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2. Practical metamodel-assisted multi-objective design optimization for improved sustainability and buildability of wind turbine foundations

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón - Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia del Formigó, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción y de Proyectos de Ingeniería Civil - Departament d'Enginyeria de la Construcció i de Projectes d'Enginyeria Civil, AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION, Swedish Transport Administration, European Regional Development Fund, Swedish Wind Power Technology Centre, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Mathern, Alexandre, Penadés-Plà, Vicent, Armesto Barros, Jesús, Yepes, V., Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón - Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia del Formigó, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción y de Proyectos de Ingeniería Civil - Departament d'Enginyeria de la Construcció i de Projectes d'Enginyeria Civil, AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION, Swedish Transport Administration, European Regional Development Fund, Swedish Wind Power Technology Centre, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Mathern, Alexandre, Penadés-Plà, Vicent, Armesto Barros, Jesús, and Yepes, V.

Abstract

[EN] In this work, we study the potential of using kriging metamodelling to perform multi-objective structural design optimization using finite element analysis software and design standards while keeping the computational efforts low. A method is proposed, which includes sustainability and buildability objectives, and it is applied to a case study of reinforced concrete foundations for wind turbines based on data from a large Swedish wind farm project. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of the penalty factor applied to unfeasible solutions and the size of the initial sample generated by Latin hypercube sampling. A multi-objective optimization is then performed to obtain the optimum designs for different weight combinations for the four objectives considered. Results show that the kriging-obtained designs from samples of 20 designs outperform the best designs in the samples of 1000 designs. The optimum designs obtained by the proposed method have a sustainability impact 8¿15% lower than the designs developed by traditional methods.

Published
2022

3. Lubricants impact on cutting forces : Torque reduction in tapping process

Author

Montalva Subirats, José Miguel, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción y de Proyectos de Ingeniería Civil - Departament d'Enginyeria de la Construcció i de Projectes d'Enginyeria Civil, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers Industrials, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Mangiaterra Beltrame, Marco, Montalva Subirats, José Miguel, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción y de Proyectos de Ingeniería Civil - Departament d'Enginyeria de la Construcció i de Projectes d'Enginyeria Civil, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers Industrials, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, and Mangiaterra Beltrame, Marco

Abstract

[ES] Los procesos de mecanizado representan una parte importante de los procesos que se llevan a cabo en la industria manufacturera. Con el fin de reducir el impacto ecológico y los costos operativos, estas empresas se han de volcarse a la mejora continua de sus procesos. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo la mejora de un proceso de brochado para una empresa automotriz. Esta herramienta está construida en HSS y revestida con TiN, forzándose a través de un orificio en la pieza a mecanizar. Debido a los múltiples puntos de corte que actúan simultáneamente, las fuerzas necesarias son muy elevadas. Los bajos valores del ángulo de alivio y la baja velocidad del proceso, conceden al lubricante un papel crítico en el proceso de brochado. Con el fin de estudiar el impacto del lubricante en el proceso de brochado se han simulado las condiciones de este proceso de la forma más fiel posible en un laboratorio mediante un proceso de roscado. Con la finalidad de examinar las fuerzas de corte necesarias y como estas evolucionaban a lo largo del proceso se ha llevado a cabo esta operación mediante el uso de diferentes lubricantes. Los resultados y su análisis han mostrado una influencia de la viscosidad en el proceso. La viscosidad es inversamente proporcional a la capacidad del fluido de acceder a ciertas zonas críticas, aumentando las fuerzas de rozamiento y la generación de virutas largas. Tanto el tamaño de la viruta, como la capacidad del lubricante de evacuarlas han mostrado fuertes influencias en el proceso., [EN] Machining processes are an important part of the manufacturing industry. Those companies are required to continuously improve their processes and make them more efficient, to reduce the ecological impact and operational costs. The aim of this thesis is to improve a circular broaching process for an automotive company. The broaching tool is made from solid HSS and TiN coated, which is pulled through a hole in the workpiece. Due to multiple cutting edges acting simultaneously, the cutting force is high. With a low relief angle of the cutting tool and low cutting speed, the lubricant plays a critical role in the broaching process. The thesis studies different cutting fluids in a laboratory, by simulating the impact of cutting fluids in a broaching process with tapping operations under similar conditions. The torques values and the behaviour of it during the process have been recorded for different lubricants. The lubricants were found to have a strong influence in the torque required and the chip formation. The relation between lubricant viscosity and lubrication performance was studied. In addition, the relation between chip formation and torque behaviour was explored, showing the importance of chip evacuation capacity. The process has been carried out by using different lubricants to examine the required cutting forces and how they evolved throughout the process. The results and the consecutive analysis have shown an influence of the viscosity in the process. The viscosity is inversely proportional to the capacity of the fluid to access certain critical areas, increasing the friction forces and the generation of long chips. Both the chip size and the ability of the lubricant to evacuate have strong influences on the process.

