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Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy with a rising incidence due to obesity, comorbid conditions, and related lifestyle factors. The standard of care for primary disease consists of surgical resection with/without chemotherapy ± radiotherapy for select patients. Recurrence is common in patients with advanced-stage disease and/or high-risk features, who primarily are treated with systemic therapy. The identification of novel targets in malignant EC has led to the development of wide-range inhibitors. Abemaciclib is an orally active unique cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, selective for the CDK4 and CDK6 cell cycle pathways. This agent has potential anti-neoplastic activity and is indicated in combination with various therapies such as endocrine therapy, aromatase inhibitors, and hormone therapies, primarily in breast cancer (BC). Herein, we sought to summarize the biochemical/pharmacological properties of abemaciclib and its therapeutic potential in EC. While the therapeutic role(s) of abemaciclib was fairly established in a subset of patients with advanced/metastatic BC through the pivotal MONARCH trials, its attributes and clinical utility in EC are limited. Thus, based on some promising pre-clinical/translational insights and a recent phase II study, we highlight abemaciclib’s properties and potential clinical usefulness in patients with EC, particularly in recurrent estrogen-receptor-positive cases.

The present experiment was conducted in the year 2021 at Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, to determine the optimum dose (LD50) and duration of the chemical mutagen treatment for the induction of desirable mutation. A set of 100 pre-soaked fenugreek seeds were treated with 12 different concentrations of sodium azide, viz. 0.3 mM, 0.6 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM, 5 mM, 6 mM, 7 mM, 8 mM, 9 mM and 10 mM for three different durations, viz. 3 h, 6 h and 9 h. Results showed that a dose-dependent decreasing tendency was observed in germination percentage, survival percentage, root length and shoot length with increasing concentration and duration of sodium azide treatment. Almost all the mutagenic treatments resulted in decrease in germination percentage, survival percentage and seedling height (root and shoot length) with increasing concentrations and duration of mutagen in laboratory conditions. Also, the LD50 value was observed as an 8 mM sodium azide concentration for 6 h in fenugreek. The mutagen treatments given at 9 h duration were detrimental for fenugreek. They cannot be used for mutation induction as they are utterly lethal after a 3 mM sodium azide concentration. So, lower treatments of mutagens have influenced less biological damage and would be suitable for inducing desirable mutations.

Purpose: Math Braille is a difficult subject to teach online to students with visual impairment. Students with visual impairment are also supposed to have mastery of math braille to accomplish their academic goals. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study was based on a qualitative approach. This study's population consisted of all braille math teachers from the school level in Lahore. Data from 15 respondents including braille math teachers (N= 15) of different grades were taken as a sample by using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument of this study was an interview protocol for teachers. The data was collected through interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed through coding & thematic analysis. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that there are many visually impaired students who have difficulty in applying braille math rules. It was also found that teachers experienced many problems while teaching braille math to students with visual impairments through online mode. Additionally, an assistive device should be used, and the availability at the school level should be ensured & challenges and innovations for instructing braille math in online mode were also part of the findings. Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that teacher training and conceptual learning of braille math for students with visual impairment in online educational setting that must be provided for better teaching & learning process.

Endometrial cancer (EC) stands as the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy. In the past, it was classified based on its hormone sensitivity. However, The Cancer Genome Atlas has categorized EC into four groups, which offers a more objective and reproducible classification and has been shown to have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Hormonally driven EC arises from a precursor lesion known as endometrial hyperplasia, resulting from unopposed estrogen. EC is usually diagnosed through biopsy, followed by surgical staging unless advanced disease is expected. The typical staging consists of a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsies, with a preference placed on a minimally invasive approach. The stage of the disease is the most significant prognostic marker. However, factors such as age, histology, grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, tumor size, peritoneal cytology, hormone receptor status, ploidy and markers, body mass index, and the therapy received all contribute to the prognosis. Treatment is tailored based on the stage and the risk of recurrence. Radiotherapy is primarily used in the early stages, and chemotherapy can be added if high-grade histology or advanced-stage disease is present. The risk of EC recurrence increases with advances in stage. Among the recurrences, vaginal cases exhibit the most favorable response to treatment, typically for radiotherapy. Conversely, the treatment of widespread recurrence is currently palliative and is best managed with chemotherapy or hormonal agents. Most recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced and recurrent EC.

Non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGOC) is a rare phenomenon seldom reported in the literature. Patients often present with abdominopelvic pain, and sometimes a palpable adnexal mass. Surgical excision is paramount in treating this malignancy; however, fertility-preserving care is a debated topic among gynecologic oncologists. Most patients reported in the literature are nulliparous women of child-bearing age. It is important to consider fertility preservation whilst balancing oncologic outcomes. We present a case of an 18-year-old nulliparous female with stage IIB NGOC that had disease progression in the lungs and pelvis shortly after undergoing fertility-preserving surgery. She required emergent completion surgery and received etoposide (E), methotrexate (M), actinomycin-D (A), cyclophosphamide (C) and vincristine (O) (EMA-CO) with complete response. She remains disease-free after 21-months.

Biosimilars are emerging class of medications that are very similar to biologics (in terms of safety and efficacy to the original reference product); but not the same as generic, originating, or reference drugs. The availability and use of biosimilars in oncology landscape are slowly picking, thereby combating financial burden to cancer patients. Breast cancer, with a staggering number of cases recently, has become the most common cancer in females. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer involves the cell-surface protein that causes cell growth and proliferation and is more aggressive than typical breast cancer. The emergence of trastuzumab (first oncogene-targeted therapeutic agent for solid tumours to be clinically available under the brand name Herceptin) has improved the scope for patients suffering from this type of breast cancer. However, the associated cost remains to be a significant barrier for patients with breast cancer to access this treatment. Biosimilars, since their relatively recent advent, have reduced the cost of cancer treatment significantly, and will continue to play important cost-effective therapeutic roles for years to come. Notably, healthcare professionals still bear a somewhat negative/reluctant connotation to biosimilars. This article attempts to describe and analyse the studies that have been published in peer-reviewed literature on the use of trastuzumab biosimilars and their efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. It also covers on the chemistry and clinical advantages of using biosimilars for the ongoing and future treatment prospects for patients with breast cancer.

