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The aim of this paper is to estimate, as well as analyse and assess spatial diversification in human capital resources in rural and urban areas of Poland. Studies have static nature and relate to the state of the situation in 2018 year. A synthetic index of human capital resources (IHCR) was applied, based on which a hierarchy was developed for rural and urban areas, depending on the administrative division into provinces determining the degree of their diversification in terms of their human capital resources. Human capital resources were analysed in four categories, i.e. in terms of employment, education, entrepreneurship and unemployment, using data from the Local Data Bank CSO database. Research results indicate considerable regional (spatial) diversification of rural and urban areas. We may distinguish two homogeneous classes, including urban areas with a high level of human capital development, as well as rural areas with their low level. Moreover, there is a heterogeneous group of the so-called medium level of human capital, composed of both urban and rural areas. Particularly, observed polarization in human capital resources may in the future reduce the absorption of development impulses within both national and EU development policies.

The paper aimed to present the economic situation in the farms of small economic size and the processes of changes in this group of households. As the materials used raw data from purposely selected farms in Wielkopolska. In the farms of economic size to 25 thousand euro EU subsidies play a leading role in shaping their economic situation. Unfortunately, even the large role of EU support can not be enough to change the economic situation of such households in order to gain a new and better opportunities for development. In the long term, especially very small farms, are threatened cessation of farming activities, which may be the advantage that in this way will be launched on a larger scale agrarian transformation process in Polish agriculture.