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Abstract Traditional coding methods based on graphics and digital or magnetic labels have gradually decreased their anti-counterfeiting because of market popularity. This paper presents a new magnetic anti-counterfeiting coding method. This method uses a high-performance coding material, which, along with small changes to the material itself and the particle size of the superparamagnetic nanomaterials, results in a large difference in the nonlinear magnetization response. This method, which adopts 12-site coding and establishes a screening model by measuring the voltage amplitude of 12-site variables, can code different kinds of products, establishing long-term stable coding and decoding means. Through the anti-counterfeiting experiment of wine, the experiment results show that the authenticity of the coded products can be verified using the self-developed magnetic encoding and decoding system. The new coding technology can verify the anti-counterfeiting of 9000 products, with a single detection accuracy of 97% and a detection time of less than one minute. Moreover, this coding method completely depends on the production batch of the superparamagnetic nanomaterials, which is difficult to imitate, and it provides a new coding anti-counterfeiting technology for related industries with a wide range of potential applications.

Abstract [Objective] The aim is to enrich the angiosperm germplasm resources in Shanxi Province, and promote research on biodiversity and forest ecosystems in Zhongtiao Mountain area. [Methods] Photoes of plant specimens and their typical features from Zhongtiao Mountains were collected through specimen identification, data access, and expert consultation, by conducting an extensive field survey of vegetation. [Results] Five species of angiosperms were newly recorded in Shanxi Province, including viz. Rumex acetosella L., Anemone narcissiflora subsp. protracta (Ulbrich) Ziman & Fedoronczuk, Cardamine flexuosa With., Impatiens lushiensis Y. L. Chen, and Physalis minima L.. [Conclusion] These plants belong to 5 families and 5 genera, which are newly recorded species of angiosperms from Shanxi Province. These discoveries enrich the angiosperms germplasm resources and provide a basis for the study of plant diversity and florogenesis in Zhongtiao Mountain Area.

IntroductionMagnetic particle imaging (MPI), a radiation-free, dynamic, and targeted imaging technique, has gained significant traction in both research and clinical settings worldwide. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a crucial factor influencing MPI image quality and detection sensitivity, and it is affected by ambient noise, system thermal noise, and the magnetization response of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Therefore to address the high amplitude system and inherent thermal noise present in conventional MPI systems is essential to improve detection sensitivity and imaging resolution.MethodThis study introduces a novel open-loop, narrow-band MPI signal acquisition system based on mixed-frequency harmonic magnetization response. Allowing superparamagnetic nanoparticles to be excited by low frequency, high amplitude magnetic fields and high frequency, low amplitude magnetic fields, the excitation coil generates a mixed excitation magnetic field at a mixed frequency of 8.664 kHz (fH + 2fL), and the tracer of superparamagnetic nanoparticles can generate a locatable superparamagnetic magnetization signal with rich harmonic components in the mixed excitation magnetic field and positioning magnetic field. The third harmonic signal is detected by a Gradiometer coil with high signal-to-noise ratio, and the voltage cloud image is formed.ResultThe experimental results show that the external noise caused by the excitation coil can be effectively reduced from 12 to about 1.5 μV in the imaging area of 30 mm × 30 mm, which improves the stability of the detection signal of the Gradiometer coil, realizes the detection of high SNR, and makes the detection sensitivity reach 10 μg Fe. By mixing excitation, the total intensity of the excitation field is reduced, resulting in a slight improvement of the resolution under the same gradient field, and the spatial resolution of the image reconstruction is increased from 2 mm under the single frequency excitation (20.7 kHz) in the previous experiment to 1.5 mm under the mixed excitation (8.664 kHz).ConclusionsThese experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed open-loop narrowband MPI technique in improving signal detection sensitivity, achieving high signal-to-noise ratio detection and improving the quality of reconstructed images by changing the excitation magnetic field frequency of the excitation coil, providing novel design ideas and technical pathways for future MPI systems.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory activity of fluoxetine alone and in combination with fluconazole on Candida albicans. Methods This study used standard strains of Candida albicans, clinical isolates of Candida albicans, and drug-resistant strains of Candida albicans for experiments to prepare the planktonic and biofilm states of Candida albicans, respectively. The effect of fluoxetine on Candida albicans was detected by XTT reduction method. Pharmacodynamic properties of fluoxetine against Candida albicans biofilm were determined by improved time-kill test. The morphological changes of fluoxetine on Candida albicans biofilm were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the synergistic effect of fluoxetine combined with fluconazole on Candida albicans biofilms was detected by the checkerboard dilution method. Results Fluoxetine had inhibitory effects on three types of Candida albicans biofilms. The minimum drug concentration that inhibited 50% activity (SMIC50) of biofilms of standard strains of Candida albicans and drug-resistant strains was 32 μg/mL; the SMIC50 of clinical strains of Candida albicans biofilm was 64 μg/mL. Time-kill test displayed that the biofilm activity of three types of Candida albicans significantly decreased compared to the control group at the fluoxetine concentration of 1×SMIC50 and 2×SMIC50. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that compared with the control group, the number of fungal hyphae in the biofilm of Candida albicans treated with fluoxetine decreased and their morphology wrinkled. The checkerboard microdilution method showed that the combination of fluoxetine and fluconazole exhibited a synergistic effect on the standard strain of Candida albicans bioflim, while showing no or antagonistic effects on the other two strains. Conclusion Fluoxetine alone has inhibitory effects on biofilms of different types of Candida albicans and has a synergistic inhibitory effect on biofilms of standard strains of Candida albicans combined with fluconazole.

