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The paper describes the biological value of the protein complex of lamb meat from sheep of the Dagestan mountain breed and crossbreeds with rams of the Russian meat merino breed. The authors present the total number of essential and non-essential amino acids in two different samples. The indicators of quality and usefulness of meat protein have been calculated. Differences between groups of animals have been analyzed. The best balance of amino acids in the protein of mixed lamb meat has been shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

14 varieties of grain sorghum bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK Rossorgo were studied. The amount of protein in grain and its fractions was experimentally determined: albumin, globulins, glutelins and prolamins, a comparative analysis was carried out within each fraction and a conclusion was made about the highest biological value among the studied varieties. The results showed that sorghum seeds contain all four protein fractions, the highest content of which is albumin and glutel. The highest nutritional value was noted in the variety of sorghum Zhemchug, which contained the highest amount of albumin, characterized by a complete amino acid composition, and the lowest content of prolamins, which have a low balance of amino acids. In the varieties Kamelik and Locus, there was an insufficient content of complete proteins that make up the water-soluble and salt-soluble fractions in the grain of these plants. Grain sorghum varieties with the highest amount of protein (Pomegranate, Locus, Pearl and Bachelor) were characterized by a low level of alcohol-soluble protein fraction.

In this article, we analyse the structure and the development dynamics of the Saint Petersburg suburbs — home to over 1.6 million people. To this end, we employ statistical, historical, and empirical research methods and carry out a comparative analysis. Geodemographic studies should take into account not only demographic data but also the characteristics of the settlement system. Such studies are particularly important for suburbs. Russian social geography pays little attention to suburban studies, although such territories have become an independent object of research in international geographical science. The Saint Petersburg suburbs are of special interest from the perspective of geodemography, which is explained by the significant size of the area — a result of the territory’s historical development. The formation of the settlement system of the Saint Petersburg suburbs started with the foundation of the city, and continues to this day. Today, their spatial structure is shaped by the current administrative border between Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region — a product of the territory’s development in the Soviet period of Russia’s history. The lengthy process of border formation has given it a peculiar character. The most vibrant and attractive areas of the suburbs are located at a distance of 14—32 km from the centre of Saint Petersburg, between the isochrones of fortyand ninety-minute transport accessibility. Lying at a distance of approximately 60 km from the city centre, the two-hour travel time band marks the border of both the commuter zone and the Saint Petersburg agglomeration. A new settlement system is emerging within the suburban area of Saint Petersburg — the most economically, demographically, and socially vibrant territory of Russia’s North-West.

This article demonstrates the effect of the 2010s migration crisis has had on the demographic development of the European Union. Employing statistics and map­ping, the study argues that the demographic development of EU states is not affected by either socioeconomic performance or religious, linguistic, and cultural charac­teristics. Migration inflow differs significantly by country and EU region. The au­thors analyse major irregular migration routes and show that their use cannot be always explained by using traditional demographic approaches. There is also a dif­ference in the proportion of migrants by country, although settlement systems are very similar. Even with decades spent in the destination country, the Muslim popula­tion remains poorly integrated into the local community and its effect on the latter is insignificant (Turks in Germany). The demographic mosaic of the European Union is becoming increasingly fragmented, which makes any national level demographic forecasts inconsequential. However, community-level forecasts are possible and necessary. All this creates a need for geodemographic research.

The article presents the results of studying the black currant varieties collection of the Kokinsky control station of the FSBSI FRC for Horticulture (Bryansk region) for winter hardiness, resistance to Sphaerotheca, and currant gall mite in order to create new initial forms based on the selected genotypes, characterized by a high level of adaptation for their inclusion in the breeding work to improve the crop assortment. The best combinations of crosses (Gamayun × Nara, 33-27-1 × Kipiana, 33-27-1 × Bryanskiy Agat, Favorit × Dar Smolyaninovoy, etc.), the initial forms for inbreeding and free pollination, in the progeny of which the largest number of winter-hardy seedlings, characterized by resistance to Sphaerotheca and gall mite, were identified. Promising winter-hardy Sphaerotheca-resistant forms were identified 4-63-4, 72-03-7, 3-37-26/02, 62-03-7, 1-5-1, 63-35-1, 3-134-01, 28-03-1, 5-82-02, 1-91-01, immune to gall mite.

The problem of transition in the line of business assets and obligations succession with regard to norms of civil, family and business law represents an important legal problem as for the matter of family business succession. Russian legislation does not determine the family business succession as a single entity, there exists no special regulation as well as the term “entrepreneurial succession”. The doctrine gives a reasonable conclusion that “practices of the recent past reveal substantial problems of marital regimes legal regulation under a digital transformation of the economy”. Inheriting different properties that can be collectively referred to sphere of entrepreneurial activity causes many problems of similar properties transition in the line of succession in the field of law enforcement. Determining particularities of legal regulation of inheritance relations complicated with business activities in order to ensure efficient regulation of succession to business assets and debts and as well to ensure law enforcement stability. The methodological base for the present scientific research is represented by the system of general scientific and specific scientific methods and research techniques, including a historical method, a logical method, a method of system analysis and research, a comparative legal method, a statistical method, a functional-structural method, methods of analysis and synthesis, a method of specification, an empirical and theoretical method, i.e. analogy, deduction. The authors suppose that in conditions of the world financial crisis complicated with consequences of the coronavirus pandemic small businesses are the most vulnerable, including family businesses. The authors believe that a modern lawyer must have systemic knowledge for efficient application of civil law, inheritance law, family law, entrepreneurial law on the basis of the convergence principle in law. The use of a rather broad methodological base allows determining essential properties of legal regulation of the family members’ entrepreneurial activity and inheritance relations from the point of view of law enforcement problems resolution. As for particularities of inheritance regulations application, a joint-stock company is supposed to have certain mechanisms of the protection of its interests in terms of its shares inheritance. For example, it is possible to envisage the right of a private joint-stock company to discourage inclusion within its shareholders a new participant in line with a similar power of the limited liability companies.

