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5. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2024)

Author

Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Oksanen, Hanna M., Siddell, Stuart G., Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Aylward, Frank O., Dempsey, Donald M., Dutilh, Bas E., Freitas-Astúa, Juliana, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R. Curtis, Hughes, Holly R., Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lambert, Amy J., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R., Penzes, Judit, Muñoz, Alejandro Reyes, Robertson, David L., Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Smith, Donald B., Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2024
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13. Four principles to establish a universal virus taxonomy

Author

Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola GA, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Vasilakis, Nikos

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Infection, Humans, Bacteriophages, Metagenomics, Phylogeny, Viruses, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

A universal taxonomy of viruses is essential for a comprehensive view of the virus world and for communicating the complicated evolutionary relationships among viruses. However, there are major differences in the conceptualisation and approaches to virus classification and nomenclature among virologists, clinicians, agronomists, and other interested parties. Here, we provide recommendations to guide the construction of a coherent and comprehensive virus taxonomy, based on expert scientific consensus. Firstly, assignments of viruses should be congruent with the best attainable reconstruction of their evolutionary histories, i.e., taxa should be monophyletic. This fundamental principle for classification of viruses is currently included in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) code only for the rank of species. Secondly, phenotypic and ecological properties of viruses may inform, but not override, evolutionary relatedness in the placement of ranks. Thirdly, alternative classifications that consider phenotypic attributes, such as being vector-borne (e.g., "arboviruses"), infecting a certain type of host (e.g., "mycoviruses," "bacteriophages") or displaying specific pathogenicity (e.g., "human immunodeficiency viruses"), may serve important clinical and regulatory purposes but often create polyphyletic categories that do not reflect evolutionary relationships. Nevertheless, such classifications ought to be maintained if they serve the needs of specific communities or play a practical clinical or regulatory role. However, they should not be considered or called taxonomies. Finally, while an evolution-based framework enables viruses discovered by metagenomics to be incorporated into the ICTV taxonomy, there are essential requirements for quality control of the sequence data used for these assignments. Combined, these four principles will enable future development and expansion of virus taxonomy as the true evolutionary diversity of viruses becomes apparent.

Published
2023

14. Correction to: Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratifed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Author

Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Mushegian, Arcady R., Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Alfenas‑Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M., Dutilh, Bas E., García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R. Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lambert, Amy J., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M., Robertson, David L., Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B., Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne‑Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2023
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16. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Author

Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Mushegian, Arcady R., Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Alfenas‑Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M., Dutilh, Bas E., García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R. Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lambert, Amy J., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M., Robertson, David L., Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B., Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne‑Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2023
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17. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Author

Walker, Peter J., Siddell, Stuart G., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Mushegian, Arcady R., Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M., Dutilh, Bas E., García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R., Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lambert, Amy J., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M., Orton, Richard J., Robertson, David L., Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B., Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2022
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19. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Walker, Peter J., Siddell, Stuart G., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Mushegian, Arcady R., Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J., Dempsey, Donald M., Dutilh, Bas E., García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L., Hendrickson, R. Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J., Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lambert, Amy J., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L., Oksanen, Hanna M., Orton, Richard J., Robertson, David L., Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B., Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2021
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20. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Walker, Peter J., Siddell, Stuart G., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Mushegian, Arcady R., Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Dempsey, Donald M., Dutilh, Bas E., Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L., Hendrickson, R. Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J., Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J., Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B., Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J.

Published
2020
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22. Postpandemic rebound of adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infections temporally associated with an outbreak of unexplained severe acute hepatitis in children in the United Kingdom

Author

Gates, Shannah, primary, Andreani, Julien, additional, Dewar, Rebecca, additional, Smith, Donald B., additional, Templeton, Kate, additional, Child, Harry T., additional, Breuer, Judy, additional, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Bassano, Irene, additional, Wade, Matthew J., additional, Jeffries, Aaron R., additional, Simmonds, Peter, additional, and Harvala, Heli, additional

Published
2023
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23. In Search of Almighty Voice: Resilience and Reconciliation

Author

Smith, Donald B.

