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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the working way of the e-Pulse portal in Türkiye as a sample of a next-generation digital tool for health data management. Accordingly, this study focuses on explaining the structure and key services of the e-Pulse portal in the context of health data management.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a technical paper that will explain how the e-Pulse portal works in Türkiye. Accordingly, the data are based on secondary sources and mostly the official website of the e-Pulse portal. As a sample case, this study investigates the e-Pulse portal from Türkiye. The data are categorized by tables, and some key factors are classified based on review results.FindingsAs a result of the review of the e-Pulse portal's sample account, it is seen that the e-Pulse portal provides comprehensive data for personal health data for both individuals and healthcare professionals. By permitting healthcare professionals, users or patients can share their personal health data on specific dates and numbers whenever they need and want. When sharing recorded personal health data, citizens or patients can get more efficient healthcare service on the time.Research limitations/implicationsBy giving descriptive evidence and review through the e-Pulse portal, countries with high-populated can see the key e-services and elements to manage health data through digital tools. On the other side, this study has some limitations. This study investigated the e-Pulse portal and its e-services for Türkiye and gave some findings mostly based on subjective deduction. Another digital portal can give different findings for the literature.Practical implicationsBased on the e-Pulse portal case, it is determined that by creating a digital portal with recorded personal up-to-date health data, healthcare services can be ensured more efficiently among high-populated countries in the long term. While population growth and pandemic possibilities such as COVID-19 increase throughout the world, serving more patients with these portals will increase efficiency and service quality, provided that patient information is well protected.Originality/valueThis study reveals key e-services and segments to provide personal health data management by a next-generation digital tool based on the e-Pulse portal. The main contribution of this study is expected to guide other countries when adapting next-generation technology or systems to manage health data in the future.

The Mediterranean region is highly vulnerable to undesired consequences of global warming triggered by industrialization, urbanization, and mostly fossil energy consumption. However, the region has also great renewable energy generation potential such as solar and wind, which enables countries in the region to considerably mitigate CO2 emissions, the main driver of global warming. Developing countries around the world have less impact on carbon emissions than the developed Global North. Therefore, developing countries in the Mediterranean region are affected by the carbon burden of the first industrialized and developed European countries. This study investigates the role of economic growth, fossil and renewable energy consumption, and urbanization of developing Mediterranean countries in CO2 emissions by using annual data covering 1995-2016 period. To this end, it follows a STIRPAT model including gross domestic product per capita, urbanization, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption. Considering cross correlation among countries, panel data methodologies are employed to estimate how carbon emissions respond to increase in gross domestic product, urbanization, and disaggregated energy consumption. Empirical results reveal that gross domestic product and fossil energy increase CO2 emissions; urbanization and renewable energy decrease CO2 emissions.

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and international student mobility from an alternative perspective and to reveal descriptive findings.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows qualitative research methodology. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the data were collected by the literature review and then it was analyzed by the descriptive analysis method. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on international student mobility and the relationships between these variables are explained by tables and classifications.FindingsAccording to the findings obtained, the restrictions in physical student mobility and shutdown are observed as the biggest challenges that occurred in higher education during the COVID-19. On a global scope, international student mobility has experienced a major break. Physical campus life is still on standby. Online higher education does not give any campus life as before. Students cannot benefit form city's or country's facilities when studying online at home country. The collaboration between university and business has been declined and this is even more discouraging for international students. The hybrid education model produced an intermediate solution in this period. On the other hand, the rise of online education has created new techniques for higher education. University students who cannot go abroad attend different countries lectures and education programs. But also a new challenge has come as the access of online platforms in under developing countries university students. Online education system also discussed in terms of creating inequality in higher education.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on student mobility and not focused about academic mobility.Practical implicationsIt is seen that the traditional higher education system has been adapted into online distance higher education system since COVID-19 crises began globally. On the other side, it is observed that most of studies have focused the effect of COVID-19 on university students based on the transition to online education. When considering the effect of pandemic process on the mobility of international students and higher education, the authors can suggest policy makers to develop new higher education protocols and teaching models supporting key issues (economic, social, health, education and equalization) in the long-term. Higher education institutes have been able to produce creative and innovative solutions for both education and communication during the pandemic process.Social implicationsUniversity students who cannot go abroad attend different countries lectures and education programs. But also a new challenge has come as the access of online platforms in under developing countries university students. Online education system also discussed in terms of creating inequality in higher education.Originality/valueThis study provides a new perspective for international student mobility in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This is an emerging issue for the literature. This study is original with its approach to the subject from a global perspective through reviewing the studies of different countries. This study points out key variables for determining the effect of COVID-19 on international student mobility for future studies. When employing quantitative research models, the current key variables can guide them.