Published
2020

4. ACAULIS5 Is Required for Cytokinin Accumulation and Function During Secondary Growth of Populus Trees

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario Mixto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas - Institut Universitari Mixt de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Research Council Formas, European Regional Development Fund, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Portugal, Milhinhos, Ana, Bollhoner, Benjamin, BLAZQUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MIGUEL ANGEL, Novak, Ondrej, Miguel, Celia M., Tuominen, Hannele, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario Mixto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas - Institut Universitari Mixt de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Research Council Formas, European Regional Development Fund, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Portugal, Milhinhos, Ana, Bollhoner, Benjamin, BLAZQUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MIGUEL ANGEL, Novak, Ondrej, Miguel, Celia M., and Tuominen, Hannele

Abstract

[EN] In the primary root and young hypocotyl of Arabidopsis, ACAULIS5 promotes translation of SUPPRESSOR OF ACAULIS51 (SAC51) and thereby inhibits cytokinin biosynthesis and vascular cell division. In this study, the relationships between ACAULIS5, SAC51 and cytokinin biosynthesis were investigated during secondary growth of Populus stems. Overexpression of ACAULIS5 from the constitutive 35S promoter in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) trees suppressed the expression level of ACAULIS5, which resulted in low levels of the physiologically active cytokinin bases as well as their direct riboside precursors in the transgenic lines. Low ACAULIS5 expression and low cytokinin levels of the transgenic trees coincided with low cambial activity of the stem. ACAULIS5 therefore, contrary to its function in young seedlings in Arabidopsis, stimulates cytokinin accumulation and cambial activity during secondary growth of the stem. This function is not derived from maturing secondary xylem tissues as transgenic suppression of ACAULIS5 levels in these tissues did not influence secondary growth. Interestingly, evidence was obtained for increased activity of the anticlinal division of the cambial initials under conditions of low ACAULIS5 expression and low cytokinin accumulation. We propose that ACAULIS5 integrates auxin and cytokinin signaling to promote extensive secondary growth of tree stems.

Published
2020

5. Phase stability and electronic structure of iridium metal at the megabar range

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Diseño para la Fabricación y Producción Automatizada - Institut de Disseny per a la Fabricació i Producció Automatitzada, Generalitat Valenciana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía y Empresa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Monteseguro, V., Sans-Tresserras, Juan Ángel, Cuartero, V., Cova, F., Abrikosov, I.A., Olovsson, W., Popescu, Catalin, Pascarelli, S., Garbarino, G., Jonsson, H.J.M., Irifune, T., ERRANDONEA, DANIEL, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Diseño para la Fabricación y Producción Automatizada - Institut de Disseny per a la Fabricació i Producció Automatitzada, Generalitat Valenciana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía y Empresa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Monteseguro, V., Sans-Tresserras, Juan Ángel, Cuartero, V., Cova, F., Abrikosov, I.A., Olovsson, W., Popescu, Catalin, Pascarelli, S., Garbarino, G., Jonsson, H.J.M., Irifune, T., and ERRANDONEA, DANIEL

