale integrated genome graph browser

Author

Yoshitaka Sakamoto, Yutaka Suzuki, Masahide Seki, Masahiro Kasahara, and Toshiyuki T. Yokoyama

Subjects
Computer science, Genome browser, Computational biology, Web Browser, computer.software_genre, Variation graphs, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Biochemistry, Genome, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, User-Computer Interface, 0302 clinical medicine, Structural Biology, Humans, Long-read sequencing, Molecular Biology, Gene, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Visualization, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Human, business.industry, Genome graphs, Applied Mathematics, Structural variant, Modular design, Diploidy, Computer Science Applications, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, lcsh:Biology (General), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Genomic Structural Variation, Graph (abstract data type), lcsh:R858-859.7, Human genome, Data mining, DNA microarray, business, computer, Software, Reference genome
Abstract

BackgroundGenome graph is an emerging approach for representing structural variants on genomes with branches. For example, representing structural variants of cancer genomes as a genome graph is more natural than representing such genomes as differences from the linear reference genome. While more and more structural variants are being identified by long-read sequencing, many of them are difficult to visualize using existing structural variants visualization tools. To this end, visualization method for large genome graphs such as human cancer genome graphs is demanded.ResultsWe developed MOdular Multi-scale Integrated Genome graph browser, MoMI-G, a web-based genome graph browser that can visualize genome graphs with structural variants and supporting evidences such as read alignments, read depth, and annotations. This browser allows more intuitive recognition of large, nested, and potentially more complex structural variations. MoMI-G has view modules for different scales, which allow users to view the whole genome down to nucleotide-level alignments of long reads. Alignments spanning reference alleles and those spanning alternative alleles are shown in the same view. Users can customize the view, if they are not satisfied with the preset views. In addition, MoMI-G has Interval Card Deck, a feature for rapid manual inspection of hundreds of structural variants. Herein, we describe the utility of MoMI-G by using representative examples of large and nested structural variations found in two cell lines, LC-2/ad and CHM1.ConclusionsUsers can inspect complex and large structural variations found by long-read analysis in large genomes such as human genomes more smoothly and more intuitively. In addition, users can easily filter out false positives by manually inspecting hundreds of identified structural variants with supporting long-read alignments and annotations in a short time.Software availabilityMoMI-G is freely available athttps://github.com/MoMI-G/MoMI-Gunder the MIT license.

Published
2019

44. Visualization tools for human structural variations identified by whole-genome sequencing

Author

Toshiyuki T. Yokoyama and Masahiro Kasahara

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Review Article, Genome informatics, Set (abstract data type), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Software, Genetics, Humans, Genetics (clinical), Whole genome sequencing, Massive parallel sequencing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genome, Human, business.industry, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genomics, Data structure, Data science, Visualization, Identification (information), 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Human genome, Genetic databases, business
Abstract

Visualizing structural variations (SVs) is a critical step for finding associations between SVs and human traits or diseases. Given that there are many sequencing platforms used for SV identification and given that how best to visualize SVs together with other data, such as read alignments and annotations, depends on research goals, there are dozens of SV visualization tools designed for different research goals and sequencing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of over 30 SV visualization tools to help users choose which tools to use. This review targets users who wish to visualize a set of SVs identified from the massively parallel sequencing reads of an individual human genome. We first categorize the ways in which SV visualization tools display SVs into ten major categories, which we denote as view modules. View modules allow readers to understand the features of each SV visualization tool quickly. Next, we introduce the features of individual SV visualization tools from several aspects, including whether SV views are integrated with annotations, whether long-read alignment is displayed, whether underlying data structures are graph-based, the type of SVs shown, whether auditing is possible, whether bird’s eye view is available, sequencing platforms, and the number of samples. We hope that this review will serve as a guide for readers on the currently available SV visualization tools and lead to the development of new SV visualization tools in the near future.