Subjects
Canada. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, College teachers, History, Type 93 torpedo (Missile)
Abstract

Bill Waiser, In Search of Almighty Voice: Resilience and Reconciliation, Fifth House Publishers, 2020, 288 pages. ISBN 978-1-7717-7001-9, $24.95 (paper). Over the last half-century non-Indigenous Canadians' perceptions of the First [...]

Published
2020

24. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

Author

Siddell, Stuart G., primary, Smith, Donald B., additional, Adriaenssens, Evelien, additional, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, additional, Dutilh, Bas E., additional, Garcia, Maria Laura, additional, Junglen, Sandra, additional, Krupovic, Mart, additional, Kuhn, Jens H., additional, Lambert, Amy J., additional, Lefkowitz, Elliot J., additional, Łobocka, Małgorzata, additional, Mushegian, Arcady R., additional, Oksanen, Hanna M., additional, Robertson, David L., additional, Rubino, Luisa, additional, Sabanadzovic, Sead, additional, Simmonds, Peter, additional, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, additional, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, additional, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, additional, Varsani, Arvind, additional, and Zerbini, F. Murilo, additional

Published
2023
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25. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

Author

Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, F Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, F Murilo

Abstract

The taxonomy of viruses is developed and overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which scrutinizes, approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals, and maintains a list of virus taxa with approved names (https://ictv.global). The ICTV has approximately 180 members who vote by simple majority. Taxon-specific Study Groups established by the ICTV have a combined membership of over 600 scientists from the wider virology community; they provide comprehensive expertise across the range of known viruses and are major contributors to the creation and evaluation of taxonomic proposals. Proposals can be submitted by anyone and will be considered by the ICTV irrespective of Study Group support. Thus, virus taxonomy is developed from within the virology community and realized by a democratic decision-making process. The ICTV upholds the distinction between a virus or replicating genetic element as a physical entity and the taxon category to which it is assigned. This is reflected by the nomenclature of the virus species taxon, which is now mandated by the ICTV to be in a binomial format (genus + species epithet) and is typographically distinct from the names of viruses. Classification of viruses below the rank of species (such as, genotypes or strains) is not within the remit of the ICTV. This article, authored by the ICTV Executive Committee, explains the principles of virus taxonomy and the organization, function, processes and resources of the ICTV, with the aim of encouraging greater understanding and interaction among the wider virology community.

Published
2023

26. Erratum: Correction to: Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratifed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023) (Archives of virology (2023) 168 7 (175))

Author

Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Abstract

The correction refers to the sentence: Another notable taxonomic change approved in this ratification was the inclusion of gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification scheme as viriforms [153]. The sentence should read: Another notable taxonomic change approved in this ratification was the inclusion of gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification scheme as viriforms [154]. The original article has been corrected.

Published
2023

27. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, F Murilo, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, F Murilo

Published
2023

28. Four principles to establish a universal virus taxonomy

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola G A, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Vasilakis, Nikos, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola G A, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Vasilakis, Nikos

Published
2023

29. Erratum: Correction to: Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratifed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023) (Archives of virology (2023) 168 7 (175))

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2023

30. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2023

31. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

Author

Siddell, Stuart G., Smith, Donald B., Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E., Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lambert, Amy J., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., Lobocka, Malgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, A. -M., Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, and Molecular Principles of Viruses

Subjects
11832 Microbiology and virology, Virus taxonomy, International Committee of Virus Taxonomy
Published
2023

32. Rev. John McDougall and the Duke of Connaught

Author

Smith, Donald B.

Subjects
Alberta -- History, Canadian native peoples -- Rites, ceremonies and celebrations, Missionaries -- Appreciation, History
Abstract

In late Saturday afternoon 15 July 1916 Rev. John McDougall awaited the Royal visitors at the 'Indian Village' just below Cascade Mountain north of Banff. (1) The retired Methodist missionary [...]

Published
2017

33. 50 years of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: progress and prospects

Author

Adams, Michael J., Lefkowitz, Elliot J., King, Andrew M. Q., Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L., Knowles, Nick J., Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Mushegian, Arcady R., Nibert, Max L., Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G., Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Orton, Richard J., Smith, Donald B., Gorbalenya, Alexander E., and Davison, Andrew J.