Abstract

[EN] The 5d transition metals have attracted specific interest for high-pressure studies due to their extraordinary stability and intriguing electronic properties. In particular, iridium metal has been proposed to exhibit a recently discovered pressure-induced electronic transition, the so-called core-level crossing transition at the lowest pressure among all the 5d transition metals. Here, we report an experimental structural characterization of iridium by x-ray probes sensitive to both long- and short-range order in matter. Synchrotron-based powder x-ray diffraction results highlight a large stability range (up to 1.4 Mbar) of the low-pressure phase. The compressibility behaviour was characterized by an accurate determination of the pressure-volume equation of state, with a bulk modulus of 339(3) GPa and its derivative of 5.3(1). X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which probes the local structure and the empty density of electronic states above the Fermi level, was also utilized. The remarkable agreement observed between experimental and calculated spectra validates the reliability of theoretical predictions of the pressure dependence of the electronic structure of iridium in the studied interval of compressions.

Published
2019

6. CT-scanning of the drying process of Eucalyptus nitens

Author

Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Couceiro, José, Hansson, Lars, Ambrož, Ahec, Sandberg, Dick, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Couceiro, José, Hansson, Lars, Ambrož, Ahec, and Sandberg, Dick

Abstract

[EN] The drying of Eucalyptus nitens is a troublesome process as the species is extremely prone to drying defects. This paper reports ongoing research to improve the understanding of surface checking and cell collapse in Chilean grown Eucalyptus nitens during drying. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was used as a powerful tool for studying the internal changes in the wood-material during the drying process. Different levels of temperatures have been tested with the same equilibrium moisture content (EMC) conditions and low air velocity. The results confirm that a low drying temperature and a low air velocity, which results in a slow rate of drying, reduce internal cell collapse and surface checking .

Published
2018

7. Cost modelling as decision support when locating manufacturing facilities

Author

Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Windmark, Christina, Andersson, Carin, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Windmark, Christina, and Andersson, Carin

Abstract

[EN] This paper presents a methodology for cost estimation in developing decision supports for production location issues. The purpose is to provide a structured work procedure to be used by practitioners to derive the knowledge needed to make informed decisions on where to locate production. This paper present a special focus on how to integrate cost effects during the decision process. The work procedure and cost models were developed in close collaboration with a group of industrial partners. The result is a structure of cost estimation tools aligned to different steps in the work procedure. The cost models can facilitate both cost estimation for manufacturing a product under new preconditions, including support costs, and cost simulations to analyse the risks of wrong estimations and uncertainties in the input parameters. Future research aims to test the methodology in ongoing transfer projects to further understand difficulties in managing global production systems. In existing models and methods presented in the literature, cost is usually estimated on a too aggregated level to be suitable for decision support regarding production system design. The cost estimation methodology presented here provides new insights on cost driving factors related to the production system.

Published
2016

8. Design of F-Band Transition From Microstrip to Ridge Gap Waveguide Including Monte Carlo Assembly Tolerance Analysis

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, European Research Council, Algaba-Brazález, Astrid, Flygare, Jonas, Yang, Jian, Vassilev, Vessen, Baquero Escudero, Mariano, Kildal, Per-Simon, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, European Research Council, Algaba-Brazález, Astrid, Flygare, Jonas, Yang, Jian, Vassilev, Vessen, Baquero Escudero, Mariano, and Kildal, Per-Simon

Abstract

(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works., This paper describes the design and realization of a transition from a microstrip line to a ridge gap waveguide operating between 95 and 115 GHz. The study includes simulations, measurements, and a Monte Carlo analysis of the assembly tolerances. The purpose of this tolerance study is to identify the most critical misalignments that affect the circuit performance and to provide guidelines about the assembly tolerance requirements for the proposed transition design