Peptide-based therapeutics are increasingly pushing to the forefront of biomedicine with their promise of high specificity and low toxicity. Although noncanonical residues can always be used, employing only the natural 20 residues restricts the chemical space to a finite dimension allowing for comprehensive in silico screening. Towards this goal, the dataset comprising all possible di-, tri-, and tetra-peptide combinations of the canonical residues has been previously reported. However, with increasing computational power, the comprehensive set of pentapeptides is now also feasible for screening as the comprehensive set of cyclic peptides comprising four or five residues. Here, we provide both the complete and prefiltered libraries of all di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-peptide sequences from 20 canonical amino acids and their homodetic (N-to-C-terminal) cyclic homologues. The FASTA, simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES), and structure-data file (SDF)-three dimension (3D) libraries can be readily used for screening against protein targets. We also provide a simple method and tool for conducting identity-based filtering. Access to this dataset will accelerate small peptide screening workflows and encourage their use in drug discovery campaigns. As a case study, the developed library was screened against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease to identify potential small peptide inhibitors.

Background and Objective: Plastic surgeons face challenging conditions when dealing with soft tissue injuries or defects involving the lower part of the leg and the proximal part of the foot. The objective of the current study is to compare single-staged reverse sural artery flaps with two-staged interpolated flaps in distal lower limb injuries. Methods: It was a prospective study carried out at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan, over 5 years from 2015 to 2020. Sixty-eight (n = 68) patients with distal lower limb soft-tissue defects were enrolled and randomly allotted a two-stage interpolated flap design (group A) or single-stage reverse sural artery flap design (group B). The measured outcomes included the frequency of flap-tip necrosis, epidermolysis, partial or total flap loss, and additional procedures needed for managing these complications. Results: Out of all the patients, 72% were of male gender and 28% were females with a mean age of 38.38 ± 10.76 years. In group A, there were 6% of the cases where tip necrosis was the only impediment as compared to 17% in group B. In patients of group A, epidermolysis was seen in 12% as compared to 35% in group B whereas only 6% of patients in group A required secondary procedures for flap tip necrosis as compared to group B (47%). Paired t-test was used to calculate the statistical significance of the outcome between the two groups (p-value of 0.0491). Conclusion: The two-staged interpolated flap procedure results in fewer complications as compared to a single-staged reverse sural artery flap procedure. However, the shorter hospital stay in single-staged flap design is satisfying for the patients who did not report any complications with this procedure.

Abstract In the current research article, the two-dimensional, incompressible, steady fluid flow is considered. The heat transfer rate of water-based aggregated fluid between converging/diverging channels of shrinking/stretching walls due to the effects of thermal radiation has been examined. The strong static magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the radial direction. The modeled governing equations are transformed into non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential equations by considering appropriate similarity transformations. Since the obtained ODEs are strongly non-linear and the exact solution of these equations is not possible, thus we applied the numerical method RK4 combined with the shooting technique to handle the equations. The impacts of several influential parameters on velocity, temperature, and entropy generation profiles are examined graphically.

The leiomyosarcoma (LMS) subtype of uterine sarcoma accounts for 1–2 % of uterine neoplasia cases. The present study aimed to demonstrate that the gene and protein chondroadherin (CHAD) levels may serve as novel biomarkers for predicting prognosis and devising novel treatment models for LMS. A total of 12 patients diagnosed with LMS and 13 patients diagnosed with myomas were included in the study. The extent of tumour cell necrosis, cellularity and atypia and the mitotic index of each patient with LMS were determined. CHAD gene expression was significantly increased in cancerous tissues compared with that in fibroid tissues (2.17 ± 0.88 vs 3.19 ± 1.61; P = 0.047). The mean CHAD protein expression in tissues was higher in LMS cases but this was not statistically significant (217.38 ± 93.9 vs 177.13 ± 66.67;P = 0.226). Positive significant correlations were obtained between CHAD gene expression and mitotic index (r = 0.476; P = 0.008), tumour size (r = 0.385; P = 0.029) and necrosis (r = 0.455; P = 0.011). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between CHAD protein expression levels and tumour size (r = 0.360; P = 0.039) and necrosis (r = 0.377; P = 0.032). The present study was the first to demonstrate the significance of CHAD in LMS. The results suggested that, due to its association with LMS, CHAD has predictive value in determining the prognosis of patients with LMS.

A chemical graph is a model used to indicate a chemical combination. In a molecular graph, vertices define atoms, and edges are represented as chemical bonds. A topological index is a single number to characterize the graph of a molecule. In this article, we study the topological properties of some special chains. The polyphenyl chains with hexagons are graphs of aromatic organic compounds. The key purpose of this article is to explore the expected value of Sombor, reduced Sombor, and average Sombor index for this category of organic compounds. It was investigated that the Sombor, reduced Sombor and average Sombor index revealed adequate discriminative potential of alkanes. It has been tested that these indicators can be used effectively in modeling chemical thermodynamic structures. The average value of the Sombor, reduced Sombor, and average Sombor index for the set of all spiro and random polyphenyl chains has been determined. Finally, the ratio between the expected values of these mentioned indices for both random chains has been resolved. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-012 Full Text: PDF

Stem cell research is rapidly expanding and has provided novel concepts in understanding and managing various diseases. Recent progress in translational and experimental urology has given insight about their utilization in the treatment and regeneration of urological structures. Chronic degenerative and neurological conditions affecting the lower urinary tract (LUT) are excellent targets for stem cell therapy. Their role has been particularly studied in bladder dysfunction, painful bladder syndrome, bladder outflow obstruction, stress urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and urethral regeneration. However, the translation of this research in clinical domain is slow. Furthermore, regeneration of kidney using stem cells has been explored but remains challenging due to complexities of nephrons. Stem cells research in uro-oncology, especially bladder and prostate cancer, provided significant insight in understanding of pathogenesis processes and expanded potential therapeutic options. Continued...