Existing magnetic tracer detection systems primarily rely on fundamental wave signal acquisition using non-differential sensor configurations. These sensors are highly susceptible to external interference and lack tomographic localization capabilities, hindering their clinical application. To address these limitations, this paper presents a novel method for achieving the deep spatial localization of tracers. The method exploits second harmonic signal detection at non-zero field points. By considering the combined nonlinear characteristics of the coil’s axial spatial magnetic field distribution and the Langevin function, a correlation model linking the signal peak and bias field is established. This model enables the determination of the tracer’s precise spatial location. Building on this framework, a handheld device for localizing magnetic nanoparticle tracers was developed. The device harnesses the second harmonic response generated by coupling an AC excitation field with a DC bias field. Our findings demonstrate that under conditions of reduced coil turns and weak excitation fields, the DC bias field exhibits exclusive dependence on the axial distance of the detection point, independent of particle concentration. This implies that the saturated DC bias field corresponding to the second harmonic signal can be used to determine the magnetic nanoparticle sample detection depth. The experimental results validated the method’s high accuracy, with axial detection distance and concentration reduction errors of only 4.8% and 4.1%, respectively. This research paves the way for handheld probes capable of tomographic tracer detection, offering a novel approach for advancing magnetically sensitive biomedical detection technologies.

In this study, a high-efficiency superparamagnetic drug delivery system was developed for preclinical treatment of bladder cancer in small animals. Two types of nanoparticles with magnetic particle imaging (MPI) capability, i.e., single- and multi-core superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), were selected and coupled with bladder anti-tumor drugs by a covalent coupling scheme. Owing to the minimal particle size, magnetic field strengths of 270 mT with a gradient of 3.2 T/m and 260 mT with a gradient of 3.7 T/m were found to be necessary to reach an average velocity of 2 mm/s for single- and multi-core SPIONs, respectively. To achieve this, a method of constructing an in vitro magnetic field for drug delivery was developed based on hollow multi-coils arranged coaxially in close rows, and magnetic field simulation was used to study the laws of the influence of the coil structure and parameters on the magnetic field. Using this method, a magnetic drug delivery system of single-core SPIONs was developed for rabbit bladder therapy. The delivery system consisted of three coaxially and equidistantly arranged coils with an inner diameter of Φ50 mm, radial height of 85 mm, and width of 15 mm that were positioned in close proximity to each other. CCK8 experimental results showed that the three types of drug-coupled SPION killed tumor cells effectively. By adjusting the axial and radial positions of the rabbit bladder within the inner hole of the delivery coil structure, the magnetic drugs injected could undergo two-dimensional delivery motions and were delivered and aggregated to the specified target location within 12 s, with an aggregation range of about 5 mm × 5 mm. In addition, the SPION distribution before and after delivery was imaged using a home-made open-bore MPI system that could realistically reflect the physical state. This study contributes to the development of local, rapid, and precise drug delivery and the visualization of this process during cancer therapy, and further research on MPI/delivery synchronization technology is planned for the future.

The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the most important geological events in the Cenozoic era, which has had a far-reaching impact on climate change in neighboring regions and even the world. Scholars have already considered that the uplift of this period has a good coupling with the warm and cold climate changes. The Beilianchi section is west of Liupan Mountain, the back edge of the arcuate tectonic belt on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The Paleocene Qingshuiying Formation is mainly a set of shallow lacustrine deposits dominated by purple-red mudstone with thin gypsum layers containing rich paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information. The article systematically studied the palynological assemblage of the Beilianchi section and identified 60 genera and 65 species of sporopollen types as well as several undetermined species. The assemblage is characterized by dominant angiosperm pollen grains and rare gymnosperm pollen and fern spores. Based on the existing research results of regional sporopollen, the geologic age of the Qingshuiying Formation is believed to be the middle-late Oligocene–early Miocene. The sporopollen flora is dominated by deciduous broad-leaved plants such as Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, and Ulmaceae, and pollens from a few but diverse tropical-subtropical plants also occur in the assemblage. In contrast, the pollen content of typical arid shrubs and herbaceous plants is small, generally reflecting the warm-temperate zone's milder and wetter paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic background. The absence of pollen from cold-tolerant mountain conifers in the palynological assemblage indicates that the regional climatic environment had not yet changed from warm to cold during this period and that the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau to the northeast had not yet affected the Liupanshan area. The results of this study provide new evidence to constrain the depositional age of the Qingshuiying Formation on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the impact of the uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau on the paleoecology and paleoclimate of the region.

