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Employee participation is essential to organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related environmental initiatives (EIs). Employees’ attitudes to participating in pro-environmental behaviors are addressed in workplace literature drawing upon the theory of planned behavior. However, antecedents to employees’ attitude formation, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of participating in EIs, have not been adequately researched. Greater understanding of EI attitude formation can support efforts to foster EI participation. This study explores employees’ perceptions of EI costs and benefits to employees personally, to their organization, and to society by applying goal framing theory. A sample of 120 survey participants described 150 initiatives and identified personal, organizational, and societal costs and benefits of the EIs. Cost and benefit categories are presented along with a taxonomy and themes. The findings of this study provide a reference point for researchers and managers in understanding how employees view EIs and how employees might be encouraged to participate.

Controversies are a potentially powerful teaching tool in the management classroom enabling students to explore different perspectives on an issue and to develop their skills in areas such as critical thinking and communication. Controversy is implicit to learning and to leadership and management roles in workplaces where multiple opposing views inevitably exist. Prior research asserts that constructive controversy resolution skills are important to management students. This multipart study presents a model and measure of controversy teaching approaches and explores evidence of their reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis and correlations with relevant outcomes and measures. The three studies, with samples of management and leadership students across several U.S. institutions, provide initial evidence of the validity of the model and measure. Multiple perspectives and avoidance were found to be underlying dimensions of instructors’ observed approaches to teaching controversial topics. The controversy teaching approaches model and measure used in this study have potential to support instructional development for management educators, as well as further research on controversy teaching. This study also has practical implications for how instructors approach controversies in the classroom and may aid effective teaching and learning.

BACKGROUND Burns are common childhood injuries which can lead to serious physical and psychological outcomes. Although appropriate first aid can significantly reduce the pain and severity these injuries, we know that many parents’ knowledge of appropriate burn first aid is inadequate. Parents increasingly seek health advice online, thus social media conversations provide a potential source of insight to aid the design and evaluation of burn first aid interventions for parents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the feasibility of finding, accessing and analysing parent burn first aid conversations on social media with a view to informing intervention research. METHODS A parent focus group and survey informed initial identification of social media platforms, and accessibility was investigated according to practical and ethical parameters. A taxonomy of search terms was collated and a search strategy was devised for each of the following platforms: Facebook, Mumsnet, Netmums, Twitter, Reddit and YouTube. Data were extracted from each platform and filtered to remove irrelevant content using word embeddings, topic modelling and manual selection in succession. Filtered data was analysed according to amount of data available from each platform and how this data was distributed through time. Burn first aid conversations were described in terms of length of conversation, number of participants, and the purpose of the initial post (e.g. asking for or offering advice). Burn type and frequency of key word occurrence was also compared between platforms. RESULTS It was not feasible to access Facebook parenting groups, and the Facebook pages and Reddit subreddits we searched did not return relevant data. However, Mumsnet, Netmums, YouTube and Twitter were all accessible and returned relevant data on burn first aid. The amount of available data varied across platforms and through time. Sunburn was identified as a topic across all four platforms. Conversation initiation was predominantly for the purpose of seeking advice on the parenting fora Mumsnet and Netmums (96.6% and 100.0% of initial posts respectively), whereas YouTube and Twitter were chiefly offering advice (94.8% and 64.0% respectively). Contact burns and sunburn were the most frequent burn types that Mumsnet (31.9% and 24.5% respectively) Netmums (8.0% and 56.0% respectively) users asked for advice about. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a suite of bespoke search strategies, tailored to a range of social media platforms, for the extraction and analysis of burn first aid conversation data. Our methodology provides a template for other topics not conveniently identified by a specific word or hashtag. YouTube and Twitter show potential utility in measuring advice offered before and after interventions, and extending the reach of messaging. Mumsnet and Netmums present the best opportunity for informing burn first aid intervention design via in-depth qualitative investigation into parents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. CLINICALTRIAL NA

PurposeMany higher education institutions have not invested in leadership succession planning despite suggestions for such action. In this article, the authors discuss the relevance of succession planning to the senior levels of leadership in higher education institutions, proposing that the role of succession planning and accompanying leadership development must be carefully considered based on the internal and external context of an institution. The authors present a modified model of succession planning for the higher education context.Design/methodology/approachThis article includes arguments for and against succession planning and leadership development in higher education using relevant literature and theory.FindingsThe literature reviewed highlights the need for each educational institution to find its own optimized mix of external hiring and internal succession planning and leadership development to replace outgoing leaders based upon factors such as the institution's culture, needs, external environment, talent pool, and levels of leadership.Originality/valueThis article makes a unique contribution by questioning succession planning's utility in higher education and guiding practitioners and researchers on the risks and benefits of such practices. The article also provides a model to guide selective implementation of succession planning.