Stem cell research and regenerative medicine have exponentially evolved in the past two decades. With the ability of cell renewal, unlimited expression and differentiation, stem cell research can potentially transform medical practice. Stem cells have different sources of origin and a wide range of potency ranging from unipotent to totipotent. Stem cell therapy can modify behavior of cells, generate differentiated tissues, and be used as a pharmacological intervention. Regenerative medicine is an emerging medical dedicated to reconstructing and repairing of and organs. Several challenges are to be addressed to allow transition of stem cell research from basic sciences to clinical practice. These obstacles include selection of appropriate stem cells with associated ethical concerns, manufacturing and processing of stem cells, genetic instability, lack of complete understanding of their mode of action at target sites, economic concerns, and lack of regulations of stem cell therapy. Key words: Medicine, Stem Cell, Totipotent, Transplantation

Although chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has high yield potential, its seed yield is often low and unstable due to the impact of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat. As a result of global warming, both drought and heat are estimated to be major yield constraints between one-quarter and one-third per annum. In the present review, genomic-mediated breeding strategies to increase resilience against global warming. Exacerbated drought and heat stresses have been examined to understand the latest advancement happening for better management of these challenges. Resistance mechanisms for drought and heat stresses consist of (i) escape via earliness, (ii) avoidance via morphological traits such as better root traits, compound leaves, or multipinnate leaves and double-/multiple-podded traits, and (iii) tolerance via molecular and physiological traits, such as special tissue and cellular abilities. Both stresses in chickpeas are quantitatively governed by minor genes and are profoundly influenced by edaphic and other environmental conditions. High-yield genotypes have traditionally been screened for resistance to drought and heat stresses in the target selection environment under stress conditions or in the simulacrum mediums under controlled conditions. There are many drought- and heat-tolerant genotypes among domestic and wild Cicer chickpeas, especially in accessions of C. reticulatum Ladiz., C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, and C. turcicum Toker, J. Berger, and Gokturk. The delineation of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes allied to drought- and heat-related attributes have paved the way for designing stress-tolerant cultivars in chickpeas. Transgenic and “omics” technologies hold newer avenues for the basic understanding of background metabolic exchanges of QTLs/candidate genes for their further utilization. The overview of the effect of drought and heat stresses, its mechanisms/adaptive strategies, and markers linked to stress-related traits with their genetics and sources are pre-requisites for framing breeding programs of chickpeas with the intent of imparting drought tolerance. Ideotype chickpeas for resistance to drought and heat stresses were, therefore, developed directly using marker-aided selection over multiple locations. The current understanding of molecular breeding supported by functional genomics and omics technologies in developing drought- and heat-tolerant chickpea is discussed in this review.

The chronic damage to the liver causes fibrosis, especially when different proteins are accumulated in the liver, which is the basic characteristic of chronic liver damage. The excessive accumulation of the matrix protein such as collagen causes liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal vein hypertension. Plants having antioxidants, free radical scavenging activities, and anti-inflammatory constituents are believed to be hepatoprotective in nature. Grevillea robusta (GR) is native to the subtropical environment. Its in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, and free radical scavenging activities are known, while the effect on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of Grevillea robusta plant. GR leaf extract (GREE) was prepared from the hydroethanolic extract (70%). Polyphenol and flavonoid contents and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. In vivo hepatitis was induced in Wistar rats by continual IP injections of CCl4. GREE was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of body weight once daily for 4 weeks. Variations in rat’s body weight, liver-to-body weight ratio, serum alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, liver histology, and cellular markers of liver fibrosis were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) (p < 0.001) were decreased in the treatment group compared with the disease control group. RBC count was increased (p < 0.001) in the treatment group compared with the disease control group. The expression of alpha-SMA was downregulated to 40% (p < 0.05) and that of collagen was decreased by 9% (p < 0.05) compared with the disease control group. Extracellular matrix deposition and necrotic areas were also decreased as compared to the disease control group. It can be concluded that GR possesses hepatoprotective action by virtue of antioxidant constituents and delays the progression of liver cirrhosis by suppressing the activation of extracellular matrix–producing cells in the liver.

Abstract Background Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a rare, serious, and life-threatening condition which needs early recognition with prompt intervention for better prognosis. Its etiology is not yet well established, but multiple speculations have been put forth for its etiopathogenesis. Few most considered are traumatic, spontaneous, or secondary to inflammatory process like necrotizing enterocolitis. This study describes the etiological and prognostic factors for patients with NGP in our experience at a single center. Results A total of 46 neonates were included. Male gender predominated with M:F being 1.7:1. Most (n=36) neonates presented within 10 days of life whereas 8 neonates presented within 15 days. At presentation, gas under diaphragm was the most common radiologic finding in 25 (54.3%) neonates. On exploratory laparotomy, it was found that greater curvature was involved in maximum number of cases (n=27), followed by lesser curvature and anterior and posterior walls of the stomach. Most of perforations were within 1–5 cm in size. Gastrorrhaphy was done in all cases, and in two cases, feeding jejunostomy was done along with repair for feeding purpose. Finally, spontaneous NGP was diagnosed in 30 (60.8%), and NEC patches on other parts of the intestine were seen in 11 patients. Postoperatively, 28 neonates developed complications in the form of sepsis (n=13), wound infection (n=10), and burst abdomen (n=5). Regarding clinical outcome, 27 (58.7%) were discharged from the hospital whereas 19 (39.3%) patients died. Conclusion Our results show that spontaneous NGP is most commonly associated with NEC in our population, usually affecting the greater curvature. We observed a high mortality rate; however, good ICU care may improve the survival.