Published
2019

45. A Prospective Cohort Study to Define the Clinical Features and Outcome of Lung Cancers Harboring HER2 Aberration in Japan (HER2-CS STUDY)

Author

Kiichiro Ninomiya, Tae Hata, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Kadoaki Ohashi, Akihiro Bessho, Shinobu Hosokawa, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Masahiro Yamasaki, Takuo Shibayama, Keisuke Aoe, Toshiyuki Kozuki, Shingo Harita, Yutaka Ueda, Toshi Murakami, Nobukazu Fujimoto, Hiroyuki Yanai, Shinichi Toyooka, Minoru Takata, Katsuyuki Hotta, Katsuyuki Kiura, K. Gemba, G. Ikeda, M. Yasugi, E. Kurimoto, K. Nakano, T. Moritaka, K. Inoue, S. Miyoshi, N. Hamaguchi, R. Ito, Y. Sano, I. Takata, A. Mitani, T. Nishisaka, H. Shoda, A. Nishida, S. Tamamoto, K. Fujitaka, T. Masuda, S. Miyamoto, N. Hattori, K. Sugimoto, S. Fujii, Y. Ueda, M. Sakugawa, N. Fukamatsu, Y. Ogata, S. Bandoh, N. Kanaji, N. Takigawa, H. Yamane, N. Ochi, Y. Honda, M. Oka, M. Kittaka, T. Kubota, A. Yokoyama, T. Yokoyama, E. Sato, Y. Shiota, N. Horita, T. Kanematsu, Y. Awaya, A. Nakamasu, I. Murakami, S. Kuyama, K. Kudo, T. Tamura, T. Umeno, D. Morichika, K. Fujiwara, K. Sato, D. Harada, N. Nogami, K. Nishii, Y. Fuchimoto, T. Kishimoto, H. Kawai, K. Watanabe, K. Tokumo, T. Isobe, Y. Tsubata, M. Inoue, H. Ichikawa, Y. Nishioka, M. Hanibuchi, H. Goto, T. Sumikawa, M. Kodani, H. Suyama, H. Makino, N. Kinosita, E. Shimizu, H. Obata, H. Ikegami, K. Chikamori, T. Maeda, T. Kishino, H. Kamei, H. Ueoka, Y. Kunihiro, T. Kobayashi, K. Ueda, M. Hayashi, M. Kamiya, J. Murakami, A. Sato, E. Ichihara, T. Kubo, T. Ninomiya, T. Hirata, D. Minami, Y. Kato, H. Higo, G. Makimoto, Y. Toyota, N. Oda, M. Nakanishi, H. Kayatani, S. Senoo, H. Kano, H. Watanabe, T. Ando, T. Nakasuka, N. Hara, J. Itano, H. Nakashima, and M. Tabata

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Anaplastic Lymphoma, Receptor, ErbB-2, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Asian People, Japan, Epidermal growth factor, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epidermal growth factor receptor, skin and connective tissue diseases, Prospective cohort study, neoplasms, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Aged, 80 and over, Lung, Oncogene, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Mutation, biology.protein, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a potential driver oncogene. Although HER2-targeted precision therapy has been tested in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the demographic characteristics of HER2-positive NSCLC have not been systematically defined. Methods Patients with pathologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, were prospectively registered. HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were performed to screen patients. HER2 mutations were identified by using direct gene sequencing. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency, characteristics, and outcome of HER2-positive NSCLC. HER2 was defined as positive if the tumor harbored IHC3+, IHC2+/FISH+, or exon 20 insertion mutations. Results Of the 1,126 tumors screened, 34 (3.0%) were IHC3+, and 34 (3.0%) were IHC2+/FISH+. Among the 724 epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type tumors, 21 (2.9%) were HER2-mutant tumors, including A775-G776insYVMA (n = 15). Interestingly, the IHC3+ tumors and mutant tumors were entirely exclusive. Female patients had HER2-mutant tumors more frequently, whereas both IHC3+ and IHC2+/FISH+ tumors were detected more often in male subjects and smokers. Patients with an HER2-aberrant tumor had a significantly worse prognosis than those with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive tumors, possibly due to the low proportion that received HER2-targeted therapies (n = 15 [26%]) and low response rates of 0% and 14% in patients with HER2-overexpressing and HER2-mutant tumors, respectively. Conclusions This prospective large-scale cohort study is the first to show comprehensively the frequency and clinical demographic characteristics of those with HER2-positive advanced lung tumors in detail, providing critical historical data for future drug development against HER2-positive NSCLC. Future treatment strategies would be developed stratified according to the types of HER2 aberrations. Trial Registry UMIN Registration No. 000017003; URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000019691