has begun to change its economic and social policies due to sustaining public health in the longterm. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthmanagement and health services in Turkey.Material and Methods: This study follows a qualitative research methodology and usedsecondary data sources. The study used open access data based on The Turkish StatisticalInstitute (TurkStat) and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed byQualitative Content Analysis.Results: According to the findings obtained, the study provides two main parts as findings.First, the study presents a current profile for the Turkish health sector including 2010-2019.Secondly, the study provides key elements indicating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemicon health management and health services in Turkey. With the help of classification, tables,and figures, the study provides original findings for the area of health management by givingwhat kinds of changes have occurred in health policies during COVID-19.Conclusion: When considering the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health managementand health services in Turkey, it can be said that Turkey has managed this pandemic periodsufficiently. As a sample case, Turkish health policies and new management strategies canguide other developing and developed countries that were unsuccessful to manage theCOVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that adaptable and sustainable health policies willkeep public health in the long term. Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) pandemisinin küresel bir mesele olmasından dolayı, her ülke halk sağlığını uzun vadede koruyabilmek için ekonomik ve sosyal politikalarını değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki sağlık yönetimi ve sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma metodolojisini izlemiş ve ikincil veri kaynaklarını kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı'na dayalı olarak açık erişim verileri kullanılmıştır. Veriler Nitel İçerik Analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, çalışma 2 temel bölümde bulguları sağlamaktadır. İlk olarak, çalışmada 2010-2019 yılları arasını kapsayan dönemler için Türkiye’deki sağlık sektörüne ilişkin güncel bir profil sunmaktadır. İkinci olarak, çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki sağlık yönetimi ve sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki etkisini belirleyen temel faktörleri vermektedir. Bu çalışma, sınıflandırma, tablolar ve şekiller yardımıyla, COVID-19 sırasında, sağlık politikalarında meydana gelen değişimleri göstererek, sağlık yönetimi alanı için orijinal bulgular vermektedir. Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki sağlık yönetimi ve sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki etkileri göz önünde alındığında, Türkiye’nin bu süreci uygun şekilde yönettiği söylenebilir. Örnek bir vaka olarak, Türkiye’nin sağlık politikaları ve yeni yönetim stratejileri, COVID-19 pandemi sürecini yönetmede başarısız olan diğer gelişmekte olan ve gelişmiş ülkelere yol gösterebilir. Bu çalışma, uyarlanabilir ve sürdürülebilir sağlık politikalarının uzun vadede halk sağlığını koruyacağını göstermektedir. 2-s2.0-85103381878

The world has realized the fact that the limited resources can't be sustainable for a long time. Sustainable transformation is a key issue to save the current resources and natural environment for the next generation. 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can help governments to focus on main issues to achieve a balance between social, environmental, and economic development. At this point, Goal 6 points out the importance of saving clean and safe freshwater resources. This chapter aims to present the link between municipalities and water security in Turkey. Turkey case was selected according to its risky position in the level of water stress. This study used recent reports and statistical data on environmental indicators related with freshwater resources and the implications of municipalities in Turkey. Environmental Indicators 2020 Report guided the authors to determine water indicators in Turkey. In addition, the available open access data from TURKSTAT is used to determine water supply services of municipalities.