Abstract Ifosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent having broad-spectrum efficacy against several tumors. However, nephro, hepato, neuro cardio, and hematological toxicities associated with ifosfamide render its use limited. These side effects could range from organ failure to life-threatening situations. The present study aimed to evaluate the attenuating efficiency of Berberis vulgaris root extract (BvRE), a potent nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipid-lowering agent, against ifosfamide-induced toxicities. The study design comprised eight groups of Swiss albino rats to assess different dose regimes of BvRE and ifosfamide. Biochemical analysis of serum (serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) along with complete blood count was performed. Kidney, liver, brain, and heart tissue homogenates were used to find malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in addition to the acetylcholinesterase of brain tissue. The results were further validated with the help of the histopathology of the selected organs. HeLa cells were used to assess the effect of BvRE on ifosfamide cytotoxicity in MTT assay. The results revealed that pre- and post-treatment regimens of BvRE, as well as the combination therapy exhibited marked protective effects against ifosfamide-induced nephro, hepato, neuro, and cardiotoxicity. Moreover, ifosfamide depicted a synergistic in vitro cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells in the presence of BvRE. These results corroborate that the combination therapy of ifosfamide with BvRE in cancer treatment can potentiate the anticancer effects of ifosfamide along with the amelioration of its conspicuous side effects.

A zero-sum flow is an assignment of nonzero integers to the edges such that the sum of the values of all edges incident with each vertex is zero, and we call it a zero-sum $k$-flow if the absolute values of edges are less than $k$. We define the zero-sum flow number of $G$ as the least integer $k$ for which $G$ admitting a zero sum $k$-flow.? In this paper we gave complete zero-sum flow and zero sum numbers for categorical and strong product of two graphs namely cycle and paths.

Topological indices as a molecular descriptors are important tools in (QSAR)/(QSPR) studies. The graph entropies with topological indices inspired by Shannon’s entropy concept become the information-theoretic quantities for measuring the structural information of chemical graphs and complex networks. The graph entropy measures are playing an important role in a variety of problem areas including, discrete mathematics, biology, and chemistry. Our contribution is to explore graph entropies that are based on a novel information functional, which is the number of vertices of different degree together with the number of edges between different degree vertices.In this paper, we study the chemical graph of crystal structure of titanium difluoride TiF2 and crystallographic structure of cuprite Cu2O. Also, we compute entropies of these structures by making a relation of degree based topological indices namely first redefined Zagreb index, second redefined Zagreb index, third redefined Zagreb index, fourth Atom Bond Connectivity index, fifth Geometric Arithmetic index, Sanskruti index with the help of information function.

Pharmaceutical use of finasteride (Dilaprost®) has been well documents in the peer-reviewed literature; however, the presence of trace amounts of related substances (impurities) in finasteride may influence the tharapeutic efficacy and safely. Due to limited information available, the objective of this study was to develop a quantification method for the three impurities of finasteride using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. The compounds (impurities) of finasteride that are registered with the European Pharmacopeia, which we sought to validate are: -N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-oxo-4-aza-5α-androstane-17β-carboxamide (impurity A), methyl 3-oxo-4-aza-5α-androst-1-ene-17β-carboxylate (impurity B), and -N-(1,1-dimehylethyl)-3-oxo-4-azaandrosta-1,5-diene-17β-carboxamide (impurity C). Analyses were performed using a Nova Pac C18 column for HPLC with isocratic elution. Detection was carried out at 210 nm, the concentration of the three impurities was in the range was 1.5–4.5 μg mL−1 at ambient temperature with a mobile phase of water + acetonitrile + tetrahydrofuran (80:10:10, v/v/v) and the flow rate was 2.0 mL min−1. The recoveries were: 101.35 ± 0.62% (impurity A), 101.60 ± 2.66% (impurity B) and 101.97 ± 2.05% (impurity C). Validation of the method yielded fairly good results as it relates to the precision and accuracy. It is, therefore, concluded that the method would be suitable for not only the separation and determination of processed impurities to monitor the reactions, but also for the quality assurance of finasteride and its related substances. Keywords: Finasteride, Impurities, Validation, Analytical, HPLC, Pharmaceutical use

Dendrimers achieved great consideration in gene and drug delivery applications because of having highly administrable architecture. Unambiguous structure of dendrimers might reduce the unpredictability related to the molecule’s shape and size, and also boost the accuracy of drug delivery. Dendrimers have exclusive physical and chemical properties due to which they have extensive range of potential applications like chemical sensors, light harvesting material, enhance the solubility, antitumer therapy, medical diagnostics, drug delivery system, catalysts, and many more. With the total π-electron energy, the degree-based topological indices have a lot of iterations.In this paper, our desideration is to compute the topological aspects of degree based entropy for fractal and cayley tree type dendrimers. More preciously, we explore two tree type dendrimers denoted by Fr ant Cm,n. Moreover, entropies are estimated of these two structures by generating a correlation between degree based topological indices and their entropies.

The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) introduced new approaches to report toxicity studies. The NRC vision is to explore the toxicity pathways leading to the adverse effects in intact organisms by the exposure of the chemicals. This study examines the toxicity profiling of the naphthalene-2-yl 2-chloro-5-dinitrobenzoate (SF5) by adopting the vision of NRC that moves from traditional animal studies to the cellular pathways. Acute, subacute, and developmental toxicity studies were assayed according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The stress response pathway, toxicity pathway, and adverse effects outcome parameters were analyzed by using their standard protocols. The results showed that the acute toxicity study increases the liver enzyme levels. In a subacute toxicity study, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were raised in both male and female animals. SF5 significantly increases the normal sperm count in the male animals corresponding to a decrease in the abnormality count. Developmental toxicity showed the normal skeletal and morphological parameters, except little hydrocephalus was observed in developmental toxicity. Doses of 20 mg/kg in males and 4 mg/kg in females showed decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidney and liver. MDA levels were also increased in the kidney and liver. However, histopathological studies did not show any cellular change in these organs. No statistical difference was observed in histamine levels, testosterone, nuclear factor erythroid two-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which showed no initiation of the stress response, toxicity, and adverse effect pathways. Immunomodulation was observed at low doses in subacute toxicity studies. It was concluded that SF5 did not produce abrupt and high-toxicity levels in organs and biochemical parameters. So, it is safe for further studies.

