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Our understanding of climate dynamics during millennial-scale events is incomplete, partially due to the lack of their precise phase analyses under various boundary conditions. Here we present nine speleothem oxygen-isotope records from mid-to-low-latitude monsoon regimes with sub-centennial age precision and multi-annual resolution, spanning the Heinrich Stadial 2 (HS2) - a millennial-scale event that occurred at the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggests that the Greenland and Antarctic ice-core chronologies require +320- and +400-year adjustments, respectively, supported by extant volcanic evidence and radiocarbon ages. Our chronological framework shows a synchronous HS2 onset globally. Our records precisely characterize a centennial-scale abrupt "tropical atmospheric seesaw" superimposed on the conventional "bipolar seesaw" at the beginning of HS2, implying a unique response/feedback from low-latitude hydroclimate. Together with our observation of an early South American monsoon shift at the HS2 termination, we suggest a more active role of low-latitude hydroclimate dynamics underlying millennial events than previously thought.

Even as more companies integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into their new products and services, little research outlines the strategic implications of such AI adoption. Therefore, the present study investigates how investors respond to announcements of new product innovations integrated with AI by non-software firms (AI-NPIs), with the prediction that they respond favorably if the firms feature a marketing department with substantial power; such firms likely possess the marketing resources and assets needed to ensure the success of AI-NPIs. An event study with a sample of 341 announcements by 77 S&P 500 firms between 2009-2018 supports this prediction. Furthermore, the relationship between marketing department power and investor response intensifies when the announcement (1) occurs in later innovation stages, (2) involves the sourcing of external innovation assets, and (3) refers to more complex innovations. These findings have both theoretical and managerial implications., Author(s): Manjunath Padigar [sup.1] , Ljubomir Pupovac [sup.2] , Ashish Sinha [sup.3] , Rajendra Srivastava [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4830.f, 0000 0004 0407 1981, Faculty of Economics and Business, University [...]

Background: The National Health Policy 2017 has envisioned the integration of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) into India’s healthcare system as part of Ayushman Bharat. In February 2018, the Indian Government declared the transformation of 1,50,000 existing Sub Health Centers and Primary Health Centers into Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) to provide Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC). Health and Wellness Centres have an important role in the prevention of several diseases and health promotion and in undertaking public health functions in the community to strengthen the frontline workers and community platforms. Objective: To assess the availability of Infrastructure and 12 comprehensive primary health care services in study centres (HWC-SHC) in Raipur district Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the 32 Health and wellness centre-sub centres of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh. In the Raipur district, there are 4 blocks and from each block, 25% of the study centres (HWC-SHC) are selected by simple random sampling. Semi- structured assessment tool with the reference of Government of India Operational Guidelines was used which consisted of checklist regarding Physical Infrastructure, Human Resource, Medicine, Diagnostic, IT component and 12 comprehensive primary health care services. The data was collected and analysis is being done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 32 HWC-SHCs, 6 (18.75% ) were catering the services for the population as per the norms i.e. 3000- 5000. In the present study, 19 (59.4%) boundary wall, and 21 (65.6%) of SCs had wellness space. There were 31 (96.9%) of SCs had labor room, and 14 (43.8 %) had newborn care corner (NBCC). In this study, 21.9% Grievance board and 100% of IEC were present at the studied subcentres. It was observed that 31(96.9%) SCs had water, 27 (84.4%) had electricity supply and 1 (3.1%) of SCs had power backup. Separate public utilities for males and females were available in 2(6.3%) of the study centres. Out of the study sub-centre, 28 (87.5%) residential facilities were available, out of which 24 (85%) were occupied. For diagnostic services, 53.1 % of study centres have sickle- cell rapid tests and none of the centres have VIA for Screening of cervical cancer. Conclusion: The finding of the study shows that there is a scarcity in the physical infrastructure, Human resource and lab-diagnostic services at the studied centres. The major factor contributing to the non-utilization of health services at the SCs was the lack of adequate infrastructure, and logistics available at these centres.

