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1. Challenges for ticks and tick-borne diseases research in Southeast Asia: Insight from the first international symposium in Cambodia.

Author

Sony Yean, Didot Budi Prasetyo, Sebastien Marcombe, Upik Kesumawati Hadi, Abdul Rahman Kazim, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Vu Duc Chinh, Keita Matsuno, Van Lun Low, Sarah Bonnet, Nathalie Boulanger, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Vincent Herbreteau, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Samuth Sum, Theary Ren, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Antsa Rakotonirina, and Sebastien Boyer

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundTicks, as critical vectors of a variety of pathogens, pose a significant public health challenge globally. In Southeast Asia (SEA), ticks are responsible for transmitting a diverse array of pathogens affecting humans and animals. The geographical and ecological diversity of SEA provides a unique environment that supports a wide range of tick species, which complicates the management and study of tick-borne diseases (TBDs).Methodology/principal findingsThis article synthesizes findings from the first international symposium on ticks and TBDs in Southeast Asia, held in Phnom Penh on June 22 and 23, 2023. It highlights regional efforts to understand tick ecology and pathogen transmission. This paper proposes to present a summary of the various presentations given during the symposium following 3 main parts. The first one is devoted to the state of knowledge regarding ticks and TBDs in SEA countries, with presentations from 6 different countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The second part focuses on the development of new research approaches on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) and TBDs. The last part is a summary of the round table discussion held on the final day, with the aim of defining the most important challenges and recommendations for researches on TBP and TBD in the SEA region.Conclusions/significanceKey topics discussed include advancements in diagnostic tools, such as MALDI-TOF MS and proteomics, and the development of sustainable strategies for tick management and disease prevention. The symposium facilitated the exchange of knowledge and collaborative networks among experts from various disciplines, promoting a unified approach to tackling TBDs in the region. The symposium underscored the need for enhanced surveillance, diagnostics, and inter-regional cooperation to manage the threat of TBDs effectively. Recommendations include the establishment of a regional database for tick identification and the expansion of vector competence studies. These initiatives are crucial for developing targeted interventions and understanding the broader implications of climate change and urbanization on the prevalence of TBDs.

Published
2024
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2. Tick exposure biomarkers: A One Health approach to new tick surveillance tools

Author

Alexis Dziedziech, Eva Krupa, Kristina E.M. Persson, Richard Paul, and Sarah Bonnet

Subjects
Tick exposure, Biomarkers, Tick saliva, Immunogenic peptides, Biomarker discovery, Antigenic peptides, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

The spread of tick-borne disease (TBD) is escalating globally, driven by climate change and socio-economic shifts, underlining the urgency to improve surveillance, diagnostics, and control strategies. Ticks can transmit a range of pathogens increasing the risk of transmission of human and veterinary diseases such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Surveillance methods play a crucial role in monitoring the spread of tick-borne pathogens (TBP). However, there are shortcomings in the current surveillance methods regarding risks related to ticks. Human-tick encounters offer a novel metric for disease risk assessment, integrating human behavior into traditional surveillance models. However, to more reliably measure tick exposure, a molecular marker is needed. The identification of antibodies against arthropod salivary proteins as biomarkers for vector exposure represents a promising avenue for enhancing existing diagnostic and surveillance metrics. Here we explore how the use of tick saliva biomarkers targeting recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides could significantly improve the assessment of TBD transmission risk and the effectiveness of vector control measures. With focused efforts on creating a biomarker against tick exposure suitable for humans and domestic animals alike, tick surveillance, diagnosis and control would be more achievable and aid in reducing the mounting threat of TBP through a One Health lens.

Published
2024
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3. Update on tick-borne pathogens detection methods within ticks

Author

Eva Krupa, Alexis Dziedziech, Richard Paul, and Sarah Bonnet

Subjects
Ticks, Tick-borne pathogens, Detection methods, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Ticks are known vectors of various pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, that impact both animal and human health. Improving knowledge of the distribution of tick-borne pathogens, combined with their early detection in ticks, are essential steps to fight against tick-borne diseases and mitigate their impacts. Here we give an overview of what are the common methods of pathogen detection in tick samples, including recent developments concerning how to handle tick samples, get access to tick-borne pathogens by chemical or physical disruption of the ticks, and methods used for the RNA/DNA extraction steps. Furthermore, we discuss promising tools that are developed for other sample types such as serum or blood to detect tick-borne pathogens, and those that could be used in the future for tick samples.

Published
2024
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4. Survey of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in wild chimpanzee habitat in Western Uganda

Author

Camille Lacroux, Sarah Bonnet, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Marie Buysse, Nil Rahola, Sabine Rakotobe, John-Paul Okimat, Rachid Koual, Edward Asalu, Sabrina Krief, and Olivier Duron

Subjects
Amblyomma, Piroplasmids, Borrelia, Cryptoplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Ticks and tick-borne pathogens significantly impact both human and animal health and therefore are of major concern to the scientific community. Knowledge of tick-borne pathogens is crucial for prescription of mitigation measures. In Africa, much research on ticks has focused on domestic animals. Little is known about ticks and their pathogens in wild habitats and wild animals like the endangered chimpanzee, our closest relative. Methods In this study, we collected ticks in the forested habitat of a community of 100 chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Western Uganda, and assessed how their presence and abundance are influenced by environmental factors. We used non-invasive methods of flagging the vegetation and visual search of ticks both on human team members and in chimpanzee nests. We identified adult and nymph ticks through morphological features. Molecular techniques were used to detect and identify tick-borne piroplasmids and bacterial pathogens. Results A total of 470 ticks were collected, which led to the identification of seven tick species: Haemaphysalis parmata (68.77%), Amblyomma tholloni (20.70%), Ixodes rasus sensu lato (7.37%), Rhipicephalus dux (1.40%), Haemaphysalis punctaleachi (0.70%), Ixodes muniensis (0.70%) and Amblyomma paulopunctatum (0.35%). The presence of ticks, irrespective of species, was influenced by temperature and type of vegetation but not by relative humidity. Molecular detection revealed the presence of at least six genera of tick-borne pathogens (Babesia, Theileria, Borrelia, Cryptoplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia). The Afrotopical tick Amblyomma tholloni found in one chimpanzee nest was infected by Rickettsia sp. Conclusions In conclusion, this study presented ticks and tick-borne pathogens in a Ugandan wildlife habitat whose potential effects on animal health remain to be elucidated. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
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5. Reliability of molecular host-identification methods for ticks: an experimental in vitro study with Ixodes ricinus

Author

Elsa Léger, Xiangye Liu, Sébastien Masseglia, Valérie Noël, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Sarah Bonnet, and Karen D. McCoy

Subjects
Host identification, Hematophagous arthropods, Ixodidae, Molecular methods, Detection biases, Vector-borne diseases, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Reliable information on host use by arthropod vectors is required to study pathogen transmission ecology and to predict disease risk. Direct observation of host use is often difficult or impossible and indirect methods are therefore necessary. However, the reliability of currently available methods to identify the last host of blood-feeding arthropods has not been evaluated, and may be particularly problematic for ticks because host blood has been digested at capture. Biases in host detection may lead to erroneous conclusions on both vector ecology and pathogen circulation. Methods Here, we experimentally tested for biases in host detection using the generalist three-host tick Ixodes ricinus as a model system. We fed ticks using an artificial feeding system and amplified blood meal traces post-moult (i.e., in the succeeding unfed life stage) via both a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and a reverse line blotting method. We then experimentally tested for three types of biases in host detection: 1) time post-moult, 2) tick life stage and 3) host type (non-nucleated mammal blood versus nucleated avian blood), and compared these biases between the two molecular methods. Results Our results show that all three factors can influence host detection in ticks but not necessarily in the expected way. Although host detection rates decreased with time post-moult, mammal blood tended to be more readily detected than bird blood. Tick life stage was also an important factor; detection was higher in nymphs than in adults and, in some cases, remnants from both larval and nymphal blood meals could be detected in the adult stage. These biases were similar for the two detection techniques. Conclusions We show that different factors associated with questing ticks may influence our ability to correctly infer previous host use and that these factors may bias inferences from field-based studies. As these biases may be common to other vector-borne disease systems, their implications for our understanding of vector ecology and disease transmission require more explicit consideration.

