Search

Background: WHO and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recognise the words "post maturity," "post term," "postdate," and "prolongedpregnancy" to describe pregnancies that continue beyond their intended end points (expected date of delivery). As much as 10% of pregnancies become more complicated due to a pregnancy that lasts longer than expected, and this poses risks to both the mother and the unborn child. Objective: To study of medical induction of labour in post-dated pregnancy. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh from January to June 2022. 100 patients included in our study. Labour induction in post-dated pregnancy was performed only after appropriate assessment of the mother and foetus. The inclusion criteria were intact membrane, cephalic presentation, singleton pregnancies, low Bishop score in post-dated pregnancies. Absolute contraindications to induction of labour include contracted pelvis, placenta previa, unexplained vaginal bleeding, presentation other than head and previous caesarean section were excluded from the study. This study shows that the main method was oxytocin drip and second method was ARM+oxytocin in drip, some cases induced by using oral prostaglandin and very few cases induced by intra cervical prostaglandin. Results: During the study 21-31 years age group, 60%. 42% were in oxytocin drip followed by 38% were in ARM + Oxytocin drip, 14% were in misoprostol in oxytocin drip 30% were failed cases followed by in ARM + Oxytocin drip it was 25%, in misoprostol it was 14%. Majority had Spontaneous vaginal delivery followed by 15% had Delivery by Caesarean section and 10% had Delivery with the aid of Forceps. 13% had foetal distress and 5% had unfavorable cervix. 75% were healthy baby and 20% were distress baby. Conclusion: Successful birth outcomes are strongly correlated with labor starting at the optimal time. An accurate diagnosis of postdatism is crucial. Mothers' worries and issues related to postdatism may be reduced with the help of sound guidance and close observation from healthcare providers. Due to technical constraints in foetal monitoring and oxytocin titration, caesarean section is often used to terminate most post-dated pregnancies in various hospitals throughout the nation. When a mature cervix and optimal fetal presentation are present, inducing labor seems to be safe for both the woman and the baby.

Background: Many people still lack access to health care in countries like Bangladesh, despite the country's impressive record of improvement and growth in this area. Pregnancy-related hypertension is the most prevalent medical issue. Objective: In this study our main goal is to compare the efficacy of labetalol and methyldopa in treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension. Method: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali over a period of 2 years from September 2019 to September 2021, after taking ethical committee clearance. 180 Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive women after 20 weeks of pregnancy coming to hospital over a period of 2 years on IPD basis from September 2019 to September 2012 were included as sample size. Among 180 patients of PIH, 90 were given Labetalol (group A) and 90 were given Methyldopa (group B). Results: during the study, with labetalol, the mean arterial pressure on admission was 109.48mmHg which reduced to 96.90mmHg on day 7. Reduction in MAP was statistically significant. On comparing the two drugs, MAP on admission were comparable but on day 7, significant fall in MAP was seen in patients receiving labetalol. In the present study, the mean time required to control BP in group A was 42.22 hours and in group Bit was 36.97 hours. In group A, 40% patients required a dose of 750 mg/day to achieve optimal BPcontrol. Whereas 52% patients had their BP controlled with 300mg / day. Thus the rate of spontaneous labour was more in patients treated with labetalol. Patients in both group where in both group most common side-effect observed was headache. 8% patients in Group A and 7% patients in group B had this symptom. Conclusion: The freedom from maternal and fetal side-effects, the efficient hypotensive action indicates that labetalol is suitable for use during pregnancy.

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis is a surgical disease that can require significant dedication from both patient and surgeon to eradicate. Treatment requires isolation of pathogen, significant debridement for removal of all infective and necrotic material, then bony and soft tissue reconstruction. Objective: We shall try to highlight the option of management of a pan-Diaphyseal osteomyelitis of a children in the new era of osteosynthesis by Ilizarov. Discussion: A two years old baby presented to us with the H/O chronic discharging sinus and arm sling for around 3 months. After clinical history taking and examination, radiography and pus testing (C/S) and sequestrum and pathological fracture was the identifying points we took the plan for exploration curettage and drainage. Finally we fix the arm by Ilizarov osteosynthesis for more than 3 months. The wound healed and osteomyelitis resolved. Conclusion: Use of Ilizarov osteosynthesis for fixation and wire tension effect to resolve the infection1,2 Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(2): 157-158