Dentine adhesives have demonstrated great success with permanent teeth. Though the results in primary teeth are not well documented, some studies have demonstrated lower values of bond strength in primary teeth than those found in permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effect of grape seed extract (6.5%) (Herbal Bio Solutions, Delhi, India), glutaraldehyde (5%) (Loba Chemie PVT. LTD., Mumbai), hesperidin (0.5%) (Herbal Bio Solutions, Delhi, India), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (tooth mousse) (GC Corporation, Alsip, IL, USA) on the shear bond strength of dentine of primary teeth and to evaluate the resin tags at the resin tooth interface. Seventy-five caries-free human primary molars were collected, and their occlusal surfaces were ground flat. Dentin surfaces were etched using phosphoric acid. Then teeth were randomly assigned in sequential order to five groups according to the dentinal treatment method: Group I (Control group) (no treatment), Group II (5% glutaraldehyde), Group III (6.5% grape seed extract), Group IV (0.5% hesperidin), and Group V (CPP-ACP). Ten teeth from each group were assigned for Shear Bond Strength and five for SEM analysis. ANOVA and a post hoc least significant difference test (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis of the collected data. The grape seed extract group showed significantly increased shear bond strength than the control group (p < 0.05), and the mean length of resin tags in different dentine bio modifiers groups was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). The use of dentin bio modifiers such as 5% glutaraldehyde, 6.5% grape seed extract, 0.5% hesperidin, and CPP-ACP in the bonding process for primary teeth did not improve the dentinal bond strength.

The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high northern latitudes that abruptly punctuated the warming trend from the last glacial to the present interglacial. To date, a precise understanding of its trigger, propagation, and termination remains elusive. Here, we present speleothem oxygen-isotope data that, in concert with other proxy records, allow us to quantify the timing of the YD onset and termination at an unprecedented subcentennial temporal precision across the North Atlantic, Asian Monsoon-Westerlies, and South American Monsoon regions. Our analysis suggests that the onsets of YD in the North Atlantic (12,870 ± 30 B.P.) and the Asian Monsoon-Westerlies region are essentially synchronous within a few decades and lead the onset in Antarctica, implying a north-to-south climate signal propagation via both atmospheric (decadal-time scale) and oceanic (centennial-time scale) processes, similar to the Dansgaard-Oeschger events during the last glacial period. In contrast, the YD termination may have started first in Antarctica at ∼11,900 B.P., or perhaps even earlier in the western tropical Pacific, followed by the North Atlantic between ∼11,700 ± 40 and 11,610 ± 40 B.P. These observations suggest that the initial YD termination might have originated in the Southern Hemisphere and/or the tropical Pacific, indicating a Southern Hemisphere/tropics to North Atlantic-Asian Monsoon-Westerlies directionality of climatic recovery.

Tufa deposits have significant potential for reconstructing past lake-level fluctuations. Here, we conducted U-Th dating of tufa deposits exposed along the shoreline of Longmu Co Lake in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau to reconstruct its water level history during the middle-late Holocene. Our data demonstrate that Longmu Co Lake reached its highest level (61 m above the present level) at around 7.4 ka in response to the strengthened Indian Summer Monsoon and increased glacial meltwater; its lake level subsequently decreased due to solar insolation-induced decline in summer monsoon and glacial meltwater. Moreover, we find that the lake level experienced an abrupt decline at ~2.2 ka with a maximum amplitude of 13 m, probably owing to the rapid cooling of the local climate. The δ18O and δ13C of Longmu Co tufa also show a covariance trend, which supports the regional climate change reflected by the lake level fluctuation of Longmu Co. Additionally, we observed an inverse correlation between initial δ234U content in tufa and lake level variation, suggesting that initial calcium δ234U can serve as a proxy for reconstructing environmental changes. Our study therefore implies that lake tufa as a reliable archive for accurately reconstructing lake level changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]