Published
2015
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6. Population genetics, community of parasites, and resistance to rodenticides in an urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) population.

Author

Amélie Desvars-Larrive, Michel Pascal, Patrick Gasqui, Jean-François Cosson, Etienne Benoît, Virginie Lattard, Laurent Crespin, Olivier Lorvelec, Benoît Pisanu, Alexandre Teynié, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Sarah Bonnet, Philippe Marianneau, Sandra Lacôte, Pascale Bourhy, Philippe Berny, Nicole Pavio, Sophie Le Poder, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Elsa Jourdain, Abdessalem Hammed, Isabelle Fourel, Farid Chikh, and Gwenaël Vourc'h

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Brown rats are one of the most widespread urban species worldwide. Despite the nuisances they induce and their potential role as a zoonotic reservoir, knowledge on urban rat populations remains scarce. The main purpose of this study was to characterize an urban brown rat population from Chanteraines park (Hauts-de-Seine, France), with regards to haematology, population genetics, immunogenic diversity, resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, and community of parasites. Haematological parameters were measured. Population genetics was investigated using 13 unlinked microsatellite loci. Immunogenic diversity was assessed for Mhc-Drb. Frequency of the Y139F mutation (conferring resistance to rodenticides) and two linked microsatellites were studied, concurrently with the presence of anticoagulant residues in the liver. Combination of microscopy and molecular methods were used to investigate the occurrence of 25 parasites. Statistical approaches were used to explore multiple parasite relationships and model parasite occurrence. Eighty-six rats were caught. The first haematological data for a wild urban R. norvegicus population was reported. Genetic results suggested high genetic diversity and connectivity between Chanteraines rats and surrounding population(s). We found a high prevalence (55.8%) of the mutation Y139F and presence of rodenticide residues in 47.7% of the sampled individuals. The parasite species richness was high (16). Seven potential zoonotic pathogens were identified, together with a surprisingly high diversity of Leptospira species (4). Chanteraines rat population is not closed, allowing gene flow and making eradication programs challenging, particularly because rodenticide resistance is highly prevalent. Parasitological results showed that co-infection is more a rule than an exception. Furthermore, the presence of several potential zoonotic pathogens, of which four Leptospira species, in this urban rat population raised its role in the maintenance and spread of these pathogens. Our findings should stimulate future discussions about the development of a long-term rat-control management program in Chanteraines urban park.

Published
2017
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8. Anatomic Variation of Sacral Mesh Attachment During Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy

Author

Stephanie, Glass Clark, Rachel, Dang, Sarah, Bonnet, Halina M, Zyczynski, and Lauren, Giugale

Abstract

Although anatomic level of mesh attachment to the sacrum varied during minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy with a large proportion above S1, this was not associated with pelvic organ prolapse recurrence.This study aimed to describe the anatomic level of sacral mesh attachment and its association with prolapse recurrence after minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy.This study included a retrospective cohort of women who underwent minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy with subsequent abdominal and pelvic imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography) between 2010 and 2019 at a single academic institution. Anatomic level of attachment was determined by a radiologist. Prolapse recurrence was defined as a composite of self-reported bulge symptoms, any prolapse measure beyond the hymen, and any retreatment with pessary or surgery. χ2 Tests were used for comparative outcomes.Analyses included 212 women. The mean ± SD age was 58.8 ± 9.9 years, the majority have preoperative stage III/IV prolapse (81.1%), and the median follow-up was 269 days (interquartile range, 57-825 days). Mesh was attached using titanium tacks (n = 136 [64.2%]) and suture (n = 76 [35.8%]) at the level of the L5-S1 intervertebral space (n = 113 [53.3%]) or overlying S1 (n = 89 [42.0%]).The surgical approach was significantly associated with attachment location with a greater proportion of laparoscopy cases demonstrating mesh attachment above S1 (85 [62.5%] vs robotically, 30 [39.5%]; P0.01). Dichotomized level of attachment was not associated with composite prolapse recurrence (above S1, n = 18 [22.2%] vs below S1, n = 24 [24.7%]; P = 0.69) or any compartment recurrence (P ≥ 0.36).Mesh was primarily attached to the anterior longitudinal ligament at the level of the L5-S1 intervertebral space or S1. Level of mesh attachment was not associated with composite prolapse recurrence.

Published
2022

9. Total body irradiation versus busulfan based intermediate intensity conditioning for stem cell transplantation in ALL patients >45 years—a registry-based study by the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT

Author

Klaus Hirschbühl, Myriam Labopin, Emmanuelle Polge, Didier Blaise, Jean Henri Bourhis, Gerard Socié, Edouard Forcade, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Wolfgang Bethge, Patrice Chevallier, Sarah Bonnet, Matthias Stelljes, Alexandros Spyridonidis, Zinaida Peric, Eolia Brissot, Bipin Savani, Sebastian Giebel, Christoph Schmid, Fabio Ciceri, Arnon Nagler, and Mohamad Mohty

Subjects
Transplantation, ddc:610, Hematology
Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Conditioning regimens based on ≥12 Gray total body irradiation (TBI) represent the current standard in patients ≤45 years, whereas elderly patients frequently receive intermediate intensity conditioning (IIC) to reduce toxicity. To evaluate the role of TBI as a backbone of IIC in ALL, a retrospective, registry-based study included patients >45 years transplanted from matched donors in first complete remission, who had received either fludarabine/TBI 8 Gy (FluTBI8, n = 262), or the most popular, irradiation-free alternative fludarabine/busulfan, comprising busulfan 6.4 mg/kg (FluBu6.4, n = 188) or 9.6 mg/kg (FluBu9.6, n = 51). At two years, overall survival (OS) was 68.5%, 57%, and 62.2%, leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 58%, 42.7%, and 45%, relapse incidence (RI) was 27.2%, 40%, and 30.9%, and non-relapse-mortality (NRM) was 23.1%, 20.7%, and 26.8% for patients receiving FluTBI8Gy, FluBu6.4, and FluBu9.6, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the risk of NRM, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease was not influenced by conditioning. However, RI was higher after FluBu6.4 (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]: 1.85 [1.16–2.95]), and LFS was lower after both FluBu6.4 (HR: 1.56 [1.09–2.23]) and FluBu9.6 (HR: 1.63 [1.02–2.58]) as compared to FluTBI8. Although only resulting in a non-significant advantage in OS, this observation indicates a stronger anti-leukemic efficacy of TBI-based intermediate intensity conditioning.

Published
2023

10. Data from FLASH Irradiation Spares Lung Progenitor Cells and Limits the Incidence of Radio-induced Senescence

Author

Vincent Favaudon, Arturo Londoño-Vallejo, Marie Dutreix, Pierre Verrelle, Marc Vooijs, Sylvain Baulande, Mylène Bohec, Hamza Umut Karakurt, Sophie Leboucher, Arnaud Beddok, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Sophie Heinrich, Eddy Quelennec, Lorena Giuranno, Sandra Curras-Alonso, and Charles Fouillade

Abstract

Purpose:One of the main limitations to anticancer radiotherapy lies in irreversible damage to healthy tissues located within the radiation field. “FLASH” irradiation at very high dose-rate is a new treatment modality that has been reported to specifically spare normal tissue from late radiation-induced toxicity in animal models and therefore could be a promising strategy to reduce treatment toxicity.Experimental Design:Lung responses to FLASH irradiation were investigated by qPCR, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-Seq), and histologic methods during the acute wound healing phase as well as at late stages using C57BL/6J wild-type and Terc−/− mice exposed to bilateral thorax irradiation as well as human lung cells grown in vitro.Results:In vitro studies gave evidence of a reduced level of DNA damage and induced lethality at the advantage of FLASH. In mouse lung, sc-RNA-seq and the monitoring of proliferating cells revealed that FLASH minimized the induction of proinflammatory genes and reduced the proliferation of progenitor cells after injury. At late stages, FLASH-irradiated lungs presented less persistent DNA damage and senescent cells than after CONV exposure, suggesting a higher potential for lung regeneration with FLASH. Consistent with this hypothesis, the beneficial effect of FLASH was lost in Terc−/− mice harboring critically short telomeres and lack of telomerase activity.Conclusions:The results suggest that, compared with conventional radiotherapy, FLASH minimizes DNA damage in normal cells, spares lung progenitor cells from excessive damage, and reduces the risk of replicative senescence.