Remote oral doctoral dissertation defenses are an alternative to face-to-face meetings when the latter are not feasible, but remote defenses also have their own advantages. This article explores the challenges and benefits of remote oral dissertation defenses and theories relevant to understanding and supporting remote defenses as a unique learning and assessment event. Drawing on the technology pedagogy content knowledge model, remote work research, and media synchronicity theory, we review key principles relevant to translating defenses from a face-to-face to a remote format. The article includes two appendices with recommended readings and detailed practical guidelines to support the planning and facilitation of remote defenses.

Aim: To quantify the impact of the 2019-2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity by assessing burnt area across 26,062 species ranges and the effects of fire history on recovery potential. Further, to exemplify a strategic approach to prioritizing plant species affected by fire for recovery actions and conservation planning at a national scale. Location: Australia. Methods: We combine data on geographic range, fire extent, response traits and fire history to assess the proportion of species ranges burnt in both the 2019-2020 fires and the past. Results: Across Australia, suitable habitat for 69% of all plant species was burnt (17,197 species) by the 2019-2020 fires and herbarium specimens confirm the presence of 9,092 of these species across the fire extent since 1950. Burnt ranges include those of 587 plants listed as threatened under national legislation (44% of Australia's threatened plants). A total of 3,998 of the 17,197 fire-affected species are known to resprout after fire, but at least 2,928 must complete their entire life cycle - from germinant to reproducing adult - prior to subsequent fires, as they are killed by fire. Data on previous fires show that, for 257 species, the historical intervals between fire events across their range are likely too short to allow regeneration. For a further 411 species, future fires during recovery will increase extinction risk as current populations are dominated by immature individuals. Main conclusion: Many Australian plant species have strategies to persist under certain fire regimes, and will recover given time, suitable conditions and low exposure to threats. However, short fire intervals both before and after the 2019-2020 fire season pose a serious risk to the recovery of at least 595 species. Persistent knowledge gaps about species fire response and post-fire population persistence threaten the effective long-term management of Australian vegetation in an increasingly pyric world.

Workplace demographic changes and evidence of religious discrimination suggest that management educators should prepare students for multi-faith workplaces. However, quantitative research is lacking on the impact of courses designed to prepare students for multifaith workplaces or organizations where spirituality is expressed. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a two-hour online lesson on leadership, religion, and spirituality on undergraduate students’ perceptions of the topic in pre-, post-, and eight-week post-lesson surveys. Two factors emerged representing students’ perceptions. Changes in interest and openness to learning about leadership, religion, and spirituality were sustained over eight weeks. Changes in fear or apprehension about engaging this topic in the classroom or workplace were transient, decreasing initially, but returning to pre-lesson levels at eight weeks. This study’s findings suggest that a single lesson shows potential to increase students’ openness and interest in learning about the intersection of leadership, religion, and spirituality.

In this article and the accompanying video of André Delbecq, readers gain a glimpse of his respectful, hospitable posture towards others in the multi-faith classroom and workplace. The video provides the viewer with evidence of André’s wisdom and insight into the importance of listening and being hospitable to those of other faiths (or non-faiths), including his approach to this topic in higher education. The article includes a review of his writings throughout his career demonstrating that his respect for all members of a diverse community since his earliest work.

André Delbecq is remembered as a pioneer for his groundbreaking courses on spirituality for executive leaders. He generously shared his experiences with other educators in multiple presentations and articles beginning in the late 1990s. His writings provide insight into the content of his classes and practical teaching approach in the classroom. In this article and the accompanying video, edited from an interview with André in 2015, we provide an overview of André’s entry into teaching management, spirituality, and religion, and we reflect on his teaching philosophy. The video provides the reader with a glimpse of André’s warmth, passion, and wisdom on this topic. His work and approach stand as a guiding light for those similarly interested in preparing leaders for the spiritual challenges of leadership roles.

