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Oily sludge is a solid emulsified waste created by the petroleum industry. Solid particles, crude oil, and water comprise most of their composition. Because it contains high concentrations of cycloalkanes, benzene series, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other harmful and hazardous substances, it poses a severe risk to human health and the environment. It must be treated to reduce its toxicity. However, crude oil is a significant component of oily sludge and has a high recycling value. As a result, numerous procedures for extracting crude oil from oily sludge have been developed, including solvent extraction, pyrolysis, centrifugation, ultrasonic treatment, electronic treatment, flotation, supercritical treatment, and combination processes. The primary purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of various recycling technologies and to compare their benefits, drawbacks, and ways of action. This concept is expected to be the cornerstone for future recycling technology development.

This research is aimed at studying the properties of polymer anticorrosion coatings based on ED-20 resin widely used in practice and industrial wastes. In this work, three basic types of nanoscale nanofillers were chosen: dispersed particles—microsilica, microspheres obtained at Kazakh enterprises, and carbon nanotubes. Physicochemical research methods were used in the research: a laser analyzer for studying the dispersibility of industrial waste and spectrometric research methods. The properties of materials were investigated by standardized methods. The obtained results show that the introduction of microsilica and microspheres obtained at Kazakhstani enterprises, used as additives, improves both the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites compared to the standard (control) material. The results of experiments have shown that the optimal content of additives of microsilica and microspheres provides an improvement in the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites in comparison with the standard (control) material. Studies have shown that the introduction of microspheres into ED-20 polymer increases impact toughness. The introduction of microsilica into the matrix contributes to the increase of elastic modulus. Experimental studies of optical properties of samples of carbon composite polymer films based on polystyrene (PS) with additives of carbon nanotubes C60 and C70 and multilayer carbon nanotubes were also carried out. The experimental results obtained for the optical properties of polymer composites based on basic polymers from solid waste and carbon nanotubes showed that the optical properties of polymer composites undergo noticeable changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of industrial waste and secondary raw materials, in particular, in the production of metallic silicon and silicon-containing alloys, which include silica vapors (microsilica), is the main task of implementing environmental policy and solves the problem of their storage and negative impact on the environment, in order to reuse them in polymer composites. The use of microsilica as a filler in composite materials based on epoxy resins contributes to a positive effect on the basic properties of the resin, and also makes it possible to use the composite material as coatings and parts in the repair of machinery and equipment. The aim of the work was to establish the positive effect of microsilica as a filler in composite materials based on ED-20 epoxy resin on improving the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials. Within the framework of this work, studies were conducted to test composite materials based on ED-20 epoxy resin, differing in different filler content of 2, 5, 10, 15 wt. % on impact strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, adhesion and impact strength of the coating. The analysis of the obtained results showed a positive effect of microsilica as a filler in composite materials based on ED-20 epoxy resin on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material. The optimal filler content was determined, which is 2 % of the mass of the ED-20 epoxy resin, while an increase in adhesion, toughness of the composite material by 45 %, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity by 21 % and 5 %, respectively, and the strength of the coating on impact by 32 %, compared with the addition of microsilica in ED-20, which shows the prospects of using microsilica as a filler in composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]