Published
2023

11. Supplementary Data from FLASH Irradiation Spares Lung Progenitor Cells and Limits the Incidence of Radio-induced Senescence

Author

Vincent Favaudon, Arturo Londoño-Vallejo, Marie Dutreix, Pierre Verrelle, Marc Vooijs, Sylvain Baulande, Mylène Bohec, Hamza Umut Karakurt, Sophie Leboucher, Arnaud Beddok, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Sophie Heinrich, Eddy Quelennec, Lorena Giuranno, Sandra Curras-Alonso, and Charles Fouillade

Abstract

Supplementary data: text with embedded figures.

Published
2023

12. Reduced Venetoclax Exposition to Seven Days of Azacitidine Is Efficient in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author

Christophe Willekens, Samy Chraibi, Justine Decroocq, Benjamin Carpentier, Delphine Lebon, Sarah Bonnet, Nicolas Gauthier, Arnaud Pagès, Matteo Dragani, Sabine Khalife-Hachem, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Florence Pasquier, Stefan Wickenhauser, Véronique Saada, Véronique Vergé, Ahmadreza Arbab, Christophe Marzac, Laurent Pascal, Damien Roos-Weil, Eric Jourdan, Didier Bouscary, Stéphane de Botton, Cellules souches hématopoïétiques et développement des hémopathies myéloïdes (CSHMyelo), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Amiens-Picardie, HEMATIM - Hématopoïèse et immunologie - UR UPJV 4666 (HEMATIM), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM UMR 1287 Département d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Dynamique moléculaire de la transformation hématopoïétique (Dynamo), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy], Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

13. Eco‐epidemiology of equine piroplasmosis and its associated tick vectors in Europe: A systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis of prevalence

Author

Sarah Bonnet, Clémence Nadal, and Maud Marsot

Subjects
Babesia caballi, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Protective factor, Cattle Diseases, Disease, Biology, Tick, Ticks, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Babesiosis, Theileria, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Animals, Seroprevalence, Horses, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, ved/biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Theileriasis, Europe, Vaccination, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Cattle, Horse Diseases
Abstract

When studying a vector-borne disease, an eco-epidemiological approach is vital for a comprehensive understanding of how the pathogen circulates amongst populations. Equine piroplasmosis (EP), a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoans Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, is endemic in the Mediterranean basin of Europe and causes both animal health and economic issues for the equine sector. With no vaccine available, defining the episystem of the disease can help to identify which components of the host-pathogen-vector-environment system to target to improve preventive measures. In this systematic literature review, we collected relevant data on the eco-epidemiology of EP in Europe. The 62 studies remaining after the selection procedure explored potential vectors, indicators of parasite circulation and putative risk factors of EP. Eight hard tick species were identified as potential vectors of one or both piroplasm species. Meta-analyses were then conducted on prevalence and seroprevalence data in equids in European countries, demonstrating an estimated seroprevalence of 30% and 8% and prevalence of 25% and 2% for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. Finally, herd management practices and environmental risk factors analysed in studies showed no real consensus between studies, but revealed a general trend highlighting age and exposure to ticks as risk factors, and vaccination as a protective factor. Through this study, we point out that only a few studies have focused on disease management practices and even fewer have studied the effect of environmental parameters on equid infections. Further investigation in these areas is required to better characterise the eco-epidemiology of EP and risk factors associated with this disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

14. TUMOSPEC: A Nation-Wide Study of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Families with a Predicted Pathogenic Variant Identified through Multigene Panel Testing

Author

Celine Garrec, Monique Mozelle-Nivoix, Jérôme Lemonnier, Etienne Rouleau, Tan Dat Nguyen, Dominique Vaur, Elodie Lacaze, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Sophie Nambot, Jean Chiesa, Sophie Giraud, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Michel Longy, Alain Lortholary, Jean-Marc Rey, Olivier Caron, Christine Lasset, Claude Houdayer, Christine Maugard, Virginie Bubien, Véronique Mari, Marie-Emmanuelle Morin-Meschin, Nadine Andrieu, Nancy Uhrhammer, Louise Crivelli, Hélène Dreyfus, Vincent Goussot, Stephanie Chieze-Valéro, Nicolas Sevenet, Lisa Golmard, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Mathilde Martinez, Isabelle Coupier, Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Odile Béra, Paul Vilquin, Capucine Delnatte, Odile Cohen-Haguenauer, Cornel Popovici, Christine Toulas, Laurence Gladieff, Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame, Chrystelle Colas, Paul Gesta, Catherine Noguès, Fanny Brayotel, Audrey Mailliez, Fabienne Lesueur, Julie Tinat, Marie Bidart, Yves-Jean Bignon, Florence Coulet, Nadia Boutry-Kryza, Fabienne Prieur, Juana Beauvallet, Philippe Denizeau, Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Génétique (Biologie pathologie), Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jean Godinot [Reims], UNICANCER, Centre Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Centre Paul Strauss, CRLCC Paul Strauss, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], Actions for OnCogenesis understanding and Target Identification in ONcology (ACTION), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Centre Hospitalier Georges Renon [Niort] (CH Georges Renon Niort), Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute (GIMI), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), CHU de Saint-Étienne Hôpital Nord [Saint Etienne], Hôpital Nord (Saint Etienne), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Centre Catherine-de-Sienne [Nantes] (CCS), Hôpital privé du Confluent [Nantes], Institut Sainte Catherine [Avignon], hôpital couple-enfant [CHU Grenoble Alpes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier de Troyes, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est (GHE), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Hôpital Sud [CHU Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CRLCC René Gauducheau, Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre médical de Bligny, Onco-génétique, Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], COLO, Mouniati, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de médecine génomique et d’immunothérapie (Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute) (institut GIMI), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-FHU TRANSLAD (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Lille-UNICANCER, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-FHU TRANSLAD (CHU de Dijon), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Sequencing data, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Context (language use), [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, 030105 genetics & heredity, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Care plan, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, RC254-282, Genetic testing, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, multigene panels, Cancer risk, Ovarian cancer, business, cancer risk estimate, penetrance of pathogenic variants
Abstract

Simple Summary TUMOSPEC was designed for estimating the risk of cancer for carriers of a predicted pathogenic variant (PPV) in a gene usually tested in a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer context. Index cases are enrolled consecutively among patients who undergo genetic testing as part of their care plan in France. First- and second-degree relatives and cousins of PPV carriers are invited to participate whether they are affected by cancer or not, and are tested for the familial PPV. Genetic, clinical, family and epidemiological data are centralized at the coordinating centre. The three-year feasibility study included 4431 prospective index cases, with 19.1% of them carrying a PPV. This showed that the study logistics are well adapted to clinical and laboratory constraints, and collaboration between partners (clinicians, biologists, coordinating centre and participants) is smooth. Hence, TUMOSPEC is being pursued, with the aim of optimizing clinical management guidelines specific to each gene. Abstract Assessment of age-dependent cancer risk for carriers of a predicted pathogenic variant (PPV) is often hampered by biases in data collection, with a frequent under-representation of cancer-free PPV carriers. TUMOSPEC was designed to estimate the cumulative risk of cancer for carriers of a PPV in a gene that is usually tested in a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer context. Index cases are enrolled consecutively among patients who undergo genetic testing as part of their care plan in France. First- and second-degree relatives and cousins of PPV carriers are invited to participate whether they are affected by cancer or not, and genotyped for the familial PPV. Clinical, family and epidemiological data are collected, and all data including sequencing data are centralized at the coordinating centre. The three-year feasibility study included 4431 prospective index cases, with 19.1% of them carrying a PPV. When invited by the coordinating centre, 65.3% of the relatives of index cases (5.7 relatives per family, on average) accepted the invitation to participate. The study logistics were well adapted to clinical and laboratory constraints, and collaboration between partners (clinicians, biologists, coordinating centre and participants) was smooth. Hence, TUMOSPEC is being pursued, with the aim of optimizing clinical management guidelines specific to each gene.