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that has a large number of highly branched polymers. It has a structure that is nearly identical to that of amylopectin. It can be found in practically all animal cells and some plant cells. Glycogen is a natural polysaccharide polymer with features that make it a good antiparticle carrier for cancer therapeutics. It is not only biocompatible by nature but also be chemically modified to accommodate additional molecular components. Topological indices are used to create quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), in which the biological activity or other properties of molecules are linked to their chemical structure. We estimated certain K^ Banhatti and Gourava indices of natural polymers of polysaccharides, namely, glycogen and amylopectin, which have therapeutic applications, extraordinary features, and fascinating molecular framework, in this study. We also discovered some relationships between K^ Banhatti indices and information entropies, as well as a relationship between Gourava indices and their respective information entropies. In addition, we give a comparative analysis of these macromolecule families using graphs to highlight their nature.

Background and Objectives: Recent findings demonstrate that the transmigration of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to the nervous system implicates severe neurotropic pathologies, including the onset of the rare disease called Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) which is characterized by immune-mediated polyneuropathy. This study aimed to identify the predisposing factors and the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced GBS. Materials and Methods: We have performed an analysis of 147 cases. A systematic review of the published research work was performed per the PRISMA statement to obtain individual participant data (IPD) for the meta-analysis. The search was conducted through PubMed, using the combined search terms “Guillain–Barré syndrome” and “COVID-19”. All case reports and series in the English language with accessed full text were included in the search. Results: A systematic database search led to the retrieval of 112 peer-reviewed articles published between 1 April 2020, and 8 February 2022. The articles comprised 16 case series and 96 case reports containing IPD for 147 patients. Our findings showed that 77.6% of all cases were 40 years or older. Males comprised most of the cases (65.3%; n = 96). The intensive care unit (ICU) admission was 44.9%, and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) was 38.1%. The patients presented with hyporeflexia or areflexia (84.4%; n = 124), lower limb strength and sensation impairment (93.2%; n = 138), upper limb strength and sensation impairment (85.7; n = 126), and somatic sensation impairment (72.8%; n = 107). The patients presented with increased cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) protein levels (92%; n = 92) and the presence of CSF albuminocytological dissociation (83.5%; n = 71). The most common variant of GBS observed was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). We found that predisposing factors concomitant with COVID-19 and GBS were male gender and older age. Among the cases, patient mortality was 10.9%. Conclusions: A gap of knowledge exists regarding the complete spectrum of clinical characteristics of COVID-19-related GBS. Recent findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 triggers GBS, as it follows a similar para-infectious pattern as the other viral agents contributing to the onset of GBS.

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint and is a type I transmembrane protein. VISTA is linked to immunotherapy resistance, and it is a potential immune therapeutic target, especially for triple-negative breast cancer. It expresses at a high concentration in regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and its functional blockade is found to delay tumor growth. A useful medicinal plant database for drug designing (MPD3), which is a collection of phytochemicals from diverse plant families, was employed in virtual screening against VISTA to prioritize natural inhibitors against VISTA. Three compounds, Paratocarpin K (PubChem ID: 14187087), 3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-(trimethylazaniumyl)propanoate (PubChem ID: 3861164), and 2-[(5-Benzyl-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PubChem ID: 6494266), having binding energies stronger than −6 kcal/mol were found to have two common hydrogen bond interactions with VISTA active site residues: Arg54 and Arg127. The dynamics of the compound–VISTA complexes were further explored to infer binding stability of the systems. Results revealed that the compound 14187087 and 6494266 systems are highly stable with an average RMSD of 1.31 Å. Further affirmation on the results was achieved by running MM-GBSA on the MD simulation trajectories, which re-ranked 14187087 as the top-binder with a net binding energy value of −33.33 kcal/mol. In conclusion, the present study successfully predicted natural compounds that have the potential to block the function of VISTA and therefore can be utilized further in experimental studies to validate their real anti-VISTA activity.

In the current work, by using the familiar q-calculus, first, we study certain generalized conic-type regions. We then introduce and study a subclass of the multivalent q-starlike functions that map the open unit disk into the generalized conic domain. Next, we study potentially effective outcomes such as sufficient restrictions and the Fekete–Szegö type inequalities. We attain lower bounds for the ratio of a good few functions related to this lately established class and sequences of the partial sums. Furthermore, we acquire a number of attributes of the corresponding class of q-starlike functions having negative Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients, including distortion theorems. Moreover, various important corollaries are carried out. The new explorations appear to be in line with a good few prior commissions and the current area of our recent investigation.

A marine natural product possesses a diverse and unique scaffold that contributes to a vast array of bioactivities. Tricyclic guanidine alkaloids are a type of scaffold found only in marine natural products. These rare skeletons exhibit a wide range of biological applications, but their synthetic approaches are still limited. Various stereochemical assignments of the compounds remain unresolved. Batzelladine and ptilocaulins are an area of high interest in research on tricyclic guanidine alkaloids. In addition, mirabilins and netamines are among the other tricyclic guanidine alkaloids that contain the ptilocaulin skeleton. Due to the different structural configurations of batzelladine and ptilocaulin, these two main skeletons are afforded attention in many reports. These two main skeletons exhibit different kinds of compounds by varying their ester chain and sidechain. The synthetic approaches to tricyclic guanidine alkaloids, especially the batzelladine and ptilocaulin skeletons, are discussed. Moreover, this review compiles the first and latest research on the synthesis of these compounds and their bioactivities, dating from the 1980s to 2022.