We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge., Measurement(s)plant traitTechnology Type(s)digital curationSample Characteristic - OrganismViridiplantaeSample Characteristic - LocationAustralia Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14545755

Purpose Spiritual topics emerge in executive leadership coaching. However, the scholarly literature has emphasized the performance development aspects of executive coaching (EC) more than the development of executives’ inner lives, although there is some evidence of practitioners addressing spiritual topics. Executive leaders have spiritual needs and executive coaches may be well positioned to address the intersection of the leaders’ work and spiritual lives, provided coaches observe skill boundaries and the limitations of the coaching context. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the merits of including spiritual development (SDev) in EC and how executive coaches can incorporate it in their practice. Design/methodology/approach EC, SDev and spiritual direction are compared, drawing attention to conflicting and complementary aspects of SDev applied in EC. Organizations’, clients’ and coaches’ likely concerns about such integration are explored and addressed. Suitable contexts, principles, a basic developmental framework and practical steps for executive coaches considering the inclusion of SDev in EC are proposed. Findings The paper provides coaches, consultants, executives and those charged with executive development with a foundational understanding of the role of SDev in EC. Originality/value A framework is provided for professionals involved in executive management development to address executive leaders’ spiritual needs through EC.

Purpose This paper aims to understand water and wastewater industry leaders’ perceptions of the current and future role of workplace spirituality, including the challenges and benefits of incorporating workplace spirituality in government utilities. Design/methodology/approach The Delphi technique was used to gather input and gain consensus from an expert panel of executive level managers. Findings The panel achieved consensus that workplace spirituality is evident in a higher sense of purpose for those working in the water and wastewater industry which is likely to be the greatest future benefit of workplace spirituality in the industry. Other central themes included making a positive environmental impact, going beyond compliance, collaborating with the community, creating a connection to peers and encouraging organizational belonging. Consensus was also achieved regarding obstacles to workplace spirituality’s future role in the industry, including concerns about terminology and the need for supportive leadership. Practical implications The water and wastewater industry face challenges including climate change, rising costs, aging infrastructure, increased regulatory requirements and a rapidly changing workforce. Workplace spirituality seems likely to support the industry in facing these challenges and can be promoted through encouraging a sense of purpose and meaning, collaborating with the community and recruiting individuals with resonant values and sense of calling. Originality/value Workplace spirituality has received growing attention in the private sector. However, workplace spirituality research in the public sector is minimal. This expert panel of top leaders from US water and wastewater agencies provide insight into the role of workplace spirituality in the public sector.

The IUCN Red List criteria are a globally accepted method of assessing species extinction risk, and countries around the world are adapting these criteria for domestic use. First, we compared trends in IUCN Red List criteria used in threatened plant species listings in Australia and globally. Second, using the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, as a study region, we conducted two complementary analyses: (1) An assessment of ~ 5000 currently unlisted NSW plant species against the thresholds for the geographic range criterion (Criterion B) to identify species which may require full assessment; and (2) A rapid assessment of currently listed threatened plant species, applying the IUCN Red List Critically Endangered thresholds for all criteria, to identify species likely to be at the highest risk of extinction from further decline. Impacts on these species could be considered to be “serious and irreversible impacts” (SAII). Geographic range size was the most common criterion used in Australia and globally for plant listings. Our assessment of unlisted NSW plant species revealed 92 species (75 endemic to NSW) met the geographic range thresholds for Critically Endangered. Our rapid assessments of currently listed NSW threatened plant species identified 53.5% as having an extremely high risk of extinction should further decline occur. Of these, most were flagged under Criterion B (88.8%). Geographic range and the other IUCN Red List criteria thresholds for Critically Endangered provide a useful framework to identify species at an extremely high risk of extinction from ongoing decline.

The impacts of climate change on future river flows are a growing concern. Typically, impacts are simulated by driving hydrological models with climate model ensemble data. The U.K. Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) provided probabilistic projections, enabling a risk‐based approach to decision‐making under climate change. Recently, an update was released—UKCP18—so there is a need for information on how impacts may differ. The probabilistic projections from UKCP18 and UKCP09 are here applied using the change factor method with catchment‐based hydrological modelling for 10 catchments across England. Projections of changes in median, mean, high, and low flows are made for the 2050s, using the A1B emissions scenario from UKCP09 and UKCP18 as well as the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios from UCKP18. The results show that, in all catchments for all flow measures, the central estimate of change under UKCP18 is similar to that from UKCP09 (A1B emissions). However, the probabilistic uncertainty ranges from UKCP18 are, in all cases, greater than from UKCP09, despite UKCP18 having a smaller ensemble size than UKCP09. Although there are differences between the central estimates of change using UKCP18 RCP4.5, RCP8.5 and A1B emissions, there is considerable overlap in the uncertainty ranges. The results suggest that existing assessments of hydrological impacts remain relevant, though it will be necessary to evaluate sensitive decisions using the latest projections. The analysis will aid development of advice to users of current guidance based on UKCP09 and help make decisions about the prioritization of further hydrological impacts work using UKCP18, which should also apply other products from UKCP18 like the 12‐km regional data.

