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Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were reared at three different densities in concrete circular tanks to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth, survival rate and food conversion ratio. Fish (mean weight, 12.13 ± 9.3 g; N: 970) were stocked in three densities as: low (T1 = 0.9 kg/m3 ), medium (T2 = 1.17 kg/m3 ) and high (T3 = 1.37 kg/m3 ) with three replicates. The growth trial lasted for 150 days. Bulk and individual weights of fish in each tank were recorded monthly. The final mean weights of the fish stocked at densities of T1, T2 and T3 reached 79.66 ± 4.06; 55.80 ± 3.12 and 44.81 ± 6.21 g respectively. The average survival rates at the end of the experiment were 92.9 ±1.1%; 80.88 ±1.92% and 97 ± 0.02% for treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Calculated food conversion rates ranged from 0.98 in low density fish (T1), 0.85 in medium density fish (T2), and 0.83 in high density fish (T3). The condition factor is equal to 1.76 in low density stocked fish (T1), followed by 1.77 in the medium density fish (T2) and finally 1.82 in high density fish (T3). The regression coefficients a and b and the results of the weight-length analysis are deduced from the graphical representation of the weight- length relationship. The growth of O. niloticus is of negative allometric type. Indeed, the regression coefficients (b-values) of the weight-length relationship of the individuals of the three treatments are lower than 3. This indicates that O. niloticus individuals reared in the different treatments tend to grow more in height than in weight. The results revealed that the stocking densities in this study had no significant effect on growth and survival of O. niloticus.&nbsp

Introduction: Determination of dry weight is one of the daily goals to achieve in hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to validate the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in estimation of dry weight in a population of Senegalese chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients and methods: A 9-week cross-sectional study was carried out at the hemodialysis unit of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital. Adult patients with no previous hospital history were included. The total body water (TBW) was measured with a single frequency bioelectric impedance foot-to-foot analyzer, before and after six successive hemodialysis sessions. These results were compared with those from clinical measurements with the Watson equation using a Student’s t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: 264 measurements were made in 22 patients (46.6 years, 54.5% men, 92.3 months on dialysis, 62.7 kg mean dry weight). A significant reduction in weight (ΔWeight = 2.0 ± 1.1 kg; p < 0.0001) and in TBW measured by the BIA (ΔTBWBIA = 3.3 ± 1.0 liters; p < 0.0001)) or calculated by Watson’s equation (ΔTBWWatson = 0.5 ± 0.2 liter; p = 0.0001) was observed. There was a strong linear correlation and agreement between the 2 TBW measurements in pre-dialysis. In post-dialysis the concordance diagram indicated a bias = –2.2 and wide agreement limits. Conclusion: The BIA allows reproducible and reliable measurements and a fair estimate of the TBW in pre-dialysis.

Les zones économiques spéciales (ZES) sont des zones géographiques délimitées situées à l'intérieur des frontières d'un pays où les règles applicables aux entreprises sont différentes de celles qui prévalent dans le territoire national. Proposée comme un modèle de développement économique par une vaste gamme d'acteurs allant de la Chine à la Banque mondiale, l'approche a été développée dans une centaine de pays. Ces zones ont pour principaux objectifs d'attirer les investisseurs par des régimes douaniers et fiscaux avantageux, une main-d'oeuvre compétente et compétitive, et des conditions d'installation facilitées. Elles sont censées à cet égard offrir un accès au foncier sécurisé légalement et dépourvu de tout conflit. Alors que de nombreuses études sur les ZES se concentrent sur leurs performances économiques, la création et le fonctionnement des ZES peuvent également avoir des répercussions considérables sur les droits fonciers – un sujet qui a peu fait l'objet d'un examen systématique, et qui soulève des questions plus vastes sur la gouvernance territoriale, les droits et les modèles de développement économique. Cette étude vise à comprendre comment les questions foncières se déclinent dans le cadre de l'établissement, le développement et l'expansion de ZES. Elle s'appuie sur un examen global et sur des études de cas à Madagascar et au Sénégal. Elle vise en particulier à faire le point sur les expériences législatives et concrètes de différents pays, afin notamment d'identifier les aspects fonciers relatifs aux ZES et la manière dont, en pratique, les acteurs y répondent. Ces analyses, issues des travaux du Comité technique " Foncier & développement ", permettent également de tirer de nouveaux enseignements concernant les ZES et de formuler des recommandations pour encadrer leur développement, et plus largement d'accompagner le développement des territoires ruraux.

Trabajo presentado en la 3ème édition de la Conférence Intensification Durable (CID), celebrada en Dakar del 24 al 26 de noviembre de 2021.

Trabajo presentado en la 3ème édition de la Conférence Intensification Durable (CID), celebrada en Dakar del 24 al 26 de noviembre de 2021.

Trabajo presentado en la 3ème édition de la Conférence Intensification Durable (CID), celebrada en Dakar del 24 al 26 de noviembre de 2021.