Published
2021

15. Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus by Stomoxys calcitrans : Insights from a mechanistic model

Author

Florence Etore, Nick De Regge, Emilie Bouhsira, Sarah Bonnet, Timothée Vergne, Elsa Quillery, Laurence Vial, Ferran Jori, Claude Saegerman, Mathieu Andraud, Johanna Fite, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Laetitia Lempereur, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Marc Desquesnes, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
pig, Stable fly, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, L73 - Maladies des animaux, law.invention, 0403 veterinary science, Porcin, law, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Infectious dose, Muscidae, transmission, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, African Swine Fever Virus, Domestic pig, Transmission (mechanics), Vecteur de maladie, Maladie des animaux, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, 040301 veterinary sciences, Zoology, Context (language use), Stomoxys, stable fly, African swine fever virus, Stomoxys calcitrans, ASF, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, African Swine Fever, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, fungi, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Maladie transmise par vecteur, Insect Vectors, Modélisation, Vector (epidemiology), control, vector
Abstract

This assessment was conducted by the ad hoc working group ‘ASF vectors’ of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses).; International audience; African swine fever (ASF) represents a global threat with huge economic consequences for the swine industry. Even though direct contact is likely to be the main transmission route from infected to susceptible hosts, recent epidemiological investigations have raised questions regarding the role of haematophagous arthropods, in particular the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). In this study, we developed a mechanistic vector-borne transmission model for ASF virus (ASFV) within an outdoor domestic pig farm in order to assess the relative contribution of stable flies to the spread of the virus. The model was fitted to the ecology of the vector, its blood-feeding behaviour and pig-to-pig transmission dynamic. Model outputs suggested that in a context of low abundance (

Published
2021

16. An expert opinion assessment of blood‐feeding arthropods based on their capacity to transmit African swine fever virus in Metropolitan France

Author

Laurence Vial, Emilie Bouhsira, Johanna Fite, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Claude Saegerman, Timothée Vergne, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Florence Etore, Laetitia Lempereur, Elsa Quillery, Sarah Bonnet, Nick De Regge, Ferran Jori, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
pig, Stable fly, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, Disease Vectors, arthropods, vectorial capacity, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 0403 veterinary science, Aedes, fleas, Tabanidae, Swine Diseases, 0303 health sciences, Enquête, biology, Haematopinus suis, Muscidae, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, lice, African Swine Fever Virus, Culex, Vecteur de maladie, African swine fever (ASF), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, blood-feeding vector, Stomoxysflies, France, culicoides, wild boar, Arthropoda, 040301 veterinary sciences, Stomoxys, Mosquito Vectors, virus, literature [EN], African swine fever virus, Stomoxys calcitrans, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, biology.animal, Anopheles, Phthiraptera, soft ticks, Animals, African Swine Fever, Ornithodoros, 030304 developmental biology, mosquitoes, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, vectorial competence, Expert elicitation, hard ticks, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Blood feeding, Insect Vectors, Metropolitan France, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, sand flies, Demography
Abstract

This assessment was conducted by the ad hoc working group ‘ASF vectors' of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses).; International audience; To deal with the limited literature data on the vectorial capacity of blood-feeding arthropods (BFAs) and their role in the transmission of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Metropolitan France, a dedicated working group of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety performed an expert knowledge elicitation. In total, 15 different BFAs were selected as potential vectors by the ad hoc working group involved. Ten criteria were considered to define the vectorial capacity: vectorial competence, current abundance, expected temporal abundance, spatial distribution, longevity, biting rate, active dispersal capacity, trophic preferences forSuidae, probability of contact with domestic pigs and probability of contact with wild boar. Fourteen experts participated to the elicitation. For each BFA, experts proposed a score (between 0 and 3) for each of the above criteria with an index of uncertainty (between 1 and 4). Overall, all experts gave a weight for all criteria (by distributing 100 marbles). A global weighted sum of score per BFA was calculated permitting to rank the different BFAs in decreasing order. Finally, a regression tree analysis was used to group those BFAs with comparable likelihood to play a role in ASF transmission. Out of the ten considered criteria, the experts indicated vectorial competence, abundance and biting rate as the most important criteria. In the context of Metropolitan France, the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) was ranked as the most probable BFA to be a vector of ASFV, followed by lice (Haematopinus suis), mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex and Anopheles),Culicoides and Tabanidea. Since scientific knowledge on their vectorial competence for ASF is scarce and associated uncertainty on expert elicitation moderate to high, more studies are however requested to investigate the potential vector role of these BFAs could have in ASFV spread, starting with Stomoxys calcitrans.

Published
2021

17. Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick‐borne pathogens

Author

Thomas Pollet, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, commensals, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Tick, Environmental stress, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tick borne, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Microbiome, Symbiosis, symbionts, biology, Animal health, Bacteria, Transmission (medicine), Microbiota, Fungi, pathogens, interactions, biology.organism_classification, Commensalism, bacterial infections and mycoses, tick microbiomes, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Tick-Borne Diseases, Parasitology, tick-borne pathogens
Abstract

International audience; The recent development of high-throughput NGS technologies, (ie, next-generation sequencing) has highlighted the complexity of tick microbial communities—which include pathogens, symbionts, and commensals—and also their dynamic variability. Symbionts and commensals can confer crucial and diverse benefits to their hosts, playing nutritional roles or affecting fitness, development, nutrition, reproduction, defence against environmental stress and immunity. Nonpathogenic tick bacteria may also play a role in modifying tick-borne pathogen colonization and transmission, as relationships between microorganisms existing together in one environment can be competitive, exclusive, facilitating or absent, with many potential implications for both human and animal health. Consequently, ticks represent a compelling yet challenging system in which to investigate the composition and both the functional and ecological implications of tick bacterial communities, and thus merits greater attention. Ultimately, deciphering the relationships between microorganisms carried by ticks as well as symbiont‑tick interactions will garner invaluable information, which may aid in some future arthropod‑pest and vector-borne pathogen transmission control strategies. This review outlines recent research on tick microbiome composition and dynamics, highlights elements favouring the reciprocal influence of the tick microbiome and tick-borne agents and finally discusses how ticks and tick-borne diseases might potentially be controlled through tick microbiome manipulation in the future.

Published
2021

18. Rapport bibliographique sur l’écologie, l’épidémiologie, la surveillance, la prévention et la lutte contre la tique Ixodes ricinus en France métropolitaine

Author

Grégoire Perez, Henri-Jean Boulouis, Sarah Bonnet, Nathalie Boulanger, Barbara Livoreil, Karen Mccoy, Elsa Quillery, Laure Bournez, Magalie René-Martellet, Johanna Fite, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Consultante, Chercheur indépendant, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Rapport bibliographique issue de la convention de recherche n°2019-CRD-04 entre l'Anses et l'UMR BIPAR, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRAE, and Anses

Subjects
[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Lyme Disease, Surveillance, Ecologie, MESH: Lyme Disease, Ixodes ricinus, France, Tiques, Epidémiologie, Maladie de Lyme
Abstract

Cette convention de recherche et développement s'inscrit dans l'amélioration de l'état de connaissances scientifiques de l'axe stratégique 1, action 2 du Plan national de lutte de la maladie Lyme (2016); Contexte du projetLe projet s’inscrit dans le cadre du Plan national de lutte contre la maladie de Lyme et les autres maladies transmissibles par les tiques. En effet, l’axe stratégique 1 « Améliorer la surveillance vectorielle et les mesures de lutte contre les tiques dans une démarche One Health – une seule santé » du plan, dans son action 2 « Améliorer nos connaissances sur l’écologie de la tique et identifier les mesures de lutte les plus efficaces », prévoit la réalisation d’un projet de recherche afin « d’étudier l’écologie du vecteur [i.e la tique Ixodes ricinus qui transmet la maladie de Lyme] d’une part et d’identifier les moyens de lutte et leur efficacité d’autre part. Une collaboration pourrait notamment être envisagée avec les organisations professionnelles du secteur forestier et les chasseurs, notamment l’ONF et l’ONCFS.Cette action vise à évaluer les connaissances disponibles en matière de lutte contre les tiques, que ce soit par le biais d’actions sur l’environnement (ex. recommandations pour l’entretien des bois et forêt mais aussi les chemins et sentiers, installation de barrières éloignées des haies et des buissons pour limiter la contamination du bétail…), ou encore par la mise en œuvre d’actions innovantes (ex. vaccination anti-tiques des animaux) ».Objectifs- faire l’état de l’art relatif à l’écologie des tiques présentes en France métropolitaine et responsables de maladies infectieuses humaines, notamment des genres Ixodes et Hyalomma. Les agents pathogènes qu’elles peuvent héberger et les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques (paysages, hôtes, climat…) qui influent sur les populations de tiques et le risque d’exposition des populations humaines et animales aux piqûres de tiques (et à la maladie de Lyme notamment) seront également considérés ;- identifier et de documenter les moyens de lutte appliqués et/ou développés en France et à l’international contre les piqûres des tiques ciblées (à commencer par Ixodes ricinus) et leur efficacité, que ce soit ceux faisant appel à des solutions permettant d’agir sur les facteurs environnementaux, à des biocides (produits répulsifs, acaricides), ou à des approches médicales (vaccination) ;- dresser un état des lieux de la surveillance des tiques en France métropolitaine, afin de proposer des recommandations en vue de l’élaboration d’un dispositif national de surveillance des tiques.