The eccentricity-based entropy inspired by Shannon's entropy approach is the information-theoretic quantity to figure out the structural information of complex networks. The investigation for advance biomedical utilization of dendrimers has improved the synthesis of radical based molecules. Categorically, attaining radical dendrimers has initiated their use in different fields such as anti-tumor agents and as magnetic resonance imaging. The use of radical dendrimers has increased the possibility of establishing new kinds of devices based on para-magnetic axioms of organic radicals. In this article, we discussed dendrimer based on cyclotriphosphazene (N3P3) which has balanced edge groups and these are examined by EPR temperature spectrum. Firstly, we computed eccentricity-based indices and then we computed eccentricity based entropies by developing an acquaintance between these indices and their entropies. Moreover we presented our computed result numerically and graphically which leads to good importance of our contribution.

Abstract Of all the gynecologic tumors, ovarian cancer (OC) is known to be the deadliest. Advanced‐stages of OC are linked with high morbidity and low survival rates despite the immense amount of research in the field. Shortage of promising screening tools for early‐stage detection is one of the major challenges linked with the poor survival rate for patients with OC. In OC, therapeutic management is used with multidisciplinary approaches that includes debulking surgery, chemotherapy, and (rarely) radiotherapy. Recently, there is an increasing interest in using immunomodulation for treating OC. Relapse rates are high in this malignancy and averages around every 2‐years. Further treatments after the relapse are more intense, increasing the toxicity, resistance to chemotherapy drugs, and financial burden to patients with poor quality‐of‐life. A procedure that has been studied to help reduce the morbidity rate involves pre‐sensitizing cancer cells with standard therapy in order to produce optimal results with minimum dosage. Utilizing such an approach, platinum‐based agents are effective due to their increased response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in relapsed cases. These chemo‐drugs also help address the issue of drug resistance. After conducting an extensive search with available literature and the resources for clinical trials, information is precisely documented on current research, biomarkers, options for treatment and clinical trials. Several schemes for enhancing the therapeutic responses for OC are discussed systematically in this review with an attempt in summarizing the recent developments in this exciting field of translational/clinical research.

Introduction/Background: Adults with chest pain presenting to an emergency department are high-risk and high-volume. A methodology which gathers practicing physicians together to review evidence and share practice experience to formulate a written algorithm with key decision points and measures is discussed with implementation, based on change management principles, and results. Methods: A methodology was followed to “establish the standard-of-care”. Literature and data were reviewed, a written consensus algorithm was designed with ability to track adherence and deviations. We performed a before and after analysis of a performance improvement intervention in adult patients with undifferentiated chest pain in our nine-campus hospital system in Florida between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2018. Results: A total of 200,691 patients were identified as adults with chest pain and the algorithm was used. A dramatic change in the disposition decision rate was noted. When the ‘Baseline-Year’ was compared with the ‘Performance-Year’, chest pain patients discharged from the ED increased by 99%, those going to the ‘Observation’ status decreased by 20%, and inpatient admissions decreased by 63% (p

Introduction: Essure® device malposition is a rare, but clinically significant complication, for which management is idiosyncratic. This case report describes an unusual example of Essure® migration in order to clarify reasonable management options. Case Presentation: A 50-year old G4P2022 underwent hysteroscopic sterilization using the Essure® device. Insertion was complicated by fragmentation of both coils. Two years later, one of the coils was incidentally discovered protruding through the cervical os. The visible portion was clipped when attempts to remove the entire coil were unsuccessful. Conclusion: Difficult placement increases the risk of Essure® malposition. In asymptomatic patients, conservative management with removal of only a portion of the device is a rational approach.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol-2 (HTTP/2) partially resolved the problem of Head-of-Line Blocking (HoLB) by multiplexing independent messages at the application layer. This enables simultaneous transmission of multiple requests over the same connection independently. However, this technique becomes ineffective when packet loss occurs in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) flow in which case all the independent streams are blocked until the retransmission of the lost packet; this problem is known as HoLB at TCP-level. The problem arises because the underlying TCP does not differentiate between independent messages/streams from application layer protocol. This study proposes a multistream framework for Fast TCP to support multiple independent messages/streams of the application. The proposed framework uses separate flows, buffers, and segments for each independent stream, and interleaves these segments over a single TCP connection. It makes TCP compatible with HTTP/2, reduces data delivery latency between transport and application layer, and alleviates head-of-line blocking. We implemented this framework in Fast TCP and carried out a simulation-based comparison between Multistream Fast TCP (MFast TCP) and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Our results show that MFast TCP significantly improved performance over SCTP in the event of HoLB.

The presented study was designed to probe the toxicity potential of newly identified compound naphthalen-2-yl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (SF1). Acute, subacute toxicity and teratogenicity studies were performed as per Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) 425, 407, and 414 test guidelines, respectively. An oral dose of 2000 mg/kg to rats for acute toxicity. Furthermore, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses were administered once daily for 28 days in subacute toxicity study. Teratogenicity study was performed with 40 mg/kg due to its excellent anti-Alzheimer results at this dose. SF1 induced a significant rise in Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP), bilirubin, white blood cells (WBC), and lymphocyte levels with a decrease in platelet count. Furthermore, the reduction in urea, uric acid, and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and an increase in total protein levels were measured in subacute toxicity. SF1 increased spermatogenesis at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. Teratogenicity study depicted no resorptions, early abortions, cleft palate, spina bifida and any skeletal abnormalities in the fetuses. Oxidative stress markers (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were increased in all the experiments, whereas the effect on melanoaldehyde Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was variable. Histopathology further corroborated these results with no change in the architectures of selected organs. Consequently, a 2000 mg/kg dose of SF1 tends to induce minor liver dysfunction along with immunomodulation, and it is well below its LD50. Moreover, it can be safely used in pregnancy owing to its no detectable teratogenicity.