The United States has concurrently experienced changing religious demographics, an increase in religious discrimination charges, and a growing interest by scholars in the role of spirituality and faith in the workplace. Yet there is little empirical research to inform management educators about the competencies HR professionals (HRPs) need to work in religiously and spiritually diverse organizations. HRPs are likely be at the frontline of organizations’ attempts to respond and adapt to these trends. In this exploratory study, a panel identified future scenarios relevant to HRPs working in religiously and spiritually diverse US workplaces as well as the competencies needed to address the scenarios. Three rounds of qualitative data from an expert panel and an iterative analysis process yielded: 1) likely scenarios and challenges HRPs will face related to spiritual and religious diversity and expression in the workplace; and 2) competencies needed by HRPs in response to these challenges. The results provide guidance to management educators on curricular choices. In addition, approaches to including these competencies in management education courses and programs are presented.

Iranians have settled in a number of areas in the United States, especially Southern California and Texas, and experience substantial prejudice as a result of perceptions of their religion and national origin. This study explored the relationship between Iranian immigrant parents’ acculturation and the level of conflict they experience with their U.S.-born children. A survey was used to collect data from a sample of 100 first-generation Iranian immigrant parents living in Orange County, CA, with children aged 11–22 years. Parent-acculturation levels were expected to predict parent–child conflicts (PCCs) resulting from potential acculturation gaps between children and parents. Results demonstrated a moderate positive relationship between Iranian cultural involvement and PCC and a weak negative relationship between American cultural involvement and PCC. The effects of various demographic variables were also considered. Results show higher PCC levels among lower income families, suggesting a need for support from schools, counselors, or other institutions.

This article describes an exploratory qualitative case study of information sharing among cybersecurity professionals in the critical U.S. electrical power industry. Drawing on organizational information processing theory, this study examined how information related to cybersecurity related threats and response alternatives was accessed and shared in the participants’ organizations and within their broader industry network. In-depth interviews of 13 participants from 10 organizations were conducted to identify the nature of information sharing, the networks used to access the information, and changes that could improve information sharing between cybersecurity professionals and their organizations. The study found that information sharing networks exist at interpersonal, company-to-company, and company-to-multicompany levels of analysis. The role of trust in forming these networks was notable, as was the role of certain communication media, particularly threat briefings, testing exercises, and cybersecurity mutual assistance planning. The study found that certain types of network actors, such as law enforcement agencies, had strong relationship ties with the utility companies, while other actor types had weak or nonexistent ties. The implications for critical infrastructure protection are discussed.

This Meet the Person article presents a synthesis of two interviews with André Delbecq, senior fellow at the Ignatian Center for Jesuit Education and professor of management at the Leavey School of Business at Santa Clara University. André was a pioneering researcher in a number of areas of management scholarship such as group decision-making (e.g., the Nominal Group Technique) and managing innovation and change, with a career extending over 58 years. He experienced a shift in his late career toward the study of executive leaders’ spirituality. In the interviews, André talked of that shift, providing an inspiring example of a successful career transition, as well as his personal insight on venturing into new areas of research. André’s career is an example of engaged scholarship, academic researcher development, and the decentered academic product.

Vegetation is composed of many individual species whose climatic tolerances can be integrated into spatial analyses of climate change risk. Here, we quantify climate change risk to vegetation at a continental scale by calculating the safety margins for warming and drying (i.e., tolerance to projected change in temperature and precipitation respectively) across plants sharing 100 km × 100 km grid cells (locations). These safety margins measure how much warmer, or drier, a location could become before its ‘typical’ species exceeds its observed climatic limit. We also analyse the potential adaptive capacity of vegetation to temperature and precipitation change (i.e., likelihood of in situ persistence) using median precipitation and temperature breadth across all species in each location. 47% of vegetation across Australia is potentially at risk from increases in mean annual temperature (MAT) by 2070, with tropical regions most vulnerable. Vegetation at high risk from climate change often also exhibited low adaptive capacity. By contrast, 2% of the continent is at risk from reductions in annual precipitation by 2070. Risk from precipitation change was isolated to the southwest of Western Australia where both the safety margin for drier conditions in the typical species is low, and substantial reductions in MAP are projected.