長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1294号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年12月2日, (2020-12-02)

Asymptomatic leishmaniasis is believed to play important role in maintaining the transmission of Leishmania spp. within endemic communities. Therefore, the efforts to eliminate leishmaniasis are daunting if we cannot manage asymptomatic leishmaniasis well. To clarify the global prevalence and factors associated with the asymptomatic Leishmania infection, we assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis by a systematic review followed by meta-analyses. In addition, factors associated with the asymptomatic leishmaniasis versus symptomatic were also analyzed. We included all of the original articles alluding to the human asymptomatic leishmaniasis that was confirmed by at least one laboratory diagnosis method regardless of age, sex, race, and ethnicity of the patients, study design, publication date or languages. In total, 111 original articles were chosen for the data extraction. Based on our meta-analyses of the original articles reporting asymptomatic leishmaniasis mostly in endemic areas, the prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis was 11.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.6%‐14.4%] in general population, 36.7% [95% CI 27.6%‐46.8%] in inhabitants living in the same or neighboring household to the symptomatic patients, and 11.8% [95% CI 7.1%-19%] in HIV infected patients. Among individuals with leishmaniasis, 64.9% [95% CI 54.7%-73.9%] were asymptomatic and males were more susceptible to develop symptoms, with OR=1.88, 95% CI 1.19-2.99, P=0.007. Meta-regression analysis showed no significant change in the prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis during the last 40 years.

The aim of this study was to find out the adhesion formation after closing of parietal peritoneum at primary caesarean section done in different indications; the patients were admitted in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital, a rural tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. In this study total 872 pregnant women were evaluated in 4 years period, who were admitted either from OPD or through emergency. Most of the caesarean sections were done due to elective causes. After the primary caesarean section, the repeat caesarean section was done in the same hospital by same surgeon within these time period and observed that there was no or few filmy adhesions were formed. So it was evaluated that, objectively to accept this step that is peritoneal closure in our operation procedure to reduce peritoneal adhesion formation.KYAMC Journal Vol. 6, No.-2, Jan 2016, Page 627-630

Concrete is most widely used construction material. It is a major part of development in all countries especially in a developing country like India. Concrete plays very important role in the infrastructural development, concrete possess a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. The abundant availability of raw materials, excellent strength and durability, low manufacturing and maintenance cost, versatility in forming various shapes and unlimited structural application in combination with steel reinforcement has made the concrete a common construction material. The growth and advancement in concrete technology has made the construction to reach at high level with superior construction techniques and methodologies. The present review paper mainly focuses on research papers carried in the field of fibre reinforced concrete, which includes experimentation studies, strength and durability properties, effect on fibres etc. The latest developments in fibre reinforced concrete have been emphasized in the present review paper. The literature papers collected are mostly concentrated on the review of published papers after 2010. The paper represents a complete collection of the studies carried out in the field of fibre reinforced composites. The review article would give an updated material for the researchers in the field of fibre reinforced concrete. Thus helps them to carry out the research related to fibres, fibre composite etc, and can furnish in their studies and help them to arrive at feasible outcomes.

We report a 70 years old postmenopausal lady Mrs Johura Begum presented to us with the complaints of watery and foul smelling per vaginal discharge for 4-5 months, occasional per vaginal bleeding for 2-3 months lower abdominal pain for 15 days, fever for 7 days. On general examination she was restless, her temperature was 1020F and lower abdomen was tender. On per vaginal examination there were foul smelling discharge and a large ulcerated and necrossed mass in the vaginal canal that bleeds on touch. She was managed surgically. Now she is on chemotherapy and well.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 818-820

The need to characterize ices coating dust grains in dense interstellar clouds arises from the importance of ice morphology in facilitating the diffusion and storage of radicals and reaction products in ices, a well-known place for the formation of complex molecules. Yet, there is considerable uncertainty about the structure of ISM ices, their ability to store volatiles and under what conditions. We measured the infrared absorption spectra of CO on the pore surface of porous amorphous solid water (ASW), and quantified the effective pore surface area of ASW. Additionally, we present results obtained from a Monte Carlo model of ASW in which the morphology of the ice is directly visualized and quantified. We found that 200 ML of ASW annealed to 20 K has a total pore surface area that is equivalent to 46 ML. This surface area decreases linearly with temperature to about 120 K. We also found that (1) dangling OH bonds only exist on the surface of pores; (2) almost all of the pores in the ASW are connected to the vacuum--ice interface, and are accessible for adsorption of volatiles from the gas phase; there are few closed cavities inside ASW at least up to a thickness of 200 ML; (3) the total pore surface area is proportional to the total 3-coordinated water molecules in the ASW in the temperature range 60--120 K. We also discuss the implications on the structure of ASW and surface reactions in the ice mantle in dense clouds., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures

The diffusion of atoms and molecules in ices covering dust grains in dense clouds in interstellar space is an important but poorly characterized step in the formation of complex molecules in space. Here we report the measurement of diffusion of simple molecules in amorphous solid water (ASW), an analog of interstellar ices, which are amorphous and made mostly of water molecules. The new approach that we used relies on measuring in situ the change in band strength and position of mid-infrared features of OH dangling bonds as molecules move through pores and channels of ASW. We obtained the Arrhenius pre-exponents and activation energies for diffusion of CO, O$_2$, N$_2$, CH$_4$, and Ar in ASW. The diffusion energy barrier of H$_2$ and D$_2$ were also measured, but only upper limits were obtained. These values constitute the first comprehensive set of diffusion parameters of simple molecules on the pore surface of ASW, and can be used in simulations of the chemical evolution of ISM environments, thus replacing unsupported estimates. We also present a set of argon temperature programmed desorption experiments to determine the desorption energy distribution of argon on non-porous ASW., 10 pages, 10 figures

Hydrogen, being the most abundant element, is the driver of many if not most reactions occurring on interstellar dust grains. In hydrogen atom addition reactions, the rate is usually determined by the surface kinetics of the hydrogen atom instead of the other reaction partner. Three mechanisms exist to explain hydrogen addition reactions on surfaces: Langmuir-Hinshelwood, Eley-Rideal, and hot-atom. In gas-grain models, which mechanism is assumed greatly affects the simulation results. In this work, we quantify the temperature dependence of the rates of atomic hydrogen addition reactions by studying the reaction of H+O$_3$$\rightarrow$O$_2$+OH on the surface of a film of non-porous amorphous solid water (np-ASW) in the temperature range from 10 K to 50 K. The reaction rate is found to be temperature independent. This disagrees with the results of simulations with a network of rate equations that assume Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism through either thermal diffusion or tunneling diffusion; the reaction rates assuming such mechanism possesses a strong temperature dependence, either explicitly or implicitly, that is not seen experimentally. We suggest that the Eley-Rideal and/or hot-atom mechanism play a key role in hydrogen atom addition reactions, and should be included in gas-grain models. We also suggest that our newly developed time-resolved reactive scattering can be utilized to measure the chemical desorption efficiency in grain surface reactions., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, ApJ accepted

Observations by ISO and Spitzer towards young stellar objects (YSOs) showed that CO$_2$ segregates in the icy mantles covering dust grains. Thermal processing of ice mixture was proposed as responsible for the segregation. Although several laboratory studied thermally induced segregation, a satisfying quantification is still missing. We propose that the diffusion of CO$_2$ along pores inside water ice is the key to quantify segregation. We combined Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Reflection Absorption InfraRed Spectroscopy (RAIRS) to study how CO$_2$ molecules interact on a non-porous amorphous solid water (np-ASW) surface. We found that CO$_2$ diffuses significantly on a np-ASW surface above 65~K and clusters are formed at well below one monolayer. A simple rate equation simulation finds that the diffusion energy barrier of CO$_2$ on np-ASW is 2150$\pm$50 K, assuming a diffusion pre-exponential factor of 10$^{12}$ s$^{-1}$. This energy should also apply to the diffusion of CO$_2$ on wall of pores. The binding energy of CO$_2$ from CO$_2$ clusters and CO$_2$ from H$_2$O ice have been found to be $2415\pm20$ and $2250\pm20$~K, respectively, assuming the same prefactor for desorption. CO$_2$-CO$_2$ interaction is stronger than CO$_2$-H$_2$O interaction, in agreement with the experimental finding that CO$_2$ does not wet np-ASW surface. For comparison, we carried out similar experiments with CO on np-ASW, and found that the CO-CO interaction is always weaker than CO-H$_2$O. As a result, CO wets np-ASW surface. This study should be of help to uncover the thermal history of CO$_2$ on the icy mantles of dust grains., 8 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