Published
2020

19. Failed Disruption of Tick Feeding, Viability, and Molting after Immunization of Mice and Sheep with Recombinant Ixodes ricinus Salivary Proteins IrSPI and IrLip1

Author

Martine Cote, Ladislav Šimo, Sarah Bonnet, Sandy Peltier, Jennifer Maye, Consuelo Almazán, Nicolas Versillé, Jennifer Richardson, Sabine Rakotobe, Lisa Fourniol, Jeremie Bornères, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Air Liquide Healthcare, Air Liquide [Siège Social], Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ERGANEO (ex SATTIdF Innov), Animal Health Department of INRAE, Ceva Santé Animale, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Ixodes ricinus, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, lcsh:Medicine, salivary proteins, Tick, Microbiology, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Drug Discovery, parasitic diseases, Pharmacology (medical), Pathogen, Pharmacology, biology, lcsh:R, Ricinus, fungi, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Vaccination, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunization, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, anti-tick vaccination
Abstract

To identify potential vaccine candidates against Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne pathogen transmission, we have previously sequenced the salivary gland transcriptomes of female ticks infected or not with Bartonella henselae. The hypothesized potential of both IrSPI (I. ricinus serine protease inhibitor) and IrLip1 (I. ricinus lipocalin 1) as protective antigens decreasing tick feeding and/or the transmission of tick-borne pathogens was based on their presumed involvement in dampening the host immune response to tick feeding. Vaccine endpoints included tick larval and nymphal mortality, feeding, and molting in mice and sheep. Whether the antigens were administered individually or in combination, the vaccination of mice or sheep elicited a potent antigen-specific antibody response. However, and contrary to our expectations, vaccination failed to afford protection against the infestation of mice and sheep by I. ricinus nymphs and larvae, respectively. Rather, vaccination with IrSPI and IrLip1 appeared to enhance tick engorgement and molting and decrease tick mortality. To the best of our knowledge, these observations represent the first report of induction of vaccine-mediated enhancement in relation to anti-tick vaccination.

Published
2020
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20. Putative Role of Arthropod Vectors in African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in Relation to Their Bio-Ecological Properties

Author

Elsa Quillery, Emilie Bouhsira, Johanna Fite, Timothée Vergne, Nick De Regge, Claude Saegerman, Sarah Bonnet, Florence Etore, Laetitia Lempereur, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Laurence Vial, Ferran Jori, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, Biosecurity, Sus scrofa, lcsh:QR1-502, Phlebotominae, Disease, Review, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Ceratopogonidae, lcsh:Microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, fleas, Tabanidae, biology, Ecology, Muscidae, Arthropod Vectors, transmission, Culicoides, lice, 3. Good health, Vecteur de maladie, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Siphonaptera, Argasidae, France, Indirect Transmission, Farms, Arthropoda, Ixodidae, 030231 tropical medicine, African swine fever virus, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, Virology, biology.animal, Phthiraptera, Animals, African Swine Fever, Arthropods, Transmission des maladies, Ecosystem, mosquitoes, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biting flies, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, Metropolitan France, Culicidae, 030104 developmental biology, Écologie animale, sand flies, Arthropod Vector
Abstract

This review was conducted by the ad hoc working expert group “ASF vectors” of the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses). Opinion 2019-SA-0028.; International audience; African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important diseases in Suidae due to its significant health and socioeconomic consequences and represents a major threat to the European pig industry, especially in the absence of any available treatment or vaccine. In fact, with its high mortality rate and the subsequent trade restrictions imposed on affected countries, ASF can dramatically disrupt the pig industry in afflicted countries. In September 2018, ASF was unexpectedly identified in wild boars from southern Belgium in the province of Luxembourg, not far from the Franco-Belgian border. The French authorities rapidly commissioned an expert opinion on the risk of ASF introduction and dissemination into metropolitan France. In Europe, the main transmission routes of the virus comprise direct contact between infected and susceptible animals and indirect transmission through contaminated material or feed. However, the seasonality of the disease in some pig farms in Baltic countries, including outbreaks in farms with high biosecurity levels, have led to questions on the possible involvement of arthropods in the transmission of the virus. This review explores the current body of knowledge on the most common arthropod families present in metropolitan France. We examine their potential role in spreading ASF—by active biological or mechanical transmission or by passive transport or ingestion—in relation to their bio-ecological properties. It also highlights the existence of significant gaps in our knowledge on vector ecology in domestic and wild boar environments and in vector competence for ASFV transmission. Filling these gaps is essential to further understanding ASF transmission in order to thus implement appropriate management measures.

Published
2020

21. Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus byStomoxys calcitrans: insights from a mechanistic model

Author

Nick De Regge, Ferran Jori, Florence Etore, Emilie Bouhsira, Sarah Bonnet, Laurence Vial, Marie-Frédérique Lepotier, Marc Desquesnes, Mutien-Marie Garigliani, Elsa Quillery, Johanna Fite, Mathieu Andraud, Laetitia Lempereur, Claude Saegerman, and Timothée Vergne

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Stable fly, 040301 veterinary sciences, fungi, Zoology, Stomoxys, Context (language use), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, African swine fever virus, Virus, law.invention, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Domestic pig, Transmission (mechanics), law, Vector (epidemiology), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) represents a global threat with huge economic consequences for the swine industry. Even though direct contact is likely to be the main transmission route from infected to susceptible hosts, recent epidemiological investigations have raised questions regarding the role of hematophagous arthropods, in particular the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). In this study, we developed a mechanistic vector-borne transmission model for ASF virus (ASFV) within an outdoor domestic pig farm in order to assess the relative contribution of stable flies to the spread of the virus. The model was fitted to the ecology of the vector, its blood-feeding behaviour and pig-to-pig transmission dynamic. Model outputs suggested that in a context of low abundance (

Published
2020

22. FLASH Irradiation Spares Lung Progenitor Cells and Limits the Incidence of Radio-induced Senescence

Author

Hamza Umut Karakurt, Charles Fouillade, Mylène Bohec, Sandra Curras-Alonso, Arturo Londoño-Vallejo, Eddy Quelennec, Lorena Giuranno, Sophie Heinrich, Vincent Favaudon, Marie Dutreix, Marc Vooijs, Arnaud Beddok, Sophie Leboucher, Pierre Verrelle, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Sylvain Baulande, Dynamique de l'information génétique : bases fondamentales et cancer (DIG CANCER), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU), RS: GROW - R2 - Basic and Translational Cancer Biology, Promovendi ODB, Radiotherapie, and MUMC+: MA Radiotherapie OC (9)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Cancer Research, Telomerase, PROMOTES, DNA damage, TELOMERE, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, RNA-Seq, Progenitor cell, Lung, Cellular Senescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, Stem Cells, Regeneration (biology), Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 53BP1, Telomere, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MICE, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Toxicity, Cancer research, RNA, RADIATION, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, STEM-CELLS
Abstract

Purpose: One of the main limitations to anticancer radiotherapy lies in irreversible damage to healthy tissues located within the radiation field. “FLASH” irradiation at very high dose-rate is a new treatment modality that has been reported to specifically spare normal tissue from late radiation-induced toxicity in animal models and therefore could be a promising strategy to reduce treatment toxicity. Experimental Design: Lung responses to FLASH irradiation were investigated by qPCR, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-Seq), and histologic methods during the acute wound healing phase as well as at late stages using C57BL/6J wild-type and Terc−/− mice exposed to bilateral thorax irradiation as well as human lung cells grown in vitro. Results: In vitro studies gave evidence of a reduced level of DNA damage and induced lethality at the advantage of FLASH. In mouse lung, sc-RNA-seq and the monitoring of proliferating cells revealed that FLASH minimized the induction of proinflammatory genes and reduced the proliferation of progenitor cells after injury. At late stages, FLASH-irradiated lungs presented less persistent DNA damage and senescent cells than after CONV exposure, suggesting a higher potential for lung regeneration with FLASH. Consistent with this hypothesis, the beneficial effect of FLASH was lost in Terc−/− mice harboring critically short telomeres and lack of telomerase activity. Conclusions: The results suggest that, compared with conventional radiotherapy, FLASH minimizes DNA damage in normal cells, spares lung progenitor cells from excessive damage, and reduces the risk of replicative senescence.

