8 results on '"Sell, Marili"'
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2. Adapting to climate change: responses of fine root traits and C exudation in five tree species with different light-use strategy.
- Author
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Sell, Marili, Rohula-Okunev, Gristin, Kupper, Priit, and Ostonen, Ivika
- Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation ,EUROPEAN white birch ,SCOTS pine ,NORWAY spruce ,EXUDATION (Botany) - Abstract
Trees that are categorised by their light requirements have similarities in their growth strategies and adaptation mechanisms. We aimed to understand the complex responses of elevated air humidity on whole tree fine root carbon (C) exudation (Ex
C ) and respiration rate, morphology, and functional distribution in species with different light requirements. Three light-demanding (LD) species, Populus Ã--wettsteinii, Betula pendula, and Pinus sylvestris, and two shade-tolerant species, Picea abies and Tilia cordata saplings were grown in growth chambers under moderate and elevated air relative humidity (eRH) at two different inorganic nitrogen sources with constant air temperature and light availability. The proportion of assimilated carbon released by ExC , and respiration decreased at eRH; up to about 3 and 27%, respectively. There was an indication of a trade-off between fine root released C and biomass allocation. The elevated air humidity changed the tree biomass allocation and fine root morphology, and the responses were species-specific. The specific fine root area and absorptive root proportion were positively related to canopy net photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen concentration across tree species. The variation in ExC was explained by the trees' light-use strategy (p < 0.05), showing higher exudation rates in LD species. The LD species had a higher proportion of pioneer root tips, which related to the enhanced ExC . Our findings highlight the significant role of fine root functional distribution and morphological adaptation in determining rhizosphere C fluxes in changing environmental conditions such as the predicted increase of air humidity in higher latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Keskkonnamuutuste mõju hemiboreaalsete puuliikide ökofüsioloogiale – maa-alused kohanemismehhanismid
- Author
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Sell, Marili, Kupper, Priit, juhendaja, Ostonen-Märtin, Ivika, juhendaja, and Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond
- Subjects
dissertations ,trees (botany) ,keskkonnamuutused ,ecophysiology ,dissertatsioonid ,mixed forests ,ETD ,ökofüsioloogia ,puud (bot.) ,juurestik ,väitekirjad ,environmental changes ,root system ,segametsad - Abstract
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone, Käesoleva sajandi lõpuks prognoositakse põhjapoolsetele laiuskraadidele koos temperatuuri ja sademete hulga kasvuga ka õhuniiskuse tõusu. Puude kasvukiirus võib suurenenud õhuniiskusel olla pärsitud ja transpiratsioonist tingitud veevoog läbi puude aeglustub, mis mõjutab vee ja vees lahustunud toitainete liikumist mullas. Kõige vähem on meil teadmisi, kuidas mõjutavad keskkonnamuutused taimede juuri ning vee- ja aineringeid mullas. Puude peened juured, mille ülesandeks on vee ja toitainete omastamine mullast, kohanevad keskkonnamuutustega. Näiteks muutub uute moodustuvate juurte kuju ja suurus ning kui selle tagajärjel suureneb juurte imav pind, siis toitainete kättesaamine paraneb. Lisaks sellele eritavad juured mulda mitmesuguseid orgaanilisi ühendeid. Juureeritised on toiduks juurte pinnal ja lähiümbruses elavatele mikroobidele, kes muudavad mineraalained mullas taimede jaoks kättesaadavamaks. Juureeritistega mulda viidavat süsinikuvoogu on keeruline mõõta ja veel vähem teatakse, kuidas mõjutavad seda keskkonnamuutused. Antud doktoritöö raames analüüsiti viie puuliigi ökofüsioloogilist kohanemist kõrgenenud õhuniiskusele erineva lämmastikuallikaga muldadel. Töö käigus lahendati ka palju metoodilisi küsimusi, näiteks kui palju mõjutab juureeritiste kogust imi-, kasvu- ja juhtejuurte osakaal peenjuurestikus või kuidas analüüsida juurte