In this study, a novel human-size handheld magnetic particle imaging (MPI) system was developed for the high-precision detection of sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer. The system consisted of a highly sensitive home-made MPI detection probe, a set of concentric coils pair for spatialization, a solenoid coil for uniform excitation at 8 kHz@1.5 mT, and a full mirrored coil set positioned far away from the scanning area. The mirrored coils formed an extremely effective differential pickup structure which suppressed the system noise as high as 100 dB. The different combination of the inner and outer gradient current made the field free point (FFP) move in the Z direction with a uniform intensity of 0.54T/m, while the scanning in the XY direction was implemented mechanically. The third-harmonic signal of the Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) at the FFP was detected and then reconstructed synchronously with the current changes. Experiment results showed that the tomographic detection limit was 30 mm in the Z direction, and the sensitivity was about 10 μg Fe SPIONs at 40 mm distance with a spatial resolution of about 5 mm. In the rat experiment, 54 μg intramuscular injected SPIONs were detected successfully in the sentinel lymph node, in which the tracer content was about 1.2% total injected Fe. Additionally, the effective detection time window was confirmed from 4 to 6 min after injection. Relevant clinical ethics are already in the application process. Large mammalian SLNB MPI experiments and 3D preoperative SLNB imaging will be performed in the future.

Power transformers are indispensable components for energy transmission and voltage regulation. Since the leakage impedance affects the short-circuit current, magnetic leakage distribution, and manufacturing cost, the accurate calculation of transformer impedance is vital for transformer design. Generally, leakage impedance is mainly decided by the design parameters of the windings, both analytically and numerically. In most given literature studies, the leakage impedance was optimized and analyzed by adjusting the design parameters of the windings without considering the consequent influence on transformer loss and manufacturing costs. A multiobjective optimization model considering the leakage impedance, manufacturing cost, and operating loss of the windings is presented in this paper. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model is built using 2048 finite-element analysis (FEA) samples and utilized as a leakage impedance predictor. XGBoost shows better accuracy and consumes much less time compared to analytical and FEA methods. Subsequently, the presented multiobjective model is optimized using multiobjective algorithms and the NSGA-III shows the best performance among the NSGA-II, MOPSO, and MODE. The results show that the leakage impedance is closer to the required value. Besides, the winding manufacturing cost and loss are meanly decreased by 4.7% and 4.1%, respectively, in the engineering case.

Since breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, there are currently a variety of treatment methods available, including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. Breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, despite many treatment modalities, constitute a considerable threat to patients’ survival time and pose a clinical challenge that is difficult to tackle precisely. Exosomes have a very special and crucial role in the treatment of drug resistance in breast cancer as a carrier of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes and breast cancer treatment resistance have been linked in a growing number of clinical investigations in recent years. This paper covers the status of research on exosomes in the treatment of breast cancer drug resistance and offers theoretical guidance for investigating new strategies to treat breast cancer drug resistance.

AIM: To comparatively analyze the efficacy and safety between 25-gauge(25G+)and 27G+ micro-invasive vitrectomy for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases.METHODS: The clinical data of 89 cases(89 eyes)of vitreoretinal disease who received vitrectomy at our hospital from March 2019 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to surgery. A total of 45 cases(45 eyes)who received 25G+ micro-invasive vitrectomy were included in group A, and 44 cases(44 eyes)who received 27G+ micro-invasive vitrectomy were included in group B. Vitrectomy time, operation time, preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, subjective comfort evaluation results and complications of the both groups were analyzed.RESULTS: There were no differences in vitrectomy time of the two groups(P>0.05), while the operation time of group B was shorter than that of group A(35.50±14.27min vs. 41.73±14.25min, P=0.042). The postoperative BCVA of the two groups were better than that before operation(P0.05). The postoperative intraocular pressure of the two groups was lower than that before operation(P

GHz burst mode femtosecond (fs) laser pulses, which consist of a series of pulse trains with ultra-fast intervals of several hundred picoseconds, have offered distinct features for material processing compared to conventional irradiation of laser pulses (single-pulse mode). We apply GHz burst mode processing to fabricate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the material surfaces. In our previous work for silicon (Si), we have found that GHz burst mode can create unique two-dimensional (2D) LIPSS composed of both parallel and perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. We proposed that the formation of 2D-LIPSS is attributed to the synergetic contributions of electromagnetic and hydrodynamic mechanisms. To further investigate more detailed formation mechanisms and explore practical applications, we employ titanium (Ti), whose properties are significantly different from Si. We demonstrate that GHz burst mode fs laser pulses (central wavelength: 1,030 nm, intra-pulse width: 230 fs, intra-pulse repetition rate (an intra-pulse interval): 4.88 GHz (205 ps) and burst pulse repetition rate: 10 kHz) can also fabricate 2D-LIPSS on Ti surfaces. We attribute the dominant formation mechanism of 2D-LIPSS to the generation of hot spots with highly enhanced electric fields due to transient change of material properties during GHz burst pulse irradiation. Based on this speculation, properly tailoring the shapes of the burst pulse with an optimum intra-pulse number enables the creation of well-defined 2D-LIPSS. Furthermore, essentially homogeneous 2D-LIPSS can be formed in a large area by laser scanning of a focused fs laser beam with a stage scanning speed of 5 mm/s.

Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most common forms of death for gastrointestinal cancers, however, its cell composition is incompletely understood. Here, the authors use single cell RNA-seq of peritoneal metastases from 35 patients and show diversity in immune cells, and plasticity in cancer cell phenotypes and autophagy related genes as biomarkers of prognosis.

