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The construction of an all-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate employing a reflecting semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is proposed in this article. By establishing fields such as quantum computing, optical quantum computing, quantum-dot cellular automata, and superconducting flux logic family, quantum gates have been proved to perform reliably in the present day. A nonzero-mass electron, on the other hand, moves far slower than a quantum particle with zero rest mass, such as a photon. Photons can also be utilized to store data while being sent. These photon qualities have motivated researchers to create quantum gates in the all-optical domain based on them. The RSOA-based implementation of the Toffoli gate gives a significant improvement in the case of high speed, low power, and fast switching time. MATLAB Simulink (R2018a) software is used to simulate the devised design. The theoretical prediction is satisfied by the simulation results.

Reversible gate has been one of the emerging research areas that ensure continual process of innovation trends that explore and utilizes the resources. Due to the increasing power consumption of electronic circuits, it has been observed that quantum computing is one of its latest applications. This technology can be utilized by reducing the energy consumption by preserving the bits of information that are still useful. A photon has zero rest mass, while an electron has a nonzero rest mass. These characteristics inspired the researchers to develop an all-optical Fredkin gate. The proposed gate design overcomes the shortcomings of conventional Fredkin gates and provides better performance.

This manuscript is an attempt to design all-optical reversible arithmetic logic unit. Reversibility will not only help in reducing the errors at the receiving end, but also will increase the multitasking of the optical processors by reducing heat dissipation. At the receiving end of an optical network, conversion of data from optical to electrical takes place for the processing purpose. This kind of processing of data dissipates huge amount of energy in form of heat. This problem can be solved by developing optical processing unit. This manuscript proposed the solution for above-said problem. This kind of processors will simplify the processing by eliminating optoelectronic conversion, but it will also minimize the problem of heat dissipation. The value of average quality factor for this proposed model is 59.98 dB, while the average extinction ratio is 21.26 dB. Optical cost for this proposed model is 4.

NOX(NO, NO2) is one of the most hazardous gases for the environment as well as human health. In this research, NOX(NO, NO2) gas sensor is fabricated by using a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film. The study explored the impact of sensing layer thickness variations on gas sensing. In this work sensing response is analyzed at different thicknesses and the optimum thickness for better response. For the given samples with 355 nm optimum thickness at 180 °C optimal operating temperature, it is discovered that the sensing response with bare ZnO thin film increased dramatically from 0.1 to 8.6. The analysis has been carried out at different detecting surface thicknesses for the gas concentration of 500 ppm. In this study, the impacts of varying the ZnO-based thin film thickness are investigated through optical, structural, and gas-sensing characterizations.

Firms prominently adopt green human resource management (GHRM) practices to resolve sustainability and environmental concerns. But it is often seen that triggering green creativity among employees ensures sustainability to a greater extent. Therefore, the study was undertaken to examine how these GHRM practices and individuals’ environmental values drive green behaviour and ultimately foster green creativity among hotel employees in the Indian context. The data were collected from a sample of 320 hotel employees working in rural tourist destinations and further analysed by employing a structural equation modelling approach using SmartPLS, followed by bootstrapping. The analysis was categorized into two sections, that is, measurement and structural model. The model explained 29% variance of green behaviour, 47% green creativity respectively. The results indicated that GHRM and environmental values positively impact employees’ green behaviour. Results further suggested that employees’ green behaviour positively leads to employees’ green creativity via a partial mediating effect of psychological green climate, thus suggesting hotel managers to embrace a psychological green climate in their organization to nurture green creativity. As travel and hospitality are connected with the plan of embracing green practices, subsequently present study will assist stakeholders with advancing the green way of behaving and green imagination among hotel employees. Further, implications to literature and marketers are discussed that offer noble insights.

Hand foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common dose-limiting adverse effect of multi kinase inhibitors (MKI) whose mechanism is not fully understood, and the prophylaxis is inadequate.

In this paper, simulative evaluation of the inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with the use of different modulation formats like return to zero (RZ), non return to zero (NRZ) and raised cosine by signal to noise ratio (SNR) and quality factor (Q-factor). Performance parameters are attenuation level, transmitting pointing error and scintillation are used to analyse the performance of the system. Including the pre- and post-amplifier configuration in the system, a link range of 100 km is achieved at an acceptable bit error rate and the performance of the system is also enhanced at a 5 Gbps data rate as compared to the earlier detection mechanism.

Background: The existing methods of analyte detection by various biochemical processes have certain drawbacks including nonlinearity and detection limits. The nanotechnology has paved a way for the development of new devices i.e., nano-biosensors, by amalgamation of nanoparticles with recognition elements. These nano-biosensors have the capabilities to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods. Objectives: Present study was planned to analyze the biosensing potential of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode modified with gold nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of S. podophyllum. Methods: In present study, first time rapid green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from leaf extract of Syngonium podophyllum is reported. The synthesized nanoparticles were then characterized physically by UV-Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, fluorescent spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and HR (High resolution)-TEM. Results: The particles were observed to be in average size range of 30-70 nm. Furthermore, the ITO electrode was modified with the prepared nanoparticles and analyzed by ellipsometry. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. Conclusion: The results exhibited a higher current gain, thus signifying a higher signal amplification at the electrodes and paves the way for their use in electrochemical nanobiosensors.

In this article, first the model of 2×2 reversible logic gate is proposed after then the performance of the proposed designed is evaluated. With the increasing flow of information, data rate is increasing very rapidly. This has resulted in increased amount of heat dissipation from the processing nodes. Generally, electronic processors dissipate heat if the data rate is very high. Hence, this model will be very helpful for solving this problem. Evaluated performance of this model is based on the value of quality factor and extinction ratio. The quality factor and extinction ratio are evaluated under different conditions. The average extinction ratio of the design is 19.58 dB and the average quality factor is 53.03 dB. The optical cost of the proposed circuit is 1.

Free space optical (FSO) communication systems are gaining high popularity from the last decade due to its various advantages such as no license spectrum, low-cost implementation etc. In this work, 160 Gbps data is transmitted over 8 km FSO link by adopting alternate mark inversion (AMI), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) schemes. The results are reported in terms of Qfactor, bit error rate, signal to noise ratio, total received power and eye diagrams.

P. falciparum is highly virulent in nature because of its ability to modify the infected host red blood cells, adherence to the vascular endothelium and changes in antigenicity at different stages. Also slow migration time in the dermal and endothelial cells leads to decreased immune response. To overcome the problems, there is a need to design a vaccine which increases the migration time of the parasite, enhances the immune response, enables recognition of surface antigens and causes minimal clinical infection as a side-effect. An ITI-based (Infection-Treatment Immunization) vaccine development strategy is to be adopted to develop this novel vaccine. This will include administration of a liquid solution of purified, non-attenuated sporozoites from an infected female Anopheles mosquito, AS02A adjuvant and chlorate (a metabolic inhibitor of sulfation that decreases the extent of GAG sulfation). To control infection, a drug-cover of artemisinin will be administered as a part of the vaccination strategy along with a specific protease inhibitor MRT12113 which prevents RBC rupture and reinvasion by the parasite. This vaccine will intend to increase the overall migration time of the parasite in blood which is otherwise approximately 30 minutes, resulting in an overall enhanced immune response. It also intends to reduce parasite invasion in cells and their consequent rupture thus preventing the clinical condition-malaria.

To develop novel immunodiagnostic test for tuberculosis.