Feminizm; kadınların erkekler ile aynı hak, statü ve özgürlük içinde yaşamasını savunan bir yaklaşımdır. Ataerkil düzenin kadını sürüklediği içkinlikle mücadele eden feministler, toplumsal cinsiyet sorunsalına çözüm aramak için çeşitli kuramlardan da yararlanmışlardır. Temelde erkek-kadın eşitliğini savunan feminist yaklaşım özel ve kamusal alanda kadının uğradığı haksızlıkları cesur bir şekilde ifade etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Yusuf Atılgan’ın “Evdeki” öyküsü toplumsal cinsiyet sorunsalı ile tartışılacaktır. Toplumsal cinsiyetin kadına yüklediği sorumluklar, kadının özel alana hapsedilmesi, eğitim hakkından yoksun bırakılması ve ataerkil düzen tarafından inşa edilmiş bir yaşama kıstırılması bu yazının konusudur.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the key factors in achieving an efficient e-government portal management system from a citizen perspective. Accordingly, this study focuses on explaining how an e-government portal should manage its digital public services for citizens efficiently.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a qualitative research design. As a sample case, this study preferred to analyze the Turkish e-government portal. The data is based on available open access data and information from the Turkish e-government portal, which is called e-Government Gateway in practice. In addition, the data of TURKSTAT (Turkish Statistical Institute) were used to determine the general profile of citizens about Internet skills and usage. Then, the data is analyzed by descriptive content analysis.FindingsAs a result of descriptive findings, user type, digital platform options, security and access options, and digital public service classification are all found as important factors for providing a well-designed e-government portal system from a citizen perspective. Especially, citizens should be informed about using options and service categories and types to be accessed by the e-government portal. Social media tools are efficient factors when informing citizens about the e-government portal and communicating with them.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an original model to explain how the Turkish e-government portal works from a citizen perspective. However, there are some limitations to the study. The findings and suggestions are based on the Turkish e-government portal and its digital public service management. Also, this study evaluates the efficiency of the e-government portal management from a citizen perspective. Future studies can investigate e-government portal management for different countries by different approaches or research designs.Practical implicationsBased on the Turkey case, it is determined that creating an e-government portal with having up-to-date public services, including both web-based and mobile-based platforms, will support the adoption and use of e-government portals.Social implicationsThe digital transformation of government is almost the main issue for policymakers in the world. But, this transformation process has some risk factors as well as challenges. To overcome these challenges, policymakers should design flexible and adaptable digital portals and systems to provide easy-to-use and self-use options for the citizens.Originality/valueThis study reveals key factors for efficient e-government portal management by providing descriptive evidence from Turkey. The main contribution of this study is expected to give practical implications and to guide other countries about the adoption of efficient e-government portals by citizens.

The new phenomenon “anthropogenic climate change” has been rising due to the awareness of societies and individuals feeling more responsible in climate change. In this context, this study investigates the link between sustainable communities and climate refugees by reviewing what kinds of relationship exists between these societies and climate change. The original contribution of this study is giving a brief framework for the link between sustainable communities, climate refugees, and climate change. This study focuses on the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals when observing sustainable communities and climate refugees. As a result of the review, the study presents some suggestions including solutions for the problems of climate refugees and the status of them globally. Thus, the authors point out an approach expressed as “on-the-spot solution in combating climate change for not to leave anyone behind.”

The typological features of university campus areas are shaped according to their locations in the city. Campuses in city centers carry great potentials for students’ cultural, intellectual and artistic activities, especially for those from faculty of architecture and design, with close relations to the city. The aim of this paper is to develop an approach for measuring architecture students’ aesthetic experience of vertical and horizontal campuses in relation to sense of place theory. Recently, emerging technologies in cognitive science, such as brain imaging techniques, activity maps, sensory maps, cognitive mapping and photo-projective method etc., have enabled advanced measurement of aesthetic experience. In this exploratory research, using ‘photo-projective method’, students will be asked to interpret and draw ‘cognitive maps’ of the places that they are happy to be (defined place) or to see (landscape) on the campus. Based on students’ impressions and experiences, it will be possible to compare aesthetic experience on vertical and horizontal campus. Thus, a comprehensive approach for improving campus design according to users’ aesthetic experiences and sense of place rather than building technology, law, development and finance-driven obligations will be introduced.