In order to study the influence of load change on the meshing characteristics of cycloid pinwheel of RV reducer, considering the modification of cycloid tooth profile, the three-dimensional model of cycloid pinwheel mechanism was established by UG. The changes of meshing tooth pairs and meshing stress of cycloid pinwheel in a meshing transmission cycle were analyzed by using the transient dynamics module of Ansys, and the simulation was compared with the theoretical contact stress. Results show that the overall trend of contact stress between simulation and theory is consistent, the number of meshing teeth and meshing stress of cycloid pinwheel show a periodic law, and increase with the increase of load. The change trend of contact stress and equivalent stress is opposite to the number of meshing teeth, the more the number of meshing teeth, the smaller the meshing stress. The equivalent stress of the needle tooth in the length direction increases with the increase of load, and the stress has a trend of uniform distribution, but the change is small. The finite element analysis has certain reference significance for the design, analysis and manufacture of RV reducer.

Change detection is a core issue in the study of global change. Inspired by recent success of the UNet3+ architecture originally designed for image semantic segmentation, in this article we proposed a densely connected siamese network for change detection, namely Pre-SiUNet3+-CD (the combination of Pre-processing, Siamese network and UNet3+). First, our proposed pre-processing algorithm can mitigate effects of poor co-registration between bitemporal images, thus alleviating the loss of localization information in the change map. Second, several modifications have been made to UNet3+ in order to improve its fit for change detection tasks using high-resolution imagery and generate highly discriminative and informative representations to locate changed pixels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on several datasets, and experimental results indicated that our model provides very competitive accuracies in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, and visual performance among all the compared methods. This is because it inherits most of the advantages of UNet3+ in object location and boundary production, and the introduction of pre-processing also gives it a significant accuracy boost.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), owing to its high sensitivity based on localized surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, is recently attracting much attention to be used for biotechnology, such as cell imaging and tumor therapy. On the other hand, the trace detection of bio-molecules with large molecular weight is still challenging because the troublesome treatment of SERS substrate using coupling or cross-linking agents is required. In this paper, we apply liquid interface assisted SERS (LI-SERS) method, which provides unique features of collection and self-immobilization of analyte molecules on the SERS substrate, to realize the label-free trace detection of bio-molecules with detection limits of pM ~ fM. Specifically, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) discrimination and quantitative detection of β-Amyloid (Aβ) in trace-concentration are demonstrated to illustrate the ultrahigh sensitivity and versatility of the LI-SERS method. The results suggest LI-SERS is promising for the early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.

Electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (EC‐SERS) is a promising technique for the diagnosis of trace amounts of neurotransmitters, because it can elucidate neurotransmitters’ behavior on electrodes to deduce their functions in the human body. However, the current EC‐SERS devices need several tens of milliliters of analyte solution to collect enough signal for analysis. Miniaturization of EC‐SERS devices is crucial for the early diagnosis of disease and point‐of‐care testing. Herein, a new type of EC‐SERS sensor based on 3D microfluidic chips for the analysis of neurotransmitters in ultrasmall volumes is proposed. The microfluidic EC‐SERS chip is fabricated by a ship‐in‐a‐bottle technique based on hybrid laser processing. The working electrode is modified using silver/zinc oxide materials, enabling the formation of a unique “candy apple” structure. To assess the fabricated microfluidic EC‐SERS chips, ascorbic acid is analyzed using the ingenious microfluidic EC‐SERS chips to elucidate its redox reaction by EC‐SERS spectroscopy. Significantly, a sub‐10 μL volume of analyte solution is sufficient for EC‐SERS analysis, which is several orders smaller in volume than the requirements of current EC‐SERS devices. The unprecedented microfluidic EC‐SERS chips fabricated by the ship‐in‐a‐bottle integration technique can be used in portable and smart analyzers for next‐generation biomedicines and catalysts.

Paddy rice is one of the main foods of the global population. To guarantee paddy rice acreage is essential to ensure food security. Currently, techniques for large-area paddy field mapping rely mainly on complex rule-based machine learning algorithms. But it is difficult for them to achieve an optimal balance between discriminability and robustness. In this article, we proposed a novel deep learning-based approach for large-scale paddy rice mapping, termed dual-path interactive network (DPIN). An annual time-series Sentinel-2 remote sensing images are used as data source. Taking several areas of interest over the middle and lower Yangtze River plain of China as experimental fields, our model achieves an F1-score of 91.22% on the test dataset, which is 1.09% higher than the existing state-of-the-art predictive model, and its inference speed is 1.18 times faster than it. DPIN-Lite is a lightweight variant of DPIN, and while keeping a competitive mapping accuracy, its inference speed is 1.91 times faster than the compared method (with the best score except for DPIN and DPIN-Lite).