Potential future increases in flooding due to climate change need to be taken into consideration when designing flood defences or planning new infrastructure or housing developments. Existing guidance on climate change allowances in Great Britain was based on research that developed a sensitivity-based approach to estimating the impacts of climate change on flood peaks, which was applied with catchment-based hydrological models. Here, the sensitivity-based approach is applied with a national-scale grid-based hydrological model, producing modelled flood response surfaces for every river cell on a 1 km grid. This provides a nationally consistent assessment of the sensitivity of flood peaks across Britain to climatic changes. The flood response surfaces are then combined with the most recent climate change projections, UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18), to provide location-specific information on the potential range of impacts on floods across the country, for three flood return periods, three future time-slices and four emissions scenarios. An accompanying web-tool provides a convenient way to explore the large amount of data produced. Consideration is now being given to how to use the latest work to update guidance on climate change and flood peaks, including a workshop held to gather stakeholder views.

The communication of information relevant to strategic human resource management (SHRM) has the potential to support SHRM implementation and should be reflected in the activity of an organisation's inter- and intra-organisational communication networks as forms of organisational information processing. This multiple case study examined SHRM implementation levels in a sample of oil and gas companies with the aim of examining the extent to which communication flows reflect the level of SHRM implementation. The case studies showed similarly low levels of SHRM-related communication and SHRM implementation, suggesting the need for further research to explore this relationship. The authors propose that SHRM-related communication could be an additional factor in assessing SHRM implementation levels and that organisational design must be considered in understanding low levels of SHRM-related communication.

Airframe surface heating by gas turbine plume is an ongoing issue in aerospace applications. This paper presents the practicability of a smaller scale system based on a micro gas turbine which offers verisimilitude and realism to the actual airframe surface heating by a full scale engine exhaust plume flow. A thin flat plate made from 7075-T6 aluminium alloy was placed at X = 7D downstream of the nozzle exit of the gas turbine. Nozzle exit flow temperature ranged from 850 K to 920 K and Reynolds number over the sample plate ranged from 3.8 × 104 to 2.6 × 105. The average Nusselt number was found to be correlated to CRe m Pr n with m = 0.42, n = 0.33, C = 0.094 for parallel plume flow over the sample plate at X = 7D and Z = 0D. It was also found that coefficient C can be scaled by velocity magnitude ratio with respect to the plume centre if the sample was positioned away from the centre of the jet plume. Heat transfer by infrared radiation was found to be less than 2% compared to the overall heat flux.

It is recognised in the existing economic literature that income tax withholding arrangements, near-universally adopted in higher-income economies, reduce the salience (or visibility) of tax payments, compared with self-reporting arrangements in which individuals file a tax return directly. However, traditional economic models, and existing reference-dependent preference models, fail to account for this effect. This paper exploits an individual’s labour choice decision to model this phenomenon via reference-dependent preferences, varying the reference point across the respective systems. Withholding is framed as a gain in net income, whereas self-reporting is framed as a loss against gross income. A survey experiment, adapting a design by Abeler et al. (Am Econ Rev, 101(2): 470-492, 2011), is then utilised, in which subjects choose between rewards framed as above, to examine the existence of this effect. For the same net reward, subjects state a higher mean effort under self-reporting, and effort appears to cluster according to the predicted use of reference-dependent preferences. Thus salience appears to play a significant role in labour responses to tax remittance methods.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore working students’ perspectives on the inclusion of spiritual topics in graduate leadership and management programs at secular, nonreligious, and multifaith universities. The growth in interest in spiritual issues at work and in leadership and management education suggests that spiritual topics have a role to play in leadership and management education, but this has not been systematically researched from a student perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 128 graduate students in leadership and management programs were surveyed using a 22-item rating scale-based questionnaire, with three additional open-ended items. Questions were developed from a survey of the literature. Findings – Descriptive analysis suggests support for the inclusion of spiritual components in courses but emphasizes students’ desire for an unbiased learning experience. Factor analysis not only revealed student perceptions being influenced by openness to and interest in the topic but also identified concern or fear when engaging others in the educational context. Analysis of qualitative results supported the quantitative findings but provided a richer understanding of students’ perceptions of benefits (e.g. diversity awareness) and concerns (e.g. student and instructor bias). Practical implications – This research suggests a role for spiritual topics in management and leadership programs, with appropriate caution, classroom facilitation skill and control of bias by instructors. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic exploration of students’ perspectives on the inclusion of spirituality in graduate leadership and management programs.