Published
2019

46. Renal Artery Perfusion Evaluation Before Transplantation via a 3-Dimensional Image Analysis System

Author

T. Yokoyama, Naokazu Chiba, Hitoshi Iwamoto, Shigeyuki Kawachi, Yuki Nakamura, Osamu Konno, Koichi Tomita, and Y. Kihara

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.disease, Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine.artery, Evaluation methods, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Radiology, Renal artery, business, Perfusion, Kidney transplantation
Abstract

Background: The perfusion areas of renal arteries in renal transplantation are assessed via subjective observations during perfusion in a bench surgery; however, this evaluation method lacks reliability and objectivity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the perfusion area of each main and side artery kidney graft using a 3-dimensional (3D) image analysis system. Methods: We enrolled 50 patients who had undergone living kidney transplantation with multiple renal artery grafting at our center between 2005 and 2017. All computed tomography images from donors were retrospectively analyzed using a 3D image analysis system. We then calculated the artery perfusion areas associated with the artery reconstruction method used. Results: The perfusion areas of side arteries, which were evaluated after surgery, were statistically different among cases employing different reconstruction methods (P Conclusion: A 3D image analysis system could provide an accurate visual representation of the vasculature prior to living donor transplantation. It could also enable calculation of perfusion area for each artery and preoperative prediction of the need for arterial reconstruction, thereby promoting safe kidney transplantation surgery.

Published
2019

47. Layer-resolved magnetic moments in N-surfactant assisted FeNi ordered alloy thin films

Author

K. Kawaguchi, T. Miyamachi, T. Gozlinski, T. Iimori, Y. Takahashi, T. Hattori, K. Yamamoto, T. Koitaya, H. Iwayama, O. Ishiyama, E. Nakamura, M. Kotsugi, W. Wulfhekel, T. Yokoyama, and F. Komori

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

We investigated structural and magnetic properties of FeNi ordered alloy thin films grown by nitrogen-surfactant assisted process using scanning tunneling microscopy and soft-X-ray absorption spectroscopy/magnetic circular dichroism. With the help of structurally controlled surface and interface by the N surfactant effect, the results successfully provide the layer-resolved spin magnetic moments of the Fe layer. Furthermore, the critical role of the topmost layer on the magnetic anisotropy is identified from a thickness dependence of the Fe orbital magnetic moment; the out-of-plane magnetization emerges when the Fe–N bonds, which favor the in-plane magnetization, break and the Ni–N bonds form in the NiN topmost layer.

Published
2022

49. Panacea: Visual exploration system for analyzing trends in annual recruitment using time-varying graphs

Author

Masashi Okada, Toshiyuki T. Yokoyama, and Tadahiro Taniguchi

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Economics, Vision, Computer science, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Social Sciences, Graduates, Infographics, Geographical Locations, Japan, Graph drawing, Psychology, Data Management, Multidisciplinary, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Workforce, Educational Status, Medicine, Sensory Perception, Information Technology, Graphs, Specialization, Research Article, Employment, Computer and Information Sciences, Asia, Universities, Relational database, Science, Jobs, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), Panacea (medicine), Databases, Data visualization, Humans, Education, Graduate, Personnel Selection, Human resources, Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, business.industry, Data Visualization, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Usability, Data science, Visualization, Labor Economics, Job Application, People and Places, Cognitive Science, Population Groupings, Perception, business, Neuroscience
Abstract

Annual recruitment data of new graduates are manually analyzed by human resources (HR) specialists in industries, which signifies the need to evaluate the recruitment strategy of HR specialists. Different job seekers send applications to companies every year. The relationships between applicants’ attributes (e.g., English skill or academic credentials) can be used to analyze the changes in recruitment trends across multiple years. However, most attributes are unnormalized and thus require thorough preprocessing. Such unnormalized data hinder effective comparison of the relationship between applicants in the early stage of data analysis. Thus, a visual exploration system is highly needed to gain insight from the overview of the relationship among applicant qualifications across multiple years. In this study, we propose the Polarizing Attributes for Network Analysis of Correlation on Entities Association (Panacea) visualization system. The proposed system integrates a time-varying graph model and dynamic graph visualization for heterogeneous tabular data. Using this system, HR specialists can interactively inspect the relationships between two attributes of prospective employees across multiple years. Further, we demonstrate the usability of Panacea with representative examples for finding hidden trends in real-world datasets, and we discuss feedback from HR specialists obtained throughout Panacea’s development. The proposed Panacea system enables HR specialists to visually explore the annual recruitment of new graduates.

Published
2021

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