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AISI 1045 can be machined well in all machining operations, namely drilling, milling, turning, broaching and grinding. It has many applications, such as crankshafts, rollers, spindles, shafts, and gears. Wiper geometry has a great influence on cutting forces (Fr, Ff, Fc and R), temperature, material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). Wiper inserts are used to achieve good surface quality and avoid the need to buy a grinding machine. In this paper, an optimization-based investigation into previously reported results for Taguchi's based L27 orthogonal array experimentations was conducted to further examine effect of the edge geometry on the turning performance of AISI 1045 steel in dry conditions. Three input parameters used in current research include the cutting speed (Vc), feed (f) and depth of cut (ap), while performance measures in this research were Ra, Fr, Ff, Fc, R, temperature (temp) and MRR. The Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method was used to normalize and convert all the performance measures to a single response known as the VIKOR-based performance index (Vi). The machine learning (ML) approach was used for the prediction and optimization of the input variables. A correlation plot is developed between the input variable and Vi using the ML approach. The optimized setting suggested by Vi-ML is Vc: 160 m/min; ap: 1 mm and f: 0.135 mm/rev, and the corresponding value of Vi was 0.2883, while the predicted values of Ra, Fr, Ff, Fc, R, temp and MRR were 2.111 µm, 43.85 N, 159.33 N, 288.13 N, 332,16 N, 554.4 °C and 21,600 mm3/min, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research used the stir-casting method to develop an Al-based composite. The developed composite exhibited challenges while being processed on conventional machining. Thus, a non-traditional machining process was opted to process the composite. The machining variables selected for the current research were the pulse off time (Toff), pulse on time (Ton), servo voltage (SV), current (I), and tool electrode. Three tool electrodes (SS-304, copper, and brass) were used to process the developed composite (Al/SiC/Gr). The experimental plan was designed using response surface methodology (RSM). The output responses recorded for the analysis were the material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). The obtained data was optimized using complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) and machine learning methods. The optimized settings predicted by the RSM–COPRAS method were Ton: 60 µs; Toff: 60 µs; SV: 7 V; I: 12 A; and tool: brass. The maximum MRR and TWR at the suggested settings were 1.11 g/s and 0.0114 g/s, respectively. A morphological investigation of the machined surface and tool surface was conducted with scanning electron microscopy. The morphological examination of the surface (machined) presented the presence of cracks, lumps, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of magnesium (Mg) on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of wrought Al–4Cu–xMg–0.6Ag alloys. The results from Optical Microscope, SEM, XRD analysis, and Thermo-Calc simulation were used to identify the microstructure formed after the aging process. Testing for hardness and tensile strength was conducted, in addition to corrosion testing. It was found that Mg significantly impacts the hardness of the alloys, with a high Mg content (low Cu/Mg ratio) increasing the hardness but reducing the tensile strength and ductility. This study attributed this to the formation of the S phase, which is dependent on both the quantity in the bulk and the size of the phase. The grain size was found to be finer with a higher Mg content, since the particle size inhibits grain growth during the artificial aging process. Counterintuitively, the corrosion activity was reduced in the high-Mg-content alloy due to its large particle size and the reduced galvanic cell effect. This study highlighted the importance of considering the effects of Mg on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients in ICUs are most likely to experience delayed gastric emptying and intolerance of enteral feeding. Recently, greater attention has been paid to the use of herbal remedies such as ginger, which has no adverse effects, to improve gastrointestinal motility. Aim To evaluate the effect of ginger on gastric residual volume among mechanically ventilated patients. Research hypothesis Mechanically ventilated patients receiving ginger would have significantly lower mean gastric residual volume 4 h after enteral feeding on the second day during breakfast and lunch than on the first day in the same patients receiving enteral feeding without ginger. Design A quasi-experimental design (pre/posttest design) was used. Setting This study was conducted in one of the ICUs of Kaser EL-Aini Hospital. Sample A purposeful sample of 50 adult male and female mechanically ventilated patients was recruited. Tools Baseline characteristics and gastric residual volume measurement data were used in data collection. Results The study findings revealed dominance of male patients (74%). Most patients' age ranged between 51 and 59 years, and the mean age was 42.5±15.4 years. In addition, there were significant statistical differences in the mean gastric residual volume with and without intervention of ginger during breakfast time (t=11.825, P=0.000) as well as lunch time (t=7.286, P=0.000). Conclusion The current study concluded that ginger effectively reduces the gastric residual volume in mechanically ventilated patients in ICUs. Recommendation Herbal remedies such as ginger, which has no adverse effects, should be used to improve gastrointestinal motility and enhance food tolerance in the nursing care of critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]