Published
2016

9. Geographical Distribution of Ljungan Virus in Small Mammals in Europe

Author

Annapaola Rizzoli, Alessandro Bianchi, Roberto Rosà, Daniele Arnoldi, Claudia Romeo, Mattia Manica, Gert E. Olsson, Heidi C. Hauffe, Fausta Rosso, Anne J. Jääskeläinen, Magnus Magnusson, Anna Obiegala, Chiara Rossi, Carol X. Garzon-Lopez, Birger Hörnfeldt, Cornelia Silaghi, Olli Vapalahti, Frauke Ecke, Valentina Tagliapietra, Andrea L. Miller, Cristina Fevola, Nathalie Charbonnel, Nicola Ferrari, Antti Vaheri, Luca Delucchi, Åke Nordström, Jaroslav Piálek, Lucas A. Wauters, Miriam Maas, Franco Rizzolli, Jukka Niemimaa, Rainer G. Ulrich, Tarja Sironen, Adam Konečný, Michal Stanko, Paolo Pedrini, Liina Voutilainen, Emma L. Gillingham, Heikki Henttonen, Margherita Collini, Duccio Rocchini, Elena Buzan, Matteo Girardi, Ľudovít Ďureje, Stefan Fischer, Mária Kazimírová, Chantal Reusken, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Trento [Trento], Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), University of Primorska, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali = Department of Materials Science [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Cardiff University, Public Health England [London], Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Museo delle Scienze, Department of Virology [Helsinki], Haartman Institute [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Laboratory work was funded by the European Union grant FP7-261504 EDENext - Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe to A.R., H.H., R.G.U., and H.C.H. and by Sigrid Juselius Foundation. Sample collection in Sweden was financed by grants from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (by the National Environmental Monitoring Programme for small rodents and Alvins fond) to B.H., the Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms minne to B.H. and F.E., VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (Verket For Innovations system) (P32060-1) to F.E., the Swedish Research Council Formas (221-2012-1562) to F.E., B.H., and G.O., the National Environmental and Wildlife Monitoring and Assessment program (FoMA, www.slu.se/en/environment) to G.O., and the Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse to M.M., European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), Virology, University of Helsinki, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (National Environmental Monitoring Programme for small rodents and Alvins fond), Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms minne, Vinnova : P32060-1, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Research Council Formas : 221-2012-1562, National Environmental and Wildlife Monitoring and Assessment program (FoMA), and Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Tundra vole, Parechovirus, Zoology, rodent vector, Rodentia, Picornaviridae, Alexandromys, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Crocidura leucodon, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, biology.animal, Animals, reservoir host, bank vole, Settore VET/06 - PARASSITOLOGIA E MALATTIE PARASSITARIE DEGLI ANIMALI, Microtus, Phylogeny, Picornaviridae Infections, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Body Weight, Shrew, Eulipotyphla, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Ljungan virus, Vole, Seasons, GLM, cartogram
Abstract

International audience; Ljungan virus (LV), which belongs to the Parechovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, was first isolated from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in Sweden in 1998 and proposed as a zoonotic agent. To improve knowledge of the host association and geographical distribution of LV, tissues from 1685 animals belonging to multiple rodent and insectivore species from 12 European countries were screened for LV-RNA using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. In addition, we investigated how the prevalence of LV-RNA in bank voles is associated with various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We show that LV is widespread geographically, having been detected in at least one host species in nine European countries. Twelve out of 21 species screened were LV-RNA PCR positive, including, for the first time, the red vole (Myodes rutilus) and the root or tundra vole (Alexandromys formerly Microtus oeconomus), as well as in insectivores, including the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) and the Valais shrew (Sorex antinorii). Results indicated that bank voles are the main rodent host for this virus (overall RT-PCR prevalence: 15.2%). Linear modeling of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could impact LV prevalence showed a concave-down relationship between body mass and LV occurrence, so that subadults had the highest LV positivity, but LV in older animals was less prevalent. Also, LV prevalence was higher in autumn and lower in spring, and the amount of precipitation recorded during the 6 months preceding the trapping date was negatively correlated with the presence of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis on the 185 base pair species-specific sequence of the 5 ' untranslated region identified high genetic diversity (46.5%) between 80 haplotypes, although no geographical or host-specific patterns of diversity were detected.