Background. Around 1.2 to 3.1% of thyroid malignancies are due to metastasis. Among them, cutaneous malignant melanomas constitute 4% of malignancy metastasized to the thyroid. Uveal melanoma is uncommon, and its metastasis to the thyroid has only rarely been reported. Hereby, we describe an unusual case of uveal melanoma metastasized to the thyroid and discuss the concept of correct diagnosis. Case Report. During a routine ophthalmological examination, an 86-year-old Caucasian female was found to have retinal detachment secondary to choroidal melanoma. She was treated with gamma knife which resulted in reduction of tumor size. Three months later, she was noted to have a goiter on physical examination. Follow-up thyroid ultrasonography demonstrated numerous vascularized nodules in both lobes. The fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the left dominant nodule was indeterminate the first time and nondiagnostic the second time. FNA of the right dominant nodule was nondiagnostic twice but showed malignant cells the third time. Subsequent immunohistochemistry staining of the FNA sample from the right thyroid nodule confirmed a profile consistent with malignant melanoma. Conclusion. It should be kept in mind that a thyroid nodule detected in a patient with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma can be metastasis and that uveal melanoma diagnosis should be taken into account for the examination of the thyroid tumors of these patients. It is important to employ immunohistochemical staining FNA examination of the patient with such tumors for markers associated with a patient’s known malignancy to facilitate diagnosis.

Affected by the extreme geological hazards such as the fault and uneven ground settlement, pipelines are prone to produce large deformations. However, the large strain monitoring cannot be achieved with the existing strain sensing technology due to its insufficient measuring range. Thus, the method of monitoring the large strain of crossing-fault pipelines with Coaxial Cable Fabry-Perot Interferometer (CCFPI) sensors was proposed herein. Definitely, the sensing principle and manufacturing method of CCFPI sensors were briefly introduced, and with the help of a self-made buried crossing-fault pipeline test device, the packaging and deployment methods of CCFPI sensors to match the buried pipelines were studied.Additionally, the rationality and effectiveness of applying CCFPI sensors to the large strain monitoring of buried crossingfault pipelines was verified through the simulation test. The research results show that the measured strain value of the CCFPI sensor and the optical fiber sensor agrees well when the fault displacement is less than 165 mm. However, when the fault displacement is greater than 165 mm, the fiber breaks due to out-of-range, but the CCFPI sensor can monitor the strain of the pipeline continuously, and a strain of 0.081 36 is measured by the CCFPI sensor at a fault displacement of 300 mm, which verifies the rationality and reliability of applying the CCFPI sensors to large strain monitoring of buried crossing-fault pipelines.

Abstract Background Recent studies demonstrated that autologous mitochondria derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) might be valuable in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer from BMSCs to injured neurons are not fully understood. Methods We modified BMSCs by CD157, a cell surface molecule as a potential regulator mitochondria transfer, then transplanted to SCI rats and co-cultured with OGD injured VSC4.1 motor neuron. We detected extracellular mitochondrial particles derived from BMSCs by transmission electron microscope and measured the CD157/cyclic ADP-ribose signaling pathway-related protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay. The CD157 ADPR-cyclase activity and Fluo-4 AM was used to detect the Ca2+ signal. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6 software. Unpaired t-test was used for the analysis of two groups. Multiple comparisons were evaluated by one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA. Results CD157 on BMSCs was upregulated when co-cultured with injured VSC4.1 motor neurons. Upregulation of CD157 on BMSCs could raise the transfer extracellular mitochondria particles to VSC4.1 motor neurons, gradually regenerate the axon of VSC4.1 motor neuron and reduce the cell apoptosis. Transplantation of CD157-modified BMSCs at the injured sites could significantly improve the functional recovery, axon regeneration, and neuron apoptosis in SCI rats. The level of Ca2+ in CD157-modified BMSCs dramatically increased when objected to high concentration cADPR, ATP content, and MMP of BMSCs also increased. Conclusion The present results suggested that CD157 can regulate the production and transfer of BMSC-derived extracellular mitochondrial particles, enriching the mechanism of the extracellular mitochondrial transfer in BMSCs transplantation and providing a novel strategy to improve the stem cell treatment on SCI.

Both remote sensing and geochemical exploration technologies are effective tools for detecting target objects. Although information on anomalous geochemical elemental abundances differs in terms of professional attributes from remote sensing data, both are based on geological bodies or phenomena on the Earth’s surface. Therefore, exploring the use of remote sensing data with high spatial resolution to improve the accuracy of small-scale geochemical data, and fusing them to obtain large-scale geochemical layers could provide new data for geological and mineral exploration through inversion. This study provides a method of fusing remote sensing images with small-scale geochemical data based on a linear regression model that improves the resolution of geochemical elemental layers and provides reference data for mineral exploration in areas lacking large-scale geochemical data. In the Xianshuigou area of Northwest China, a fusion study was conducted using 200,000 geochemical and remote sensing data. The method provides fused large-scale regional chemical data in well-exposed areas where large-scale geochemical data are lacking and could provide potential data sources for regional mineral exploration.

Laser-induced near-field effect, which confines the laser energy in a nano scale region to be enhanced, allows the laser fabrication with a resolution much smaller than the wavelength. Owing to such a high fabrication resolution, the laser-induced near-field fabrication has been attracting much attention as a tool for the surface nanostructuring. In this report, we introduce a novel method based on the laser-induced near-field reduction using a femtosecond laser by which gold nanocluster arrays are formed on substrates with the assistance of self-assembled silica microspheres. In the laser near-field reduction, the incident laser is focused in the vicinity of the backside of the silica microspheres to initiate synthesis of gold nanoparticles, followed by creation of gold nanoclusters by continuous growth of the gold nanoparticles along the silica microsphere surfaces. In addition, laser-treated MoS2 quantum dots are mixed in the gold precursor to increase the reduction efficiency for the formation of spherical gold nanoclusters. The gold nanocluster arrays provide potential applications for plasmonic devices.