Context and objective. For many practitioners, blood pressure is the main indicator of the hydration status of the chronic hemodialysis patient. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which bioimpedance analysis (BIA) can assist in determining acute changes in fluid volume during the hemodialysis session.Methods. This was a 9-week longitudinal study. The total body water (TBW) was measured with a BIA analyzer, before and after 6 successive sessions. The ΔWeight was compared to the ΔTBW by calculating the P/V ratio (ΔWeight/ΔTBW) with the assumption that the dry weight is reached when P/V = 1.Results. The measurements made in 22 patients (46.6 years, 54.5% men, 92.3 months on dialysis) were reproducible. There was no statistically significant difference between ΔTBW and ΔWeight. However, at the individual level, significant differences had been observed. Using hypertension as a marker for a state of hyperhydration, a 31.8% agreement was noted between the P/V ratio and hypertension.Conclusion. Although the loss of water predicted by the BIA did not always correspond to the weight loss, BIA is a technique that can be used to assess the variations in TBW during the hemodialysis session in patients. Contexte et objectif. La pression artérielle est pour de nombreux praticiens, l’indicateur principal du statut hydrique du patient hémodialysé chronique. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’évaluer dans quelle mesure l’analyse d’impédance bioélectrique (BIA) pourrait aider à la détermination des variations aigues du volume hydrique au cours de la séance d’hémodialyse.Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude de suivi longitudinal sur 9 semaines. Le volume total d’eau (VTE) a été mesuré par BIA, avant et après 6 séances. Le ΔPoids a été comparé au ΔVTE par le calcul du ratio P/V (ΔPoids / ΔVTE) dans l’hypothèse que le poids sec est atteint lorsque P/V = 1.Résultats. Les mesures faites chez 22 patients (46,6 ans, 54,5% hommes, 92,3 mois en dialyse) étaient reproductibles. Il n’y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative entre le ΔVTE et le ΔPoids. Cependant à l’échelon individuel des différences importantes étaient observées. En utilisant l’hypertension artérielle (HTA) comme marqueur d’un état d’hyperhydratation, une concordance de 31,8% était notée entre le ratio P/V et l’HTA.Conclusion. Bien que la perte d’eau prédite par la BIA ne corresponde pas toujours à celle du poids, la BIA est une technique qui peut être utilisée pour évaluer les variations du VTE au cours de la séance d’hémodialyse

Le développement durable d'un territoire passe par la capacité des acteurs à définir, à planifier, et à financer des actions qui s'insèrent dans une vision stratégique portée par la collectivité territoriale et une institution légitimée localement. La mise en place ou le renforcement des dispositifs inclusifs de gouvernance territoriale permet d'amener les acteurs locaux à s'engager dans la gestion des ressources, la planification des investissements et le règlement des conflits. Ces dispositifs doivent s'appuyer sur un système de production et de partage de connaissances concernant le territoire et ses ressources.

Introduction: Patients with chronic diseases, especially kidney diseases, frequently use the health care system and free dialysis policies are being implemented in many countries in Africa. This study aimed to evaluate access to care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in northern region of Saint-Louis. Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, we included non-dialyzed CKD patients aged ≥20 years who attended outpatient nephrology clinic at University Hospital of Saint-Louis between January 1st and January 31st 2018. Access to care was measured using a questionnaire that integrated dimensions such as availability, geographic and financial accessibility, convenience, acceptability, effectiveness of care and quality of information. Socio-demographic and clinical data were also collected and analyzed with Epi Info 7. Results: Among 97 surveyed patients, 90 were included (response rate of 92.8%). Patients’ mean age was 35.2 years (20 - 89 years) and 55% were male. Only 30% of patients had health coverage either by the government, or private insurance or community health insurance. Access to care was rated as globally low by 73% of participants. However, we noticed some variations according to dimensions of access. Geographical accessibility and convenience of delivered care were good for the majority of patients, while financial access and acceptability of care were considered as very limited. Bivariate analysis showed that acceptability and effectiveness of care were linked to CKD stage while the quality of patients’ information was correlated with their educational level. Furthermore, health coverage was also associated with financial accessibility of care but not with its availability. Conclusion: This study showed that access to care is poor for majority of patients with CKD in Saint-Louis. Identification of the main barriers will help define appropriate strategies to achieve universal access to quality renal care.

We describe two cases of impaired secondary renal function to a Carapa Procera taking as part of traditional treatment in Ziguinchor, southern Senegal. The certain or suspected toxicity of Carapa Procera is little known in the literature. In the two reported observations, no cause but the traditional treatment was found to explain the clinical picture presented. The development was favorable in all cases after medical treatment and a few hemodialysis sessions. we insist on the difficult context of investigation of these accidents, on the medical ignorance of these practices in sub-Saharan Africa and in Senegal in particular, as well as on the necessary collaboration with local botanists knowledgeable in traditional medicine.