Published
2020

23. Tiques, maladie de Lyme et autres maladies à tiques

Author

Muriel Vayssier Taussat, Gwenaël Vourc'H, Pascale Frey-Klett, Olivier Plantard, Magalie René-Martellet, Karine Chalvet-Monfray, Sarah Bonnet, and Martel, Anne-Sophie

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

DOSSIER PRESSE - On trouve des tiques absolument partout dans le monde. 869 espèces différentes sont à ce jour recensées. Les scientifiques d’INRAE les étudient pour leur rôle dans la transmission de maladies, en particulier la maladie de Lyme. Au niveau mondial, les tiques sont le deuxième vecteur de maladies pour l’Homme et le premier chez l’animal. Tour d'horizon des derniers résultats de recherche d'INRAE.

Published
2020

24. Multiple Antigenic Peptide-Based Vaccines Targeting Ixodes ricinus Neuropeptides Induce a Specific Antibody Response but Do Not Impact Tick Infestation

Author

Nicolas Versillé, Martine Cote, Ladislav Šimo, Consuelo Almazán, Lisa Fourniol, Sabine Rakotobe, Sarah Bonnet, Jennifer Richardson, Jennifer Maye, Sandy Peltier, Jeremie Bornères, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Air Liquide Healthcare, Air Liquide [Siège Social], Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ERGANEO (ex SATTIdF Innov), CEVA SantéAnimale, Animal Health Department of INRAE, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Ixodes ricinus, Tick infestation, SIFamide, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Tick, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Immunity, parasitic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Anaplasma, Nymph, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, lcsh:R, vaccines, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, MIP, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, multiple antigenic peptides
Abstract

International audience; Synthetic peptide vaccines were designed to target the neuropeptides innervating Ixodes ricinus salivary glands and hindgut and they were tested for their capacity to afford protective immunity against nymphs or larvae and Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected nymph infestation, in mice and sheep, respectively. In both models, the assembly of SIFamide (SIFa) or myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) neuropeptides into multiple antigenic peptide constructs (MAPs) elicited a robust IgG antibody response following immunization. Nevertheless, no observable detrimental impact on nymphs was evidenced in mice, and, unfortunately, the number of engorged nymphs on sheep was insufficient for firm conclusions to be drawn, including for bacterial transmission. Regarding larvae, while vaccination of the sheep did not globally diminish tick feeding success or development, analyses of animals at the individual level revealed a negative correlation between anti-SIFa and MIP antibody levels and larva-to-nymph molting success for both antigens. Our results provide a proof of principle and precedent for the use of MAPs for the induction of immunity against tick peptide molecules. Although the present study did not provide the expected level of protection, it inaugurates a new strategy for protection against ticks based on the immunological targeting of key components of their nervous system.

Published
2020

25. Abstract P6-08-12: Feasibility of a nation-wide family-based study to assess cancer risks in families with a predicted pathogenic variant identified through hereditary breast and ovary multi-gene panel testing: The TUMOSPEC study

Author

Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Christine Lasset, Claude Houdayer, Florence Coulet, Nadine Andrieu, Chrystelle Colas, Olivier Caron, Fabienne Lesueur, Catherine Noguès, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Jérôme Lemonnier, Juana Beauvallet, Dominique Vaur, Michel Longy, Capucine Delnatte, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre René Gauducheau, CRLCC René Gauducheau, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNICANCER, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Immuno-hématologie clinique [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), TUMOSPEC Investigators Group, UNICANCER Groupe Génétique et Cancer, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), and Dupuis, Christine

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, PALB2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cancer, Context (language use), medicine.disease, Penetrance, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Breast cancer, Oncology, Family medicine, medicine, Sample collection, Family history, business, CHEK2
Abstract

Background. Assessment of the age-dependent cancer risk conferred by germline predicted pathogenic variants (PPV) in cancer susceptibility genes is often hampered by the way the data are collected. Cohort-based data frequently contain an overrepresentation of patients carrying a gene variant of interest and an underrepresentation of cancer-free gene variant carriers. In order to overcome this problem, penetrance estimates can be grounded on family-based study designs, through the evaluation of index patients (IP) and their family relatives. The purpose of the TUMOSPEC study is to estimate the penetrance of PPV in genes whose literature data are currently inaccurate or limited and to determine their associated tumour spectrum. This will lead to an appropriate assessment of the clinical utility of testing these genes. Methods. IP are enrolled consecutively among patients who are being offered a germline genetic test in a hereditary breast and ovary cancer (HBOC) context in a participating cancer genetics clinics. A panel of 24 genes (ATM, BAP1, BARD1, BRIP1, CHEK2, FANCM, FAM175A, MRE11A, NBN, STK11, RINT1, XRCC2, PALB2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, CDH1, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, TP53) is tested in parallel of BRCA1 and BRCA2. If a PPV is identified, the IP is asked to give her/his first- and second-degree relatives and cousins address, regardless of their health status. Each relative is then contacted by the study coordinating centre (CC) to be invited. Each participant completes an epidemiological questionnaire addressing personal medical history and exposure to various risk factors, and provides a saliva sample to determine if he/she carries the familial PPV. The CC collects questionnaires, family history, clinical and genetic data. Results. Enrolment for the feasibility study takes place between Sep. 2017 and Dec. 2019 at each of the 46 participating french clinics. In June 2019, the study included 3,298 IP. So far, the CC received 1,241 TUMOSPEC panel results (37.6%) with a mean delay of 5 months [0.7 -17.5]. Among them, 169 carried a PPV in at least one of the genes (totalizing 183 PPV). Additionally, 44 IP with PPV identified beforehand were enrolled (table 1). Relatives’ invitation of these 213 IP began in June 2018. Among the relatives of the first 29 index cases contacted so far, 4.6 relatives per family consented to participate. Conclusions. The feasibility study showed that inclusion process is well adapted and that the communication between the various partners (clinicians, biologists, investigators and study participants) is quite smooth. Rates of inclusion for invited relatives (50%), for IP questionnaire completion (45%) and relatives biological sample collection (50%) are also very satisfactory and yet underestimated due to the recent start of relatives inclusions. Overall, this study shows that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study to gather sufficient number of positive families for each gene included in the panel in a reasonable interval of time. This on-going national effort will allow to appropriately assess cancer risks cancer in families with a PPV in a gene often included in HBOC multi-gene panels. This is an essential step to optimize clinical management guidelines specific to each gene, and will represent a valuable resource for future research on the genetics of breast and ovary cancers. Number of PPV identified in IPGeneATMCHEK2PALB2RAD51CBRIP1RAD51DMSH6RAD50PMS2MRE11ANBNMSH2MLH1CDH1BARD1TP53STK11XRCC2RINT1BAP1RAD51BFAM175AFANCMPTENNumber of PPV512019161111111010999865544322110 Citation Format: Olivier Caron, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Juana Beauvallet, Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Chrystelle Colas, Florence Coulet, Capucine Delnatte, Claude Houdayer, Christine Lasset, Jérôme Lemonnier, Michel Longy, Catherine Nogues, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique Vaur, Fabienne Lesueur, Nadine Andrieu, TUMOSPEC Investigators Group, UNICANCER Groupe Génétique et Cancer. Feasibility of a nation-wide family-based study to assess cancer risks in families with a predicted pathogenic variant identified through hereditary breast and ovary multi-gene panel testing: The TUMOSPEC study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-12.