The last decades have shown that human activities damaged environmental quality and biodiversity. As accepted the need of sustainable development, there should be balance between economic, social and environmental issues in the long term. Ecological footprint is an important indicator that shows how human activities reduce environmental quality among a specific region or country. In addition, human capital is mostly used indicator to estimate economic and environmental development level. In this study, it is aimed to explore the effect of human capital on fishing footprint for 10 Mediterranean Countries during the period 1995-2018. According to empirical evidences, it is concluded that for relatively low human capital level, human capital has negative effect on sustainability and in the relatively high level, it has positive effect on sustainability.

This study investigated the level of perception and understanding of local government staff about environmental sustainability tools and implementations in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It employed qualitative methods and the data was collected via interview method. The study adapted BostancA±’s eco-municipality researches to investigate sustainability tools of municipalities in Turkey. According to this research, issues such as LA 21’s appendage as city councils, strategies of directory of environment, sustainable urban planning, green transportation, waste management, urban transformation, renewable energy projects, social activities, green certified public buildings and energy productivity projects were evaluated by the municipal staff whether the issues were sufficient or insufficient. The qualitative findings indicated that strategy-based implementations such as sustainable planning, participator policies, and laws were more successful than project-based implementations such as renewable energy projects, green transportations etc. In addition, some evidences show that staff of local governments knew the importance of sustainability but there is some lack of practices. From the findings, this approach supports the argument that each local government should have their own Local Agenda 21 program. Also, the study offers local governments to keep guidance of International Conference on Language, Education and Innovation (ICLEI) and LA 21 program for sustainable development in the long-term. With the findings, the study can be a good sample for the municipality which has been following LA 21 program for a long time. Key words: Local governments, municipality, environmental sustainability, sustainable development, Local Agenda 21, Istanbul-Turkey.

Feminizm; kadınların erkeklerile aynı hak, statü ve özgürlük içinde yaşamasını savunan bir yaklaşımdır.Ataerkil düzenin kadını sürüklediği içkinlikle mücadele eden feministler,toplumsal cinsiyet sorunsalına çözüm aramak için çeşitli kuramlardan dayararlanmışlardır. Temelde erkek-kadın eşitliğini savunan feminist yaklaşımözel ve kamusal alanda kadının uğradığı haksızlıkları cesur bir şekilde ifadeetmiştir. Bu çalışmada Yusuf Atılgan’ın“Evdeki” öyküsü toplumsal cinsiyet sorunsalı ile tartışılacaktır. Toplumsalcinsiyetin kadına yüklediği sorumluklar, kadının özel alana hapsedilmesi,eğitim hakkından yoksun bırakılması ve ataerkil düzen tarafından inşa edilmişbir yaşama kıstırılması bu yazının konusudur.

Variousstudies on rural development are now the starting point of healthy living,healthy food, ecological sustainability objectives. Increasing interest in thisarea has led to the development of interdisciplinary research. "OneVillage One Product" (OVOP) movement, which emerged at the end of the1970s as Japan's regional development approach, began to become widespread inthe Far East, Asia and Africa, then the other continents. In the 2000s inTurkey, these approaches have begun with the projects of the DistrictAgriculture Directorates, but it is not very well known yet. At differentperiods in Turkey in agricultural policies, there are different approaches suchas village institutes, rural credit cooperatives, regional development plans,and some local approaches. From 1950 to 1975 the sense of rural development ofBrazil was also felt by the poorer rural population and lacking technologicalresources. The process of increasing productive change, especially after 1970,led to the adoption of new technological standards. The aim of this study wasto explore the structure of OVOP projects and make a discussion for thepossible effects on the processes of Turkey and Brazil's rural development.This study examined the characteristics that were different in the ruraldevelopment of the two countries and included recommendations for thedevelopment of OVOP projects. Methodological approach was based on publishedinformation in official reports and scientific literature.