The purpose of this study was to explore faculty views on the inclusion of spiritual topics in graduate leadership and management programs, focusing on faculty experiences, perceived benefits and challenges, and teaching methods and principles in use. We interviewed twelve faculty members in leadership or management programs from eleven nonsectarian universities. Participants discussed eight benefits including the opportunity for whole person growth and skill development that would benefit leaders in a global workplace. Eight barriers to such inclusion were identified such as proselytizing and the misuse of power. The sampled instructors also made some suggestions for how to include spirituality topics, such as using respected resources and linking classroom discussions to practice. Overall, instructors' preference for including spiritual topics also varied in terms of explicit versus implicit and organic-emergent versus preplanned-structured approaches.

Executive coaching (EC) has been recognized as an essential practice to support executive leaders’ development. However, there has also been a growing interest in the role of religion and spiritual...

Sclerostin is a potent inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis. Interestingly, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients have high levels of circulating sclerostin that correlate with disease stage and fractures. However, the source and impact of sclerostin in MM remains to be defined. Our goal was to determine the role of sclerostin in the biology of MM and its bone microenvironment as well as investigate the effect of targeting sclerostin with a neutralizing antibody (scl-Ab) in MM bone disease. Here we confirm increased sclerostin levels in MM compared with precursor disease states like monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM. Furthermore, we found that a humanized MM xenograft mouse model bearing human MM cells (NOD-SCID.CB17 male mice injected intravenously with 2.5 million of MM1.S-Luc-GFP cells) demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of mouse-derived sclerostin, suggesting a microenvironmental source of sclerostin. Associated with the increased sclerostin levels, activated β-catenin expression levels were lower than normal in MM mouse bone marrow. Importantly, a high-affinity grade scl-Ab reversed osteolytic bone disease in this animal model. Because scl-Ab did not demonstrate significant in vitro anti-MM activity, we combined it with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Our data demonstrated that this combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor burden and improved bone disease in our in vivo MM mouse model. In agreement with our in vivo data, sclerostin expression was noted in marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts of MM patient bone marrow samples. Moreover, MM cells stimulated sclerostin expression in immature osteoblasts while inhibiting osteoblast differentiation in vitro. This was in part regulated by Dkk-1 secreted by MM cells and is a potential mechanism contributing to the osteoblast dysfunction noted in MM. Our data confirm the role of sclerostin as a potential therapeutic target in MM bone disease and provides the rationale for studying scl-Ab combined with proteasome inhibitors in MM. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Though trauma survivors sometimes emerge as leaders in prosocial causes related to their previous negative or traumatic experiences, little is known about this transition, and limited guidance is available for survivors who hope to make prosocial contributions. To understand what enables trauma-inspired prosocial leadership development, the transition narratives of seven trauma-inspired leaders who varied by global region, primary language, gender, ethnicity, religion, trauma type, and leadership area were analyzed. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in an exploratory study, participants’ transitional journeys were examined through analysis of their autobiographies. Critical findings included frequent references by all participants to perspective enlargement (reframing a problem or context) and resilience to the negative, apathetic, or retaliatory responses to the mission (possibly learned through resilience to trauma itself). This study explores posttraumatic leadership conceptually and makes suggestions for leadership development among trauma-inspired survivors.

This project seeks to lead First Baptist Church, Centerton, Arkansas, to understand, accept, and act upon their responsibility of reaching the growing international community living in the Northwest Arkansas region. Chapter 1 introduces the need to reach and assimilate internationals into the life and ministry of First Baptist Centerton. Chapter 2 gives a biblical and theological basis for evangelism by examining the commissions of Jesus found in the gospels, as well as a culmination text in Revelation. Chapter 3 deals with theoretical and practical issues associated with evangelism. Chapter 4 describes the details of the project. Chapter 5 evaluates the results of the project, including personal reflections on the project.