Published
2020
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10. A mechanistic framework for auxin dependent Arabidopsis root hair elongation to low external phosphate

Author

Ranjan Swarup, Meredith T. Hanlon, Darren M. Wells, Bipin K. Pandey, Anja Hartmann, Richard Traini, Ute Voß, Jeonga Yun, Nicola Leftley, Kamal Swarup, Kathleen M. Brown, Malcolm J. Bennett, Nicolaus von Wirén, Jonathan P. Lynch, Teva Vernoux, Anna Stepanova, Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl, Jose M. Alonso, Anthony Bishopp, Liam Dolan, Jekaterina Truskina, Rahul Bhosale, Karin Ljung, Jitender Giri, Afaf Rashed, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Umea Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, HiLIFE - Institute of Biotechnology [Helsinki] (BI), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/G023972/1 BB/R013748/1 BB/L026848/1 BB/M018431/1 BB/PO16855/1 BB/M001806/1 BB/P010520/1, European Research Council FUTUREROOTS Advanced Investigator grant 294729, Leverhulme Trust RPG-2016-409, Royal SocietyWM130021 NA140281, Newton International Fellowship NF140287, British Council Newton Bhabha 228144076, University of Nottingham Future Food Beacon of Excellence Nottingham Research and PhD+ fellowship schemes, Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program, Belgian Science Policy Office P7/29, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), Swedish Research Council (V.R.), University of Nottingham, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and NSF-MCB1158181

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Science, Mutant, General Physics and Astronomy, Organogenesis, Root hair, Root hair elongation, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Auxin, Arabidopsis, heterocyclic compounds, lcsh:Science, Transcription factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, phosphate, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, integumentary system, auxine, plasticité, Lateral root, fungi, food and beverages, General Chemistry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, croissance cellulaire, Cell biology, racine, arabidopsis, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, plante, lcsh:Q, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Phosphate (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Roots employ adaptive mechanisms to forage for P in soil. Root hair elongation is particularly important since P is immobile. Here we report that auxin plays a critical role promoting root hair growth in Arabidopsis in response to low external P. Mutants disrupting auxin synthesis (taa1) and transport (aux1) attenuate the low P root hair response. Conversely, targeting AUX1 expression in lateral root cap and epidermal cells rescues this low P response in aux1. Hence auxin transport from the root apex to differentiation zone promotes auxin-dependent hair response to low P. Low external P results in induction of root hair expressed auxin-inducible transcription factors ARF19, RSL2, and RSL4. Mutants lacking these genes disrupt the low P root hair response. We conclude auxin synthesis, transport and response pathway components play critical roles regulating this low P root adaptive response.

Published
2018
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11. Brassinosteroid signaling-dependent root responses to prolonged elevated ambient temperature

Author

Martins, Sara, Montiel-Jorda, Alvaro, Cayrel, Anne, Huguet, Stéphanie, Roux, Christine Paysant-Le, Ljung, Karin, Vert, Grégory, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation Cellulaire et Ubiquitination chez les plantes (UBINET), Département Biologie Cellulaire (BioCell), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PhD fellowship from the Saclay Plant Sciences LabEx initiative - French government [ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS], Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02, ANR-13-JSV2-0004-01], Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), Swedish Research Council (VR), Kempestiftelserna, CNRS (ATIP), and Marie Curie Action [PCIG-GA-2012-334021]

Subjects
Microscopy, Confocal, Indoleacetic Acids, Arabidopsis Proteins, Science, Gene Expression Profiling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blotting, Western, fungi, Arabidopsis, Temperature, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, food and beverages, Plants, Genetically Modified, Plant Roots, Article, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Brassinosteroids, Mutation, Protein Kinases, Plant Shoots, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Due to their sessile nature, plants have to cope with and adjust to their fluctuating environment. Temperature elevation stimulates the growth of Arabidopsis aerial parts. This process is mediated by increased biosynthesis of the growth-promoting hormone auxin. How plant roots respond to elevated ambient temperature is however still elusive. Here we present strong evidence that temperature elevation impinges on brassinosteroid hormone signaling to alter root growth. We show that elevated temperature leads to increased root elongation, independently of auxin or factors known to drive temperature-mediated shoot growth. We further demonstrate that brassinosteroid signaling regulates root responses to elevated ambient temperature. Increased growth temperature specifically impacts on the level of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 to downregulate brassinosteroid signaling and mediate root elongation. Our results establish that BRI1 integrates temperature and brassinosteroid signaling to regulate root growth upon long-term changes in environmental conditions associated with global warming., Moderate heat stimulates the growth of Arabidopsis shoots in an auxin-dependent manner. Here, Martins et al. show that elevated ambient temperature modifies root growth by reducing the BRI1 brassinosteroid-receptor protein level and downregulating brassinosteroid signaling.