kasvudünaamikat ajas ning kas kõrgenev õhuniiskus või erinev lämmastikuallikas mõjutavad juurte kasvukäiku oluliselt? Selleks kasutati mitmeid nutikaid lahendusi, näiteks mobiiltelefoni, et pildistada juurte kasvu ning masinõpet piltide analüüsimiseks. Tulemused on uudsed: 1) juureeritiste voog võib olla märkimisväärne ning seostub taime kasvu ja talitlusega, 2) juureeritiste mõõtmisel tuleb arvestada juurestiku talituslikku koostist ja osa puuliike ei ole tundlikud õhuniiskuse muutumisele, 3) õhuniiskuse suurenemine muudab juurte arengut oluliselt, kiireneb vananemine ning väheneb imav pindala, 4) nutitelefonide ja masinõppe kombinatsioon on lihtne, kiire ja täpne meetod juurte kasvu mõõtmiseks laborkatsetes., By the end of this century, the predicted increase in air temperature and precipitation in Northern latitudes will lead to an increase in relative air humidity. Previous studies have shown a decrease in the growth rate of trees. Higher humidity decreases the transpiration rate, which diminishes the force facilitating water and nutrients towards roots. We have limited information on how these changes affect plant roots and water or nutrient cycles in soil. When nutrient availability in soil decreases, trees’ fine roots change their shape and form of new roots, and with the increasing absorptive area, the uptake of nutrients is enhanced. In addition, roots can exude different organic compounds into the soil, which is a food source for soil microbes. These microbes on roots and in the rhizosphere can meediate the necessary mineral nutrient uptake for plants. Measuring these root exudates is difficult, and the effects of environmental changes are unknown. In this study, we analysed the acclimation mechanisms of five tree species to high humidity and different nitrogen forms in soil. We measured how much fine root carbon exudation depends on the functional share of absorptive, pioneer and transport roots, which are all fine roots. Additionally, we implemented smart technologies to measure fine root growth dynamics by taking pictures with mobile phones and analysing the images with machine-learning-based software. Novel outcomes from this study include: 1) fine roots exude substantial amounts of carbon into soil, which is related to plant physiological parameters; 2) future studies measuring fine root exudates should consider root functional distribution and growth of some tree species was less affected by increased air humidity; 3) constant high humidity can change the development of fine roots, intensify root senescence and increase the absorptive area in fine roots; 4) the combination of smartphones and deep-learning methods is easy, fast and accurate to measure fine root growth in growth chambers.
- Published
- 2022
4. Application of deep learning segmentation techniques in smartphone images to assess growth of fine roots of spruce seedlings manipulated by air humidity and soil nitrogen source
- Author
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Sell, Marili, primary, Smith, Abraham George, additional, Burdun, Iuliia, additional, Rohula-Okunev, Gristin, additional, Kupper, Priit, additional, and Ostonen, Ivika, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Responses of fine root exudation, respiration and morphology in three early successional tree species to increased air humidity and different soil nitrogen sources
- Author
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Sell, Marili, primary, Ostonen, Ivika, additional, Rohula-Okunev, Gristin, additional, Rusalepp, Linda, additional, Rezapour, Azadeh, additional, and Kupper, Priit, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Carbon allocation in early successional tree species at elevated air humidity and different soil nitrogen sources
- Author
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Sell, Marili, primary, Ostonen, Ivika, additional, Rohula-Okunev, Gristin, additional, Rezapour, Azadeh, additional, and Kupper, Priit, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Responses of fine root exudation, respiration and morphology in three early successional tree species to increased air humidity and different soil nitrogen sources.