The silicon material has provoked and stimulated significant research concern to a considerable extent taking into account its marvelous mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. Naturally, silicons are semiconductors and are utilized in the formation of various materials. For example, it is used in assembling the electronic based gadgets. In this article, we have studied the 2D structure of silicon carbide Si2C3−Im,n and Si2C3−IIm,n and then continued to discuss some degree grounded topological descriptors in association with their corresponding entropy measures. We extend this computation to the quantitative and pictorial comparisons which could be beneficial in the structure amendment for effective implementation.

Biological proceedings are well characterized by solid illustrations for communication networks. The framework of biological networks has to be considered together with the expansion of infectious diseases like coronavirus. Also, the graph entropies have established themselves as the information theoretic measure to evaluate the architectural information of biological networks. In this article, we examined conclusive biochemical networks like t-level hypertrees along with the corona product of hypertrees with path. We computed eccentricity-based indices for the depiction of aforementioned theoretical frameworks of biochemical networks. Furthermore, explicit depiction of the graph entropies with these indices is also measured.

In chemical graph theory, benzenoid systems are interrogated as they exhibit the chemical compounds known as benzenoid hydrocarbons. Benzenoid schemes are circumscribed as planar connected finite graphs having no cut vertices wherein the entire internal sections are collaboratively congruent regular hexagon. The past couple of decennium has acknowledged an extravagant development regarding implementation of information theoretic framework in miscellaneous ramification of science, for instance, in social sciences, biological, physical, and engineering. Explicitly, this tremendous improvement has been outstanding in the field of soft computing, molecular biology, and information technology. The information theory, delineated by Claud Shannon, has no less importance when it was considered. Shannon put forwarded the apprehension of entropy to enumerate upper bounds in transmission rates in telephonic channels, in optical communication, and in wireless. The prestigious feature of entropy is that it entitles the amount of uncertainty in a system. The substantial participation of this paper is to explore characteristics of graph entropies and then keep moving forward to talk about the formation of coronoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Likewise, we estimate entropies through precise topological indices established on degree of terminal nodes.

Background: Non-gestational choriocarcinomas represent a small subset of germ cell tumors. The majority of non-gestational choriocarcinomas arise from the gynecologic tract. In rare cases, they can originate from other sites, and very few such cases have been reported in peer-reviewed literature. We add to this small collection with an interesting case of non-gestational choriocarcinoma arising from a primary gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old female presented to the emergency department with ocular hemorrhage. Originally thought to have melanoma, full-body computed tomography (CT) revealed widespread metastases including a 3 cm hemorrhagic brain mass, hepatic metastases, and a mass at the gastro-esophageal (GE) junction. Pathology of the intracranial mass revealed a malignant neoplasm consistent with choriocarcinoma. Recent dilation and curettage (D&C) were negative for malignancy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) biopsy of the GE junction mass showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, likely the primary lesion, while the liver biopsy matched the β-hCG staining pattern as seen in the brain. Conclusions: Choriocarcinomas can rarely originate outside of the female reproductive tract (non-gestational, primary choriocarcinomas). In the infrequent cases where a gestational origin is clinically unlikely, the differential diagnosis includes a non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma and choriocarcinomatous differentiation in another primary malignancy. Careful correlation with imaging and clinico-pathologic studies is paramount to determining their origin and guiding further clinical treatment. Keywords: Choriocarcinoma, De-differentiated, Gastro-esophageal, Junction Primary, Adenocarcinoma, Case report, Literature review

The nanostar dendrimers are a piece of another gathering of macromolecules that seem, by all accounts, to be photon pipes simply like counterfeit reception apparatuses. In addition, nanostar dendrimers are one of the fundamental stuffs of nanobiotechnology. The smart polymers are large-scale particles that show an emotional physioconcoction change because of little changes in their condition, for example, temperature, pH, light, attractive field, and ionic variables. A topological record of a graph G is a numeric quantity notorious with G which portrays subatomic diagram G. In this paper, we decide first and second Zagreb indices, hyper-Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, second numerous Zagreb index, and Zagreb polynomials for nanostar dendrimer and smart polymer.

Biased distribution of hydro-climate stations in high elevations are major obstacles for reliable appraisal of the hydro-climatic regime of the Chitral Basin located in the extreme north of Pakistan. We modeled this regime in the ARC-SWAT hydrological model forced with the latest gridded reanalysis ERA5 Land dataset, bias-corrected against a good quality reference dataset. The performance of the gridded dataset was cross-validated by comparing the model flow simulation against the observed flows. The ERA5 Land overall provided reasonably good estimates. The calibrated model on the daily time scale was able to provide excellent values of the employed statistical measures (NSE, KGE, PBIAS, RMSE and MAE). For a future climate change analysis, climate series was devised using two future projection scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) using the best performing GCM (MIROC5_rlilp1) out of five investigated GCMs. The results of the climate change analysis reveal increment in the average temperature up to +3.73 °C and +5.62 °C for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, while the analysis of precipitation suggests an annual decrease up to −16% and −35% against RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, by the end of century. A future simulated flow analysis showed an increment of +0.25 % and decrease of −6.82% for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Further analysis of climate suggests seasonal deflections especially in precipitation and flow regimes. A notable climb in flow quantities was observed during spring season (MAM) in spite of the major reduction in precipitation amounts for that season. This implicitly supports a high rate of glacial/snow melt especially in the spring season during that period. Frequent droughts and floods are also projected by examining flow durations at each interval of the 21st century.

Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) represent

In this paper, we introduce a new subclass of multivalent functions associated with conic domain in an open unit disk. We study some convolution properties, su cient condition for the functions belonging to this new class.