Published
2017
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12. Lactulose challenge determines visceral sensitivity and severity of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel Syndrome

Author

Julien Tap, Rémi Brazeilles, Lena Öhman, Boris Le Nevé, Magnus Simren, Denis Guyonnet, Muriel Derrien, Hans Törnblom, Groupe DANONE, MetaGenoPolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (GU), Swedish Medical Research Council [13409, 21691, 21692], Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, University of Gothenburg, Centre for Person-Centered Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova), and Danone Research (grant)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carbohydrate, Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gastroenterology, Severity of Illness Index, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, Lactulose, Feces, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Functional gastrointestinal disorder, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Young adult, Prospective cohort study, Gastrointestinal Transit, Irritable bowel syndrome, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder, Hepatology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Barostat, Biota, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Breath Tests, Research Tool, Fermentation, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Visceral Hypersensitivity, business, Methane, medicine.drug, Hydrogen
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be assigned to groups with different gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms based on results from a combined nutrient and lactulose challenge. We aimed to identify factors that predict outcomes to this challenge and to determine whether this can be used in noninvasive assessment of visceral sensitivity in patients with IBS. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 100 patients with IBS diagnosed according to Rome III criteria (all subtypes) and seen at a secondary or tertiary care center. After an overnight fast, subjects were given a liquid breakfast (400 mL; Nutridrink) that contained 25 g lactulose. Before the challenge, we assessed visceral sensitivity (via rectal barostat), oro-anal transit time, and fecal microbiota composition (via 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing); we determined IBS severity using questionnaires. The intensity of 8 GI symptoms, the level of digestive comfort, and the amount of exhaled H-2 and CH4 in breath were measured before and during a 4-hour period after the liquid breakfast. RESULTS: Based on the intensity of 8 GI symptoms and level of digestive comfort during the challenge, patients were assigned to groups with high-intensity GI symptoms (HGS; n = 39) or low-intensity GI symptoms (LGS; n [ 61); patients with HGS had more severe IBS (P

Published
2016
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13. The epidermis coordinates auxin-induced stem growth in response to shade

Author

Yogev Burko, Karin Ljung, Jeff A. Long, Joanne Chory, Carl Procko, Yvon Jaillais, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, NIH-National Cancer Institute Cancer Center P30 014195, Chapman Foundation, Helmsley Charitable Trust, NSF DBI-0735191 DBI-1265383, National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1F32GM101876-01, NIH GM52413 GM94428, National Science Foundation (NSF) EAGER grant IOS-1045256, Swedish Research Council (VR),Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, 01 natural sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Hypocotyl, Plant Epidermis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Brassinosteroid, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Brassica rapa, Nuclear Proteins, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, Cell biology, Sunlight, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Signal transduction, Corrigendum, Signal Transduction, Biotechnology, Cell type, stem growth, 03 medical and health sciences, Shade avoidance, Auxin, epidermis, Brassinosteroids, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, shade avoidance, Epidermis (botany), Indoleacetic Acids, Arabidopsis Proteins, Gene Expression Profiling, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, fungi, Plant, biology.organism_classification, Stem Cell Research, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, brassinosteroid, Mutation, auxin, 010606 plant biology & botany, Transcription Factors, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Growth of a complex multicellular organism requires coordinated changes in diverse cell types. These cellular changes generate organs of the correct size, shape, and functionality. In plants, the growth hormone auxin induces stem elongation in response to shade; however, which cell types of the stem perceive the auxin signal and contribute to organ growth is poorly understood. Here, we blocked the transcriptional response to auxin within specific tissues to show that auxin signaling is required in many cell types for correct hypocotyl growth in shade, with a key role for the epidermis. Combining genetic manipulations in Arabidopsis thaliana with transcriptional profiling of the hypocotyl epidermis from Brassica rapa, we show that auxin acts in the epidermis in part by inducing activity of the locally acting, growth-promoting brassinosteroid pathway. Our findings clarify cell-specific auxin function in the hypocotyl and highlight the complexity of cell type interactions within a growing organ.