Abstract Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) typically infects oral or anogenital squamous epithelium and causes blisters and ulcerations. Here we reported an unusual case of HSV induced exuberant rectal inflammatory pseudotumor with vascular endothelial involvement. Case presentations A 52-year old man with HIV presented with abdominal pain, rectal drainage and constipation. Proctoscopy and CT scans revealed an 8 × 5 × 4 cm circumferential, mid-lower rectal mass that was concerning for malignancy. PET-CT showed mild to moderate FDG uptake of the rectal mass. Repeated biopsies showed exuberant lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with rich eosinophils and necrosis in the submucosa and scattered single or multi-nucleated viral inclusions in vascular endothelial cells that were positive for HSV by immunostains. There was no evidence of malignancy on histology or by immunostains. The patient started valacyclovir for three weeks and symptoms resolved after the antiviral therapy. Follow-up CT and sigmoidoscopy with biopsy revealed no rectal mass or drainable collection. Conclusions HSV may present as proctitis with exuberant inflammatory response and mass-like lesion, and damages vascular endothelial cells in patients with HIV. The HSV-associated mass-like lesion can be effectively treated by 3-week valacyclovir.

Understanding principles of neuronal connectivity requires tools for quantification and visualization of large datasets. Here, the authors introduce an online resource encompassing the coordinates of two million neurons labelled by tracer injections in the marmoset cortex, and analysis tools.

Geochemical data can reflect geological features, making it one of the basic types of geodata that have been widely used in mineral exploration, environmental assessment, resource potential analysis and other research. However, final decisions regarding activities are often limited by the spatial accuracy of geochemical data. Geochemical sampling is sometimes difficult to conduct because of harsh natural and geographic conditions (e.g., mountainous areas with high altitude and complex terrain), meaning that only medium/low-precision survey data could be obtained, which may not be adequate for regional geochemical mapping and exploration. Modern techniques such as remote sensing could be used to address this issue. In recent decades, the development of remote sensing technology has provided a huge amount of earth observation data with high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The advantage of rapid acquisition of spatial and spectral information of large areas has promoted the broad use of remote sensing data in geoscientific research. Remote sensing data can help to differentiate various ground features by recording the electromagnetic response of the surface to solar radiation. Many problems that occur during the process of fusing remote sensing and geochemical data have been reported, such as the feasibility of existing fusion methods and low fusion accuracies that are less useful in practice. In this paper, a new strategy for integrating geochemical data and remote sensing data (referred to as ASTER data) is proposed; this strategy is achieved through linear regression as well as random forest and support vector regression algorithms. The results show that support vector regression can obtain better results for the available data sets and prove that the strategy currently proposed can effectively support the fusion of high-spatial-resolution remote sensing data (15 m) and low-spatial-resolution geochemical data (2000 m) in wide-range accurate geochemical applications (e.g., lithological identification and geochemical exploration).

Femtosecond laser pulses with GHz burst mode that consist of a series of trains of ultrashort laser pulses with a pulse interval of several hundred picoseconds offer distinct features in material processing that cannot be obtained by the conventional irradiation scheme of femtosecond laser pulses (single-pulse mode). However, most studies using the GHz burst mode femtosecond laser pulses focus on ablation of materials to achieve high-efficiency and high-quality material removal. In this study, we explore the ability of the GHz burst mode femtosecond laser processing to form laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on silicon. It is well known that the direction of LIPSS formed by the single-pulse mode with linearly polarized laser pulses is typically perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. In contrast, we find that the GHz burst mode femtosecond laser (wavelength: 1030 nm, intra-pulse duration: 220 fs, intra-pulse interval time (intra-pulse repetition rate): 205 ps (4.88 GHz), burst pulse repetition rate: 200 kHz) creates unique two-dimensional (2D) LIPSS. We regard the formation mechanism of 2D LIPSS as the synergetic contribution of the electromagnetic mechanism and the hydrodynamic mechanism. Specifically, generation of hot spots with highly enhanced electric fields by the localized surface plasmon resonance of subsequent pulses in the bursts within the nanogrooves of one-dimensional LIPSS formed by the preceding pulses creates 2D LIPSS. Additionally, hydrodynamic instability including convection flow determines the final structure of 2D LIPSS.

In this study, a temperature imaging method based on a magnetic nanoparticle thermometer is proposed and evaluated. We first constructed a new model for finding the single temperature of magnetic nanoparticles with core size distribution. Specifically, we employed an air-core coil as a magnetic probe, which measured the magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We then constructed a relation between the output signal of an air-core coil in the direction of the geometric center axis and the magnetization of the MNPs in a 2-D imaging area based on the magnetic dipole theory. Once this was achieved, we established a temperature imaging model by utilizing Green function as the convolution kernel, which describes the distance relationship between MNPs and the geometric center axis of the air-cored coil. After this, we calculated the harmonic distribution by a deconvolution algorithm and determined the temperature of the MNPs at different positions based on the model of harmonic amplitude and temperature, resulting in the 2-D temperature distribution. The simulation proved that the model and method of 2-D temperature distribution measurement could theoretically be acceptable. In the experiment, the 2-D temperature distribution of multi-chip power LEDs was measured accurately by a homemade system, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method for temperature imaging. This method is expected to provide a new solution for measuring the internal temperature distribution of opaque objects under extreme conditions.