This study investigated the influence of sixteen years exclosure from unmanaged grazing on aboveground vegetation biomass, soil organic matter (SOM), soil aggregation and nitrogen (N) mineralization in arid shrubland of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Sampling was carried out from three sites along the chronosequence of secondary succession. One site was located at open-for-grazing area (grazed site) and the other two sites were located in the area that is protected since 1998. One of the protected site is more remote from grazing (protected site 1) where the land is less disturbed and has thick vegetation than the other protected site (protected site 2). Results showed a significant difference for aboveground vegetation biomass across sites and was in the order of protected site 1> protected site 2> grazed site. Soil organic matter was 53% and 46% higher in protected sites than grazed site. Aggregates larger than 2 mm size were not detected in soil from grazed site but represented 4.5% and 3% of the sample soil profile at the protected site 1 and protected site 2, respectively. Rate of N mineralization was lower in soils at the grazed site as compared to soils at the protected sites. Soil moisture contents were significantly lower at grazed site and showed a strong positive correlation with aboveground vegetation biomass. This study demonstrates that unmanaged grazing severely affected aboveground vegetation biomass, soil organic matter, large-sized soil aggregates, nitrogen mineralization and soil moisture contents. Short term exclosure from grazing (~16 years) can enhance aboveground vegetation biomass and soil quality in terms of soil organic matter accumulation, soil aggregation, retention of soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization in this arid rangeland.

Diabetes is becoming a global epidemic. Type1 diabetes (T1DM) accounts for 3-5% of all the diabetics. As T1DM is diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, it is associated with more complications because of longer life span of individuals with this condition. The main objective of the study was to find out attitudes of people with type 1 diabetes especially with regards to their follow up. A cross-sectional study was planned and a total of 97 people with type 1 diabetes were included for a period of one year. To analyze the data SPSS 20.0 version was used. Results showed that out of 97 people, 48 (49.5%) were male and 49 (50.5%) were female. The mean age of total type 1 diabetics were 17.03±6.54 years. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.59±3.09. The results revealed that 45% of people showed positive attitude and 55% showed negative behavior towards follow-up. It was concluded that overall follow up of people with type 1 diabetes was poor. It was observed that they wanted a complete cure and this contribute to missed follow up.

Let G=V,E be a simple connected graph, w∈V be a vertex, and e=uv∈E be an edge. The distance between the vertex w and edge e is given by de,w=mindw,u,dw,v, A vertex w distinguishes two edges e1, e2∈E if dw,e1≠dw,e2. A set S is said to be resolving if every pair of edges of G is distinguished by some vertices of S. A resolving set with minimum cardinality is the basis for G, and this cardinality is the edge metric dimension of G, denoted by edimG. It has already been proved that the edge metric dimension is an NP-hard problem. The main objective of this article is to study the edge metric dimension of some families of wheel-related graphs and prove that these families have unbounded edge metric dimension. Moreover, the results are compared with the metric dimension of these graphs.

Endometrial serous carcinomas are very clinically aggressive, which constitutes 40% of all deaths and recurrences associated with endometrial cancer. Small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium is relatively rare but aggressive, and often presents a component of endometrioid carcinoma, and is not generally associated with serous carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of 74-year-old African-American female, who presented with intermittent post-menopausal bleeding for >1-month. She underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sentinel lymph node mapping, and pelvic-and-aortic lymphadenectomy. Final pathology was consistent with serous carcinoma of the endometrium in combination with neuroendocrine small-cell carcinoma. This extremely rare combination of tumors presents a challenge for treatment. The mainstay of treatment seems to be surgery followed by chemotherapy ± radiation therapy. To our knowledge, it represents an under-reported area of gynecological medicine.

The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe respiratory infection (COVID-19) has spread in China, and the World Health Organization has declared it a pandemic. However, no approved drug or vaccines are available, and treatment is mainly supportive and through a few repurposed drugs. The urgency of the situation requires the development of SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines. Immunoinformatic and molecular modelling are time-efficient methods that are generally used to accelerate the discovery and design of the candidate peptides for vaccine development. In recent years, the use of multiepitope vaccines has proved to be a promising immunization strategy against viruses and pathogens, thus inducing more comprehensive protective immunity. The current study demonstrated a comprehensive in silico strategy to design stable multiepitope vaccine construct (MVC) from B-cell and T-cell epitopes of essential SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the help of adjuvants and linkers. The integrated molecular dynamics simulations analysis revealed the stability of MVC and its interaction with human Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which trigger an innate and adaptive immune response. Later, the in silico cloning in a known pET28a vector system also estimated the possibility of MVC expression in Escherichia coli. Despite that this study lacks validation of this vaccine construct in terms of its efficacy, the current integrated strategy encompasses the initial multiple epitope vaccine design concepts. After validation, this MVC can be present as a better prophylactic solution against COVID-19.

Withania coagulans (W. coagulans) is well-known in herbal medicinal systems for its high biological potential. Different parts of the plant are used against insomnia, liver complications, asthma, and biliousness, as well as it is reported to be sedative, emetic, diuretic, antidiabetic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic, cardiovascular, immuno-suppressive and central nervous system depressant. Withanolides present in W. coagulans have attracted an immense interest in the scientific field due to their diverse therapeutic applications. The current study deals with chemical and biological evaluation of chloroform, and n-butanol fractions of W. coagulans. The activity-guided fractionation of both extracts via multiple chromatographic steps and structure elucidation of pure isolates using spectroscopies (NMR, mass spectrometry, FTIR and UV-Vis) led to the identification of a new withanolide glycoside, withacogulanoside-B (1) from n-butanol extract and five known withanolides from chloroform extract [withanolid J (2), coagulin E (3), withaperuvin C (4), 27-hydroxywithanolide I (5), and ajugin E (6)]. Among the tested compounds, compound 5 was the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with IC50 = 66.7 ± 3.6 µM, followed by compound 4 (IC50: 407 ± 4.5 µM) and compound 2 (IC50: 683 ± 0.94 µM), while no antiglycation activity was observed with the six isolated compounds. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding potential and binding site interactions of these compounds as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Consequently, this study provides basis to discover specific antidiabetic compounds from W. coagulans.