Published
2016
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14. Categories of learning-oriented leadership: a potential contribution to the school context

Author

Lena Wilhelmson, Marianne Döös, and Vinnova (The Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Neuroleadership, Servant leadership, Shared leadership, Leadership, Education, Educational leadership, Leadership studies, Transactional leadership, Pedagogy, Leadership style, action, learning-oriented leadership, pedagogical leadership, principal, managerial influence, pedagogic interventions, work-integrated learning, Psychology, media_common
Abstract

This paper presents knowledge about learning-oriented leadership as part of managers’ daily work. The aim is to contribute findings from an empirical study in the software communication industry and discuss their potential contribution to leadership in the school context. Through an empirical and learning-theory-based analysis of managerial acts of influence, learning-oriented leadership is suggested as an analytical concept. In the educational leadership literature concerning instructional, pedagogic or learner-centred leadership, the interpretation of each concept is shifting and thus unstable. The studying of a non-school empirical context contributes to an analytical separation of the pedagogical leadership task from the pedagogical core task, which may be useful when returning to the school context. The learning-oriented categorisation of managerial acts of influence presents different routes for managers – including school principals – to intervene in their employees’ learning and competence on both individual and collective levels. Here, we offer an alternative suggestion for how to understand what principals do to influence the work in their organisations. Keywords: action; learning-oriented leadership; pedagogical leadership; principal; managerial influence; pedagogic interventions; work-integrated learning (Published: 11 December 2015) Citation: NordSTEP 2015, 1: 30161 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/nstep.v1.30161

Published
2015

15. Development of the Poplar-Laccaria bicolor Ectomycorrhiza Modifies Root Auxin Metabolism, Signaling, and Response

Author

Annegret Kohler, Judith Felten, Valérie Legué, Karin Ljung, Alice Vayssières, Francis Martin, Ales Pěnčík, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Labex ARBRE ANR-11-LBX-002-01, European Commission FP7-211917, Plant-Microbe Interactions Project, Genomic Science Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological, and Environmental Research DE AC05-00OR22725, CNES, INRA, Region de Lorraine, European Fund for Regional Development, Universite de Lorraine, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, Swedish Research Council, Kempe Foundation, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Response element, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Auxin, Laccaria bicolor, Botany, Gene expression, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, heterocyclic compounds, Mycelium, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Lateral root, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Ectomycorrhiza, chemistry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Pièce jointe avec DATA; International audience; Root systems of host trees are known to establish ectomycorrhizae (ECM) interactions with rhizospheric fungi. This mutualistic association leads to dramatic developmental modifications in root architecture, with the formation of numerous short and swollen lateral roots ensheathed by a fungal mantle. Knowing that auxin plays a crucial role in root development, we investigated how auxin metabolism, signaling, and response are affected in poplar (Populus spp.)-Laccaria bicolor ECM roots. The plant-fungus interaction leads to the arrest of lateral root growth with simultaneous attenuation of the synthetic auxin response element DR5. Measurement of auxin-related metabolites in the free-living partners revealed that the mycelium of L. bicolor produces high concentrations of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Metabolic profiling showed an accumulation of IAA and changes in the indol-3-pyruvic acid-dependent IAA biosynthesis and IAA conjugation and degradation pathways during ECM formation. The global analysis of auxin response gene expression and the regulation of AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN5, AUXIN/IAA, and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR expression in ECM roots suggested that symbiosis-dependent auxin signaling is activated during the colonization by L. bicolor. Taking all this evidence into account, we propose a model in which auxin signaling plays a crucial role in the modification of root growth during ECM formation.

Published
2015
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