Published
2017
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34. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022

Author

Purdy, Michael A., primary, Drexler, Jan Felix, additional, Meng, Xiang-Jin, additional, Norder, Heléne, additional, Okamoto, Hiroaki, additional, Van der Poel, Wim H. M., additional, Reuter, Gábor, additional, de Souza, William M., additional, Ulrich, Rainer G., additional, and Smith, Donald B., additional

Published
2022
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35. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2022. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 174 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its annual meeting in July 2021. All proposals were ratified by an absolute majority of the ICTV members. Of note, the Study Groups have started to implement the new rule for uniform virus species naming that became effective in 2021 and mandates the binomial 'Genus_name species_epithet' format with or without Latinization. As a result of this ratification, the names of 6,481 virus species (more than 60 percent of all species names currently recognized by ICTV) now follow this format.

Published
2022

36. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2022

37. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile : Hepeviridae 2022

Author

Purdy, Michael A., Drexler, Jan Felix, Meng, Xiang Jin, Norder, Heléne, Okamoto, Hiroaki, Van der Poel, Wim H.M., Reuter, Gábor, de Souza, William M., Ulrich, Rainer G., Smith, Donald B., Purdy, Michael A., Drexler, Jan Felix, Meng, Xiang Jin, Norder, Heléne, Okamoto, Hiroaki, Van der Poel, Wim H.M., Reuter, Gábor, de Souza, William M., Ulrich, Rainer G., and Smith, Donald B.

Abstract

The family Hepeviridae includes enterically transmitted small quasi-enveloped or non-enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses infecting mammals and birds (subfamily Orthohepevirinae) or fish (Parahepevirinae). Hepatitis E virus (genus Paslahepevirus) is responsible for self-limiting acute hepatitis in humans; the infection may become chronic in immunocompromised individuals and extrahepatic manifestations have been described. Avian hepatitis E virus (genus Avihepevirus) causes hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hepeviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/hepeviridae.

Published
2022

44. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2021. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 290 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in October 2020, as well as on the proposed revision of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). All proposals and the revision were ratified by an absolute majority of the ICTV members. Of note, ICTV mandated a uniform rule for virus species naming, which will follow the binomial 'genus-species' format with or without Latinized species epithets. The Study Groups are requested to convert all previously established species names to the new format. ICTV has also abolished the notion of a type species, i.e., a species chosen to serve as a name-bearing type of a virus genus. The remit of ICTV has been clarified through an official definition of 'virus' and several other types of mobile genetic elements. The ICVCN and ICTV Statutes have been amended to reflect these changes.

Published
2021

45. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2021

46. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus classification and taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2020. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 206 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in July 2019, as well as on the proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revision of the Statutes were approved by an absolute majority of the ICTV voting membership. Of note, ICTV has approved a proposal that extends the previously established realm Riboviria to encompass nearly all RNA viruses and reverse-transcribing viruses, and approved three separate proposals to establish three realms for viruses with DNA genomes.

Published
2020

47. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

48. Update: proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A)

Author

Smith, Donald B., Izopet, Jacques, Nicot, Florence, Simmonds, Peter, Jameel, Shahid, Meng, Xiang Jin, Norder, Heléne, Okamoto, Hiroaki, van der Poel, Wim H.M., Reuter, Gábor, Purdy, Michael A., Smith, Donald B., Izopet, Jacques, Nicot, Florence, Simmonds, Peter, Jameel, Shahid, Meng, Xiang Jin, Norder, Heléne, Okamoto, Hiroaki, van der Poel, Wim H.M., Reuter, Gábor, and Purdy, Michael A.

Abstract

In this recommendation, we update our 2016 table of reference sequences of subtypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae) for which complete genome sequences are available (Smith et al., 2016). This takes into account subsequent publications describing novel viruses and additional proposals for subtype names; there are now eight genotypes and 36 subtypes. Although it remains difficult to define strict criteria for distinguishing between virus subtypes, and is not within the remit of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the use of agreed reference sequences will bring clarity and stability to researchers, epidemiologists and clinicians working with HEV.

Published
2020

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