- Author
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Sell, Marili, Ostonen, Ivika, Rohula-Okunev, Gristin, Rusalepp, Linda, Rezapour, Azadeh, and Kupper, Priit
- Subjects
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RESPIRATION in plants , *SCOTS pine , *NITROGEN in soils , *HUMIDITY , *EUROPEAN white birch , *CLIMATE change , *SPECIES , *RESPIRATION - Abstract
Global climate change scenarios predict an increase in air temperature, precipitation and air humidity for northern latitudes. Elevated air humidity may significantly reduce the water flux through forest canopies and affect interactions between water and nutrient uptake. However, we have limited understanding of how altered transpiration would affect root respiration and carbon (C) exudation as fine root morphology acclimates to different water flux. We investigated the effects of elevated air relative humidity (eRH) and different inorganic nitrogen sources (NO3− and NH4+) on above and belowground traits in hybrid aspen (Populus × wettsteinii Hämet-Ahti), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown under controlled climate chamber conditions. The eRH significantly decreased the transpiration flux in all species, decreased root mass-specific exudation in pine, and increased root respiration in aspen. eRH also affected fine root morphology, with specific root area increasing for birch but decreasing in pine. The species comparison revealed that pine had the highest C exudation, whereas birch had the highest root respiration rate. Both humidity and nitrogen treatments affected the share of absorptive and pioneer roots within fine roots; however, the response was species-specific. The proportion of absorptive roots was highest in birch and aspen, the share of pioneer roots was greatest in aspen and the share of transport roots was greatest in pine. Fine roots with lower root tissue density were associated with pioneer root tips and had a higher C exudation rate. Our findings underline the importance of considering species-specific differences in relation to air humidity and soil nitrogen availability that interactively affect the C input–output balance. We highlight the role of changes in the fine root functional distribution as an important acclimation mechanism of trees in response to environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Mulla- ja õhuniiskuse mõju arukase (Betula pendula) kasvule
- Author
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Sell, Marili, Sõber, Anu, juhendaja, Tartu Ülikool. Botaanika osakond, and Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja tehnoloogiateaduskond
- Subjects
biomassi paigutus ,Mulla- ja õhuniiskus ,peenjuured ,magistritööd ,puutüve ruumala indeks - Abstract
Põhjalaiuskraadidel on ennustatud kliimasoojenemist, sademe hulga suurenemist ja seega ka õhuniiskuse suurenemist, mis võivad suuresti mõjutada taimede kasvu ja elutegevust. Looduslikes tingimustes kunstlikult suurendatud õhuniiskusega välikatsel FAHM (Free Air Humidity Manipulation) on täheldatud puu kasvu vähenemist. Mullaniiskuse ning õhuniiskuse mõju uurimiseks kasvatati kontrollitud tingimustega kasvukambrites arukase (Betula pendula) taimi. Taimede, mis kasvasid erinevatel õhuniiskustel ja stabiilsel mullaniiskusel, tüve juurdekasvule suurenenud õhuniiskus mõju ei avaldanud kuid kohanemisreaktsioonina suurenes peenjuurte ning lehtede kuivmassi suhe. Teises katses kasvasid taimed erinevatel mullaniiskustel (35%-85%) ning stabiilsel õhuniiskusel, kus tüve, juurte ja lehtede juurdekasv oli maksimaalne erinevatel mullaniiskustel, vastavalt siis 65%, 50% ja 75% juures maksimaalsest mulla veemahtuvusest. Oli selgelt näha, et taim kohaneb kuivemale keskkonnale maa-aluse biomassi suurendamisega ja see toimis maapealse biomassi arvelt. Mullaniiskuse suurenemine põhjustas summaarse biomassi järsku vähenemist ning liigniiskes mullas oli kasv väga kidur. Et mullaniiskus FAHMi niisutusringides on olnud tihti suurem kui 65%, õhuniiskuse suurendamine optimaalsel mullaniiskusel kasvukambrites arukase kasvu ei pidurdanud ja kasv oli väga tundlik liiginiiskusele võis õhuniiskuse negatiivne mõju välikatses FAHM tõesti olla põhjustatud mulla liigniiskusest.
- Published
- 2016
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