Leylâ Erbil, metinlerinde yer verdigi temalar ve dili kullanisi ile Turk edebiyatinin ozgun yazarlarindan biridir. Kadin sorunlarina degindigi oykulerinde elestirel, ironik ve hircin bir dil ile bu problemleri tartisir. Marksci ve Freudcu bir bakis acisi ile bu meseleleri dile getiren Leylâ Erbil’in kadin karakterleri de icinde yasadigi duzeni ve onlara dayattigi kurallari istintak ederler. Bu kurallari sorgulamayan, erkek egemen toplumun kurallarini kabul edip duzenin taraftari olan kadinlar ise Erbil’in oykulerinde elestirel bir yaklasim ile ele alinir. Bu makalede Erbil’in Hallac , (1959) Gecede (1968) ve Eski Sevgili (1977) isimli oyku kitaplarinda yer alan izleklerden biri olan evlilik degerlendirilecektir. Evlilik, dort alt baslik altinda incelenecektir: Ataerkil evlilikler, cinsellik vurgusuyla bicimlendirilen evlilikler, kadini ozel alana hapseden evlilikler, statu elde etmek icin yapilan evlilikler. Bu tema degerlendirilirken evliligin kadinlarin hayatina getirdigi acmazlar feminist kuram cercevesinde ele alinacaktir. Evlilik kurumunun erkek egemen toplumun kurallarina gore insa edilmesi, kadinin ozel alana hapsedilip kamusal alandan mahrum birakilmasi ve bu kurumun kurallarinin erkekler tarafindan olusturulmasi ve kadinin dislanmasi bu yazida vurgulanacaktir.

Kamu yönetiminin bağımsız bir disiplin olarak ortaya çıkışı, bu alanı siyaset ve hukuk bilimleri yanı sıra yönetim bilimleri ile de bağlantılı hale getirmiştir. Zaman içerisinde yönetim bilimi ile kamu yönetimi arasındaki ilişkiler, modern kamu yönetimi anlayışına stratejik planlama ve performans yönetimi, kamu işletmeciliği, toplam kalite yönetimi gibi işletme bilimi ile bağlantılı çeşitli kavramların eklenmesine yol açmıştır. Farklı ölçeklerdeki yerel yönetim birimlerinin, yeni yaklaşımları uygulama deneyimleri, kamu hizmetlerinin gelişmesinde yerel yönetimlere laboratuar niteliği katmaktadır. İşletme yönetiminde, özellikle pazarlama alanında güncel bir gözlemsel teknik olan gizli müşteri araştırmaları, yerel hizmet kalitesinin geliştirilmesinde katılımcı araçlar arasında ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Yerel yönetimler ilçe sınırları içinde hem seçmenlerine, hem de ziyaretçilerine hizmet sunduğu için burada denetimi yapan “gizli müşteri”, yerel yönetim alanında “gizli denetçi” olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu teknik kentsel alanda hizmet veren belediye iştiraklerinin denetimine katkı sağlayabilir. Belediyelerin hizmet kalitesini ölçme ve karşılaştırmada bu yöntem kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada yerel yönetimlerin gizli müşteri tekniği ile hizmet kalitelerini ölçme ve iyileştirmelerinin mümkün olup olmadığı örnekler incelenerek tartışılacaktır. Bu araştırmanın türü kavramsaldır. Since local government discipline became an independent discipline, it has been related to management science as well as politics and law. In time, relationships between management science and local government caused adding various concepts related to business science such as strategic planning and performance management, public management, total quality management to modern local government perspective. New approaches application experiences of different sized local government units make local governments as a laboratory for improving the public services. Mystery shopping research which is a current observational technique in business management and particularly in marketing field, has been started to be approached as one of the participatory tools for improving the local service quality. Local governments serve both their voters and visitors within the province borders, so “mystery shopper” who makes an audit, may be considered as “mystery auditor” in local government field. This technique may contribute to control municipal subsidiaries that serve in urban areas. Also, it may be used to measure and compare the service quality of municipals. In this study, whether local governments can measure and improve their service quality by mystery shopper technique or not will be discussed by examining examples. The type of this research is conceptual.