Published
2019

26. The Immunomodulatory Effect of IrSPI, a Tick Salivary Gland Serine Protease Inhibitor Involved in Ixodes ricinus Tick Feeding

Author

Eric Prina, Jennifer Richardson, Ladislav Šimo, Anthony Relmy, Sandra Blaise-Boisseau, Fabienne Fasani, Maud Marsot, Sébastien Brûlé, Bernard Le Bonniec, Catherine Grillon, Sarah Bonnet, Adrien A. Blisnick, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biophysique Moléculaire (Plate-forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovations thérapeutiques en hémostase (IThEM - U1140), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation / Molecular Parasitology and Signaling, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This work was supported by INRA and by a Ph.D. grant for AAB from both ANSES and the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food (DGER)., Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, and GRILLON, Catherine

Subjects
lymphocytes, Ixodes ricinus, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, serine protease inhibitor, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Tick, anti-tick vaccine, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Tissue factor, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], parasitic diseases, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], medicine, tick-host-pathogen interactions, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], 030304 developmental biology, Serine protease, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ricinus, lcsh:R, immunomodulator, [SDV.MHEP.DERM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, macrophages, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, Cytokine secretion, tick–host–pathogen interactions, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, ixodes ricinus
Abstract

Ticks are the most important vectors of pathogens affecting both domestic and wild animals worldwide. Hard tick feeding is a slow process&mdash, taking up to several days&mdash, and necessitates extended control over the host response. The success of the feeding process depends upon injection of tick saliva, which not only controls host hemostasis and wound healing, but also subverts the host immune response to avoid tick rejection that creates a favorable niche for the survival and propagation of diverse tick-borne pathogens. Here, we report on the molecular and biochemical features and functions of an Ixodes ricinus serine protease inhibitor (IrSPI). We characterize IrSPI as a Kunitz elastase inhibitor that is overexpressed in several tick organs&mdash, especially salivary glands&mdash, during blood-feeding. We also demonstrated that when IrSPI is injected into the host through saliva, it had no impact on tissue factor pathway-induced coagulation, fibrinolysis, endothelial cell angiogenesis or apoptosis, but the protein exhibits immunomodulatory activity. In particular, IrSPI represses proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokine secretion from both splenocytes and macrophages. Our study contributes valuable knowledge to tick-host interactions and provides insights that could be further exploited to design anti-tick vaccines targeting this immunomodulator implicated in I. ricinus feeding.

Published
2019

27. Identification of candidate molecular determinants of the vector competence of Ixodes ricinus for members of the tick-borne encephalitis complex

Author

Yves Unterfinger, Damien Vitour, Sandrine A. Lacour, Sarah Bonnet, Sara Moutailler, Houssam Attoui, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Manon Lemasson, Jennifer Richardson, and Grégory Caignard

Subjects
Ixodes ricinus, Vector (epidemiology), Tick-borne encephalitis, medicine, General Materials Science, Identification (biology), Biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Competence (human resources), Virology
Published
2019

28. Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus byStomoxys calcitrans: insights from a mechanistic model

Author

Timothée, Vergne, primary, Mathieu, Andraud, additional, Sarah, Bonnet, additional, Nick, De Regge, additional, Marc, Desquesnes, additional, Johanna, Fite, additional, Florence, Etore, additional, Mutien-Marie, Garigliany, additional, Ferran, Jori, additional, Laetitia, Lempereur, additional, Marie-Frédérique, Le Potier, additional, Elsa, Quillery, additional, Claude, Saegerman, additional, Laurence, Vial, additional, and Emilie, Bouhsira, additional

Published
2020
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29. Discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy in adult neutropenic haematology patients: A prospective cohort

Author

Loïc Renaud, Jean-Baptiste Bossard, Zoé Van de Wyngaert, Sarah Barbieux, Alexandre Willaume, Guillaume Escure, Claire Bories, Bruno Quesnel, Serge Alfandari, Marie Titecat, Morgane Nudel, Céline Berthon, Sarah Bonnet, Benjamin Carpentier, Houria Debarri, Paul Chauvet, Ines Arib, Nicolas Branche, Arthur Simonnet, Kevin James Wattebled, Charline Legrand, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), and Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, Cefepime, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Fever of Unknown Origin, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Fever of unknown origin, Prospective cohort study, Aged, First episode, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Discontinuation, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Withholding Treatment, Female, business, Febrile neutropenia, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives Antibiotics for febrile neutropenia (FN) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy are usually maintained until neutropenia resolution, because of the risk of uncontrolled sepsis in this vulnerable population. This leads to unnecessarily prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Methods Based on ECIL-4 recommendations, we modified our management strategy and discontinued antibiotics after a pre-established duration in patients treated for a first episode of FN between August 2014 and October 2017. Results Antibiotics were stopped during 62 FN episodes, and maintained in the control group (n = 13). Median age of patients was 54 years. A total of 39 (63%) patients received induction and 23 (37%) consolidation chemotherapy; 36 (58%) patients had fever of unknown origin. Median neutropenia length was 26 days (IQR 24–30). Antibiotics were started at day 9 (IQR 5–13). Most patients received piperacillin-tazobactam (56%) or cefepime (32%). Antimicrobial therapy was longer in the control group than in the policy compliant group, 10 (IQR 7–16) vs. 19 days (IQR 15–23), P = 0.0001. After antibiotics discontinuation, 20% patients experienced fever recurrence, within 5.5 days (IQR 3–7.5). None of these febrile episodes were severe and 80% patients remained afebrile, with neutrophil recovery occurring within 5 days (IQR 2–8.5). Overall, 287 antibiotics days were spared; this represents 49% of all days with antibiotics. No patient had died at day 30 from intervention; six died during late follow-up, two from graft-versus-host disease and four from relapsed or refractory leukaemia. Conclusions Discontinuing antibiotics in neutropenic AML patients treated for a first episode of FN is safe, and results in significant antibiotic sparing.

Published
2019

30. Handling the Microbial Complexity Associated to Ticks

Author

Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Sara Moutailler, Thomas Pollet, Eleonore Allain, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Sydney, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Moutailler, Sara

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, Biology, high-throughput technologies, network analysis, ticks, microbiota, tick-borne pathogens, 03 medical and health sciences, Data_FILES, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. In the last years, high-throughput detection and sequencing technologies (HTT) have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of microorganisms, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Despite several studies have contributed to the availability of a catalog of microorganisms associated to different tick species, major limitations and challenges remain ahead HTT studies to acquire further insights on the microbial complexity associated to ticks. Currently, using next generation sequencing (NGS), bacteria genera (or higher taxonomic levels) can be recorded; however, species identification remains problematic which in turn affects pathogen detection using NGS. Microfluidic PCR, a high-throughput detection technology, can detect up to 96 different pathogen species, and its combination with NGS might render interesting insights into pathogen-microbiota co-occurrence patterns. Microfluidic PCR, however, is also limited because detection of pathogen strains has not been implemented, and therefore, putative associations among bacterial genotypes are currently unknown. Combining NGS and microfluidic PCR data may prove challenging. Here, we review the impact of some HTT applied to tick microbiology research and propose network analysis as an integrative data analysis benchmark to unravel the structure and significance of microbial communities associated to ticks in different ecosystems.

Published
2019

31. Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de la compétence vectorielle d’I. ricinus pour 2 flavivirus

Author

Manon Lemasson, Grégory Caignard, Yves Unterfinger, Houssam Attoui, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Sara Moutailler, Sarah Bonnet, Damien Vitour, Jennifer Richardson, Sandrine Lacour, Richardson, Jennifer, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, ProdInra, Migration, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.BBM.MN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de la compétence vectorielle d’I. ricinus pour 2 flavivirus. Journées du Réseau "Tiques et Maladies à Tiques"

Published
2019

32. Characterization of IrSPI, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and in bacterial infection of salivary glands

Author

Adrien Blisnick, Jennifer Richardson, Grégory Caignard, Ladislav Simo, Le Bonniec Bernard, Sandrine Lacour, Evelyne Le Naour, Martine Cote, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), ProdInra, Migration, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

33. Editorial: Tick-Host-Pathogen Interactions

Author

Sarah Bonnet, José de la Fuente, and Ard M. Nijhof

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), tick-borne diseases, Immunology, lcsh:QR1-502, Biology, Tick, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Infection Microbiology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pathogen, Vaccines, Tick-borne disease, Host (biology), Transmission (medicine), transmission, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, Editorial, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, host, Vector (epidemiology), Host-Pathogen Interactions, tick-borne pathogens, Transcriptome, vector, pathogen
Abstract

Ticks are important vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health around the world. They act as vectors of several pathogens causing diseases of major concern including Lyme borreliosis, anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans, and babesiosis, theileriosis, and anaplasmosis in livestock. Therefore, a One Health approach is important for the effective prevention and control of tick-borne diseases (TBDs)., Editorial on the Research Topic.