The computational material science based on molecular dynamics method is critical for the investigation of the micro-nano scale plastic deformation, which helps to clarify the competition relationship between different plastic deformation mechanisms of magnesium alloys.The mechanism of slip, twinning and grain boundary sliding in magnesium alloys was summarized; the basic principles of molecular dynamics and the potential functions commonly applied to the hexagonal close-packed structure metals were briefly introduced. Moreover,the research progress of plastic deformation mechanism of Mg alloys based on the molecular dynamics was mainly analyzed. Based on the main problems mentioned above, it was pointed out that the development of high-precision potential function for magnesium alloy multiple systems and how to achieve the relationship of multiple scales will be the focused directions in the further research.

Synthesis of discrete reduced metal atoms weakly coordinated and stabilized in liquid media remains challenging. Here, the authors report the genesis of mononuclear electron deficient Pt1(0) in polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene glycol aggregates, and its ultrahigh activity in olefin hydrosilylation with excellent terminal adducts selectivity.

In order to study the lubricating property of low-speed heavy-duty bearing under the condition of different loads and speed, such as the oil film thickness, oil film pressure and changes of oil film velocity. Building model of fluid-structure interaction by using ABAQUS software, and it can get a conclusion: the oil film thickness distributes in rectangular section, the thickness of oil film between the rolling element and inner ring is thinner than that between rolling element and outer ring, the oil film pressure increases gradually at the entrance of the contact zone, and the oil film pressure at the inner raceway contact point is greater than that of the outer raceway. The oil film velocity of the liquid-solid intersection is greater than that of the free surface, and the oil film velocity is the fastest in the contact zone. With the increase of rotating speed, the oil film thickness and oil film pressure increase; with the increase of load, the oil film thickness decreases, and the oil film pressure increases.

Based on the force model of the ball in the cage type constant velocity universal joint,the expressions of the circumferential force of the groove on the steel ball,the normal contact force of the channel to the steel ball and the normal contact force of the cage window to the steel ball are deduced when the steel ball moves in the inner groove and the bell shaped outer channel of the star sleeve. On this basis,based on the Herzt contact theory,the above force is verified by Adams dynamics.The results show that the simulation results are basically consistent with the theoretical calculation. The circumferential force,the normal contact force,the friction force of the steel ball and the star sleeve and the friction force of the seven channel cage type constant velocity universal joint are less than that of the six channel,and they change with the change of the swinging angle.

There are elastic deformation and rigid-flexible coupling effects in the motion of parallel mechanism, which have great influence on the motion and stability of the mechanism. Aiming at the above problems, taking the 3-DOF rigid-flexible coupled parallel robot as research object， based on linear MSTMM， the multi-body system model and topological structure model of rigid-flexible coupled robot are established, and the spatial transformation equation and dynamics equation of the whole system are derived. Then the simulation model of robot SimMechanics is established by Matlab software, and the trajectory tracking of the robot is simulated based on PID control strategy. The simulation results show that the actual trajectory of the robot is in good agreement with the expected trajectory, and the system motion is stable. Thus the correctness and effectiveness of the modeling method are verified， a theoretical basis for further research on the parallel mechanism is provided.

Ultra-short laser pulses possess many advantages for materials processing. Ultrafast laser has a significantly low thermal effect on the areas surrounding the focal point; therefore, it is a promising tool for micro- and submicro-sized precision processing. In addition, the nonlinear multiphoton absorption phenomenon of focused ultra-short pulses provides a promising method for the fabrication of various structures on transparent material, such as glass and transparent polymers. A laser direct writing process was applied in the fabrication of high-performance three-dimensional (3D) structured multilayer micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) on polymer substrates exhibiting a peak specific capacitance of 42.6 mF·cm−2 at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm−2. Furthermore, a flexible smart sensor array on a polymer substrate was fabricated for multi-flavor detection. Different surface treatments such as gold plating, reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) coating, and polyaniline (PANI) coating were accomplished for different measurement units. By applying principal component analysis (PCA), this sensing system showed a promising result for flavor detection. In addition, two-dimensional (2D) periodic metal nanostructures inside 3D glass microfluidic channels were developed by all-femtosecond-laser processing for real-time surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The processing mechanisms included laser ablation, laser reduction, and laser-induced surface nano-engineering. These works demonstrate the attractive potential of ultra-short pulsed laser for surface precision manufacturing. Keywords: Ultra-short pulsed laser processing, Microdevices, Supercapacitor, Electronic tongue, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables trace-detection for biosensing and environmental monitoring. Optimized enhancement of SERS can be achieved when the energy of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is close to the energy of the Raman excitation wavelength. The LSPR can be tuned using a plasmonic superstructure array with controlled periods. In this paper, we develop a new technique based on laser near-field reduction to fabricate a superstructure array, which provides distinct features in the formation of periodic structures with hollow nanoclusters and flexible control of the LSPR in fewer steps than current techniques. Fabrication involves irradiation of a continuous wave laser or femtosecond laser onto a monolayer of self-assembled silica microspheres to grow silver nanoparticles along the silica microsphere surfaces by laser near-field reduction. The LSPR of superstructure array can be flexibly tuned to match the Raman excitation wavelengths from the visible to the infrared regions using different diameters of silica microspheres. The unique nanostructure formed can contribute to an increase in the sensitivity of SERS sensing. The fabricated superstructure array thus offers superior characteristics for the quantitative analysis of fluorescent perfluorooctanoic acid with a wide detection range from 11 ppb to 400 ppm.