The evolution of digital technologies leads to a tectonic transformation of all spheres of society. Law, as a system of regulating public relations, is changing dynamically along with the development of public relations in different spheres. The development of IT led to the emergence of blockchain technology, which, in turn, became the basis for the development of smart contracts. Smart contract technology, as it develops, causes changes not only in the legislation, but also in the model of interaction between the state and business. Due to smart contracts, a significant part of the rules can be algorithmized, and the regulation can become machine-readable. Purpose of the research: Legal research of the current legislation, the synergy of business, law and economy in the implementation of smart contract technology, determination of theoretical concepts in relation to smart contracts, the content and problems of the application of smart contracts, and identification of the most significant proposals for improving legislation. Methods: The authors of the research used general and specific scientific methods. In the study of the technological foundations of the smart contract, the main methods were analysis, synthesis, analogy, and a system-structural approach.

Currently, entrepreneurial and professional activities are being transformed towards digital business, management, economics and technology, which are viewed through the prism of four new technological areas: artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud technologies and data analytics. Therefore, we will use multidisciplinary approaches that show how digital tools affect all areas of business processes, management and economics. Purpose of the study: to determine the role and importance of artificial intelligence for building an effective model of business, management, economy and technology transformation, business and professional activities in the context of law and society digital transformation. Methods: The methodological basis of this work was general scientific methods of cognition of legal phenomena, such as synthesis, the method of analogy, formal logic and others, as well as specific scientific methods for studying the category of artificial intelligence in the field of entrepreneurial and professional activity. Results and novelty: To achieve the goals of using AI, it can be described as follows: the first step is to use big data, the second is to apply analytics, and the third is forecasting. AI is used to collect and store data for analysis and further forecasting. Companies in IT, marketing, finance, accounting and sales are using AI to become more competitive and efficient.

This article describes studies on the impact of effective microorganisms of the “Baikal EM-1” probiotic on the biotransformation of flaxseed meal, its organoleptic and chemical parameters, and changes in amino acid and fatty acid compositions. It has been established that after fermentation in flaxseed meal, the amount of fiber decreases, it saturates with protein, and the amount of essential and non-essential amino acids increases. We made an analysis of the feed value of biotransformed meal depending on the probiotic concentration for the purpose of further use in the feeding of carps – the most effective probiotic concentration for biotransformation was selected. The effect of replacing part of the feed with biotransformed flaxseed meal on the change in liveweight and biochemical parameters of fish blood was studied. Positive dynamics of fishes’ liveweight was noted. The inexpediency of feeding unfermented meal to carps is proved.

Objectives: Ukraine has one of the largest HIV epidemics in Europe, with high prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs). We aimed to identify factors associated with HIV testing and receipt of the test result in the last 12 months, HIV prevalence and self-reported positive status among FSWs in Ukraine., Methods: We used data from an Integrated Bio-Behavioural Survey among FSWs conducted in 2013-2014. The survey methodology combined three sampling strategies: time and location sampling, respondent-driven sampling and key informant recruitment. We used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with self-reported HIV testing in the last 12 months, HIV prevalence and self-reported positive status among FSWs living with HIV. Explored factors included: age, age at first sex, age at entry into sex work, education, marital status, employment status beside sex work, condom use with last paying or non-paying sexual partner, drug or alcohol consumption and sex work venue., Results: Recent HIV testing was low overall with only 63.2% of FSWs reported having tested and received their test result in the last 12 months prior to the survey. HIV prevalence was 7.1% overall, but only 45.0% of FSWs living with HIV were aware of their HIV status. Testing in the last 12 months with receipt of test result was less common among FSWs who used drugs ever in life (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9), women soliciting clients indoors (AOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) and those not using a condom with last paying sexual partner (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5). HIV positivity was associated with history of ever using drugs (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.6) and soliciting clients outdoors (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0). Women working indoors were less aware of their positive status (AOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9)., Conclusion: HIV prevalence is high among FSWs in Ukraine, and testing and knowledge of one's status remain insufficient. HIV testing programmes need to expand with strategies to reach specific subgroups of FSWs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Ukraine has one of the largest HIV epidemics in Europe, historically driven by people who inject drugs (PWID). The epidemic showed signs of stabilization in 2012, but the recent war in eastern Ukraine may be reigniting virus spread. We investigated the movement of HIV-infected people within Ukraine before and during the conflict. We analyzed HIV-1 subtype-A pol nucleotide sequences sampled during 2012-2015 from 427 patients of 24 regional AIDS centers and used phylogeographic analysis to reconstruct virus movement among different locations in Ukraine. We then tested for correlations between reported PWID behaviors and reconstructed patterns of virus spread. Our analyses suggest that Donetsk and Lugansk, two cities not controlled by the Ukrainian government in eastern Ukraine, were significant exporters of the virus to the rest of the country. Additional analyses showed that viral dissemination within the country changed after 2013. Spearman correlation analysis showed that incoming virus flow was correlated with the number of HIV-infected internally displaced people. Additionally, there was a correlation between more intensive virus movement and locations with a higher proportion of PWID practicing risky sexual behaviors. Our findings suggest that effective prevention responses should involve internally displaced people and people who frequently travel to war-affected regions. Scale-up of harm reduction services for PWID will be an important factor in preventing new local HIV outbreaks in Ukraine., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.