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Abstract—We studied the effect of prenatal stress on the activity of glutathione-bound enzymes in the subcellular fractions of neurons and neuroglia of rat neocortex. The results of the study showed that prenatal stress causes changes in the activity of these enzymes in both neurons and neocortical neuroglia. These changes differ in the subcellular fractions of the studied cell populations. In the nuclei of neurons and neuroglia fraction, the activity of glutathione peroxidase increases. In the cytosol of neurons fraction, the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreases, while in the cytosol of neuroglia it grows. In neuronal mitochondria, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase increases, while in the neuroglial mitochondria fraction, the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreases. It has been suggested that a change in the activity of these enzymes in the subcellular fractions of neurons and neuroglia is one of the causes for the resistance of the neocortex to the effects of prenatal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the role of somatotropin (ST) in osmotic regulation of anadromous acipenserids, the dynamics of hormone concentration in blood serum of juvenile Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt (age 4 months, average length 16.9 cm, average weight 17.1 g) during fish adaptation to hyperosmotic medium of 12.5‰ salinity (403 mOsm/l) was evaluated for the first time. During the first 24 h after the transfer of fish from freshwater to hyperosmotic medium, an increase of ST serum concentration (up to 2.06 ± 0.09 vs. 0.98 ± 0.03 pg/ml in control fish from freshwater) was observed. This increase occurs concurrently with an increase in blood serum osmolarity (up to 386.2 ± 4.0 mOsm/l vs. 218.5 ± 4.9 mOsm/l in control) resulting from the diffusion of water from the organism under new osmotic gradient, as well as with the period of morphofunctional remodelling of the osmoregulatory system corresponding to the transition of fish to hypoosmotic regulation. 24 h after the start of the experiment, fish that have shifted to hypoosmotic regulation display the adaptive decrease in osmolarity (aimed at maintaining the relative constancy of blood serum) and the ST concentration (down to 1.18 ± 0.16 pg/ml after 120 h, comparable with that in the control fish). It is concluded that during transition of juvenile Russian sturgeon to hypoosmotic regulation, ST becomes involved in morphofunctional remodelling of the osmoregulatory system concurrently with other components of this system. ST-immunopositive cells were revealed in the dorsal part of mesoadenohypophysis of Russian sturgeon juveniles by immunochemical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of glutathione-associated antioxidant enzymes in subcellular fractions (cytosolic, mitochondrial, and cell nucleus fractions) was investigated in the liver of adult male Wistar rats born after prenatal stress was. Two groups of animals were studied in the experiment: (1) control group included - animals was born by intact mothers, and (2) prenatal stress group included animals whose mothers were subjected to immobilization stress in high-light conditions from the 15th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in prenatally stressed animals decreased in the fractions of nuclei and mitochondria compared to the control group, while the activity of glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7.) increased in the same subcellular fractions. The activity of glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) in prenatally stressed rats reduced in the cytosol and mitochondrial fractions as compared to control group. Redistribution of the antioxidant enzyme activity in the cytosol, the fraction of nuclei and the mitochondrial fraction of liver tissue may contribute to the formation of the pathological phenotype of prenatally stressed offspring.