A new type of parallel robot ROBO_003 is presented. Its mechanisms, kinematics, and virtual prototype technology are introduced. The research of degrees of freedom (DOF) is based on screw theory, a set of screw is separated as a branch, which named as constrain screw. The type of three DOF gained by counting constrain screw, the moving platform’s frame, and base platform’s frame is set, respectively, a complete kinematic research including closed-form solutions for direct kinematic problem. The 3-D model of ROBO_003 is established using SOLIDWORKS; position and orientation of motion platform can be gained using ADMAS, which is a type of virtual prototype technology. The resultant shows that the structure of ROBO_003 is reasonable, three DOF of motion platform can be operated in a reasonable range, the solutions to the direct kinematics are right, and robot ROBO_003 can be used in many industrial fields. The research of this article provides a basis for the practical application of parallel robotics ROBO_003.

Local stress concentrations pose a significant hazard to the safe operation of pipelines. However, the classical analytical model of the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal is still unable to effectively quantitatively analyze and accurately evaluate the local stress concentration zone of a pipeline. In this paper, based on the Jiles–Atherton model of the magnetomechanical effect, the mathematical relationship between stress and the magnetization of ferromagnetic material under hysteresis conditions is introduced, and an improved analytical model of the MFL signal based on the magnetomechanical model is established. The influence law of stress intensity on the MFL signal in the local stress concentration zone of the pipeline is calculated and analyzed, and the theoretical calculation results are verified through experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that, considering the hysteresis condition, the stress causes a change in the hysteresis loop of the ferromagnetic material, and the magnetization strength of the material decreases with increasing stress; the effect of stress on the magnetization strength of ferromagnetic materials is most obvious when the external magnetic field is approximately 5 KA/m. The MFL signal on the surface of the local stress concentration zone of the pipe changes abruptly, and the amount of change in the axial amplitude and radial peak-to-peak value of the leakage signal of the pipe tends to increase with the increase in the stress intensity of the local stress concentration zone. A comparison of the analysis with the classical analytical model of the MFL signal shows that the improved analytical model of the MFL signal is more suitable for the quantification study of the local stress concentration zone of the pipeline.

In order to improve the logistics level of fresh prairie fresh products and promote the transformation and upgrading of the logistics of fresh grassland products, a new concept of cloud logistics is put forward. On this basis, an optimal scheduling algorithm for shared cloud logistics resources is designed for fresh prairie fresh products.First, we use DFS, Mapreduce and other big data related technologies to achieve parallel computing and design new logistics resource encapsulation and organization form in this algorithm. We analyze the existing problems of cloud logistics resource scheduling algorithm and propose solutions. A shared cloud logistics resource optimization scheduling algorithm for grassland fresh products is adopted. Dynamic NSGA-II（Multiobjective genetic algorithm） resource planning model is used to find a fast solution for NSGA-II models, and provide a solution for cloud logistics to break through the bottleneck of development. Experiments show that the algorithm is efficient, applicable and stable, and it can effectively improve the current level of fresh grassland logistics, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the current logistics enterprises.

Abstract: The high fatality of patients with blast phase (BP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) necessitates identification of high-risk (HR) patients to prevent onset of BP. Here, we investigated the risk of BP based on additional chromosomal abnormality (ACA) profiles in a cohort of 2326 CML patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We examined the time intervals from initial diagnosis to ACA emergence (interval 1), from ACA emergence to onset of BP (interval 2), and survival after onset of BP (interval 3). Based on BP risk associated with each ACA, patients were stratified into intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and HR groups, with a median duration of interval 2 of unreached, 19.2 months, and 1.9 months, respectively. There was no difference in durations of intervals 1 or 3 among 3 groups. Including patients without ACAs who formed the standard-risk group, the overall 5-year cumulative probability of BP was 9.8%, 28.0%, 41.7%, and 67.4% for these 4 groups, respectively. The pre-BP disease course in those who developed BP was similar regardless of cytogenetic alterations, and 84.4% of BP patients developed BP within the first 5 years of diagnosis. In summary, interval 2 is the predominant determinant of BP risk and patient outcome. By prolonging the duration of interval 2, TKI therapy mitigates BP risk associated with low-risk ACAs or no ACAs but does not alter the natural course of CML with HR ACAs. Thus, we have identified a group of patients who have HR of BP and may benefit from timely alternative treatment to prevent onset of BP.