Published
2018

34. Tick saliva and Its role in pathogen transmission

Author

Jennifer Richardson, Ladislav Šimo, Sarah Bonnet, Mária Kazimírová, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Saliva, biology, Host (biology), Transmission (medicine), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Context (language use), Tick, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, parasitic diseases, Helminths, Protozoa, Pathogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Ticks are major vectors of pathogens affecting both humans and animals worldwide and surpass all other arthropods in the variety of microorganisms—including viruses, bacteria, and parasites (protozoa and helminths)—they are able to transmit. They are strict hematophagous arthropods and pool feeders, ingesting all the fluids that are exuded into the wound generated by the bite. For most tick-borne pathogens (TBP), transmission occurs via the saliva injected alternately with blood uptake during the tick bite. This saliva is secreted by the tick salivary glands, which are implicated in several other functions that are essential to tick biology and development. Saliva is an essential bio-fluid for ticks, which dampens host defenses and facilitates the flow of blood to assure adequate feeding. It exhibits cytolytic, vasodilator, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities that, in addition, to underpinning blood feeding, provide a favorable context for transmission, survival, and propagation of TBP.

Published
2018

35. A versatile model of hard tick infestation on laboratory rabbits

Author

Consuelo Almazán, Sarah Bonnet, Yoonseong Park, Ladislav Šimo, Mirko Slovák, Martine Cote, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Department of Entomology, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Multiple stages, Tick infestation, animal recovery, Ixodidae, Computer science, General Chemical Engineering, capsule, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rabbit, Successful completion, Tick, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Laboratory, medicine, Animals, Short duration, Life Cycle Stages, Sheep, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, issue 140, Extramural, business.industry, General Neuroscience, jacket, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Tick Infestations, 030104 developmental biology, Embedded system, Models, Animal, Rabbits, business, glue, feeding, Hard ticks
Abstract

International audience; The use of live animals in tick research is crucial for a variety of experimental purposes including the maintenance of hard tick colonies in the laboratory. In ticks, all developmental stages (except egg) are hematophagous, and acquiring a blood-meal when attached to their vertebrate hosts is essential for the successful completion of their life cycle. Here we demonstrate a simple method that uses easily openable capsules for feeding of hard ticks on rabbits. The advantages of the proposed method include its simplicity, short duration and most importantly versatile adjustment to the needs of specific experimental requirements. The method makes possible the use of multiple chambers (of various sizes) on the same animal, which permits feeding of multiple stages or different experimental groups while reducing the overall animal requirement. The non-irritating and easily accessible materials used minimizes discomfort to the animals, which can be easily recovered from an experiment and offered for adoption or reused if the ethical protocol allows it.

Published
2018

36. La vaccination anti-tiques comme outil de prévention contre les multiples agents qu’elles transmettent

Author

Jennifer Richardson, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
agents pathogènes vectorisés, Ticks, tick-borne pathogens, anti-tick vaccines, General Veterinary, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, tiques, vaccination, ticks, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Tiques, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Political science, parasitic diseases, Humanities
Abstract

Broad-spectrum vaccine against tick-borne pathogens. Ticks, and in particular Ixodes ricinus, transmit diverse pathogens of major concern to human and animal health and represent the most important vectors in Europe. Current strategies of control and prevention are essentially based on the deployment of chemical acaricides, which cause harm to off-target species and contaminate the environment and foodstuffs, and generate selection of resistant strains of ticks. Vaccines are available for only a handful of tick-borne pathogens and are thus largely inadequate in view of the vast diversity of pathogenic agents that may be transmitted by ticks, and the risk that new tick-borne pathogens will emerge. Thus, new strategies compatible with values of sustainable development and capable of addressing pathogen diversity and even anticipating pathogen emergence must be sought. The development of vaccines that target the tick itself is thus an appealing means of seeking broad-spectrum protection against tick-borne diseases., En Europe, les tiques représentent les premiers vecteurs de maladies animales et humaines. À l’heure actuelle, la stratégie de lutte contre les tiques est essentiellement fondée sur l’utilisation d’acaricides qui sont polluants pour l’environnement et les produits issus de l’élevage, atteignent la faune non ciblée, et dont l’utilisation génère des résistances. Très peu de vaccins existent contre les agents pathogènes transmis par les tiques. De plus, ils ne représentent pas une solution réaliste pour protéger hommes et animaux compte tenu de la très grande diversité des agents transmis par ces vecteurs et de la possibilité d’émergence de nouveaux micro-organismes pathogènes. Il est donc urgent de développer de nouvelles stratégies de lutte contre les tiques. Dans cette optique, la vaccination visant le vecteur, et non pas chaque micro-organisme individuellement, représente une alternative prometteuse., Bonnet Sarah, Richardson Jennifer. La vaccination anti-tiques comme outil de prévention contre les multiples agents qu’elles transmettent. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 171 n°1, 2018. pp. 14-19.

Published
2018

37. Tick-pathogen interactions and vector competence: Identification of molecular drivers for tick-borne diseases

Author

Anna Papa, Nataliia Rudenko, Ryan O. M. Rego, Santo Caracappa, Nicholas Johnson, Marie Vancová, Ana Domingos, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Christian Gortázar, Libor Grubhoffer, Maryna Golovchenko, Sarah Bonnet, Ard M. Nijhof, José de la Fuente, Katherine M. Kocan, Nieves Ayllón, Pilar Alberdi, Anthony R. Fooks, Sandra Antunes, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Karen L. Mansfield, Margarita Villar, Alessandra Torina, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of ScienceˇCeské Budeˇ jovice, Czechia, University of South Bohemia, Facultad de ciencias veterinarias [Sante Fe] (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey (UNIS), Institute of Infection and Global Health Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), National Center of Reference for Anaplasma, Babesia, Rickettsia and Theileria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) [BFU2016-79892-P], FCT [UID/Multi/04413/2013], University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain, European Project: 278976, Rego, Ryan O. M., Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), and Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Anaplasma, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Babesia, Review, Tick, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, parasitic diseases, medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Animals, Humans, Microbiome, Pathogen, Genetics, Tick-borne disease, biology, Transmission (medicine), Borrelia, Flavivirus, tick, flavivirus, immunology, vaccine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Tick-Borne Diseases, Vector (epidemiology), Host-Pathogen Interactions, Identification (biology), Arachnid Vectors, Vaccine
Abstract

Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. Vector competence is a component of vectorial capacity and depends on genetic determinants affecting the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen. These determinants affect traits such as tick-host-pathogen and susceptibility to pathogen infection. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions that affect vector competence is essential for the identification of molecular drivers for tick-borne diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of tick-pathogen molecular interactions for bacteria, viruses, and protozoa affecting human and animal health. Additionally, the impact of tick microbiome on these interactions was considered. Results show that different pathogens evolved similar strategies such as manipulation of the immune response to infect vectors and facilitate multiplication and transmission. Furthermore, some of these strategies may be used by pathogens to infect both tick and mammalian hosts. Identification of interactions that promote tick survival, spread, and pathogen transmission provides the opportunity to disrupt these interactions and lead to a reduction in tick burden and the prevalence of tick-borne diseases. Targeting some of the similar mechanisms used by the pathogens for infection and transmission by ticks may assist in development of preventative strategies against multiple tick-borne diseases., Part of the research included in this review was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) grant BFU2016-79892-P and the European Union (EU) Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) ANTIGONE project number 278976. SA and AD would like to acknowledge FCT for funds to GHTM - UID/Multi/04413/2013. MV was supported by the Research Plan of the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain.

Published
2017

38. Mapping interactions between tick-borne viruses and their different host species

Author

Sandrine Lacour, Manon Lemasson, Yves Unterfinger, Sara Moutailler, Sarah Bonnet, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Grégory Caignard, Damien Vitour, Houssam Attoui, Jennifer Richardson, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Published
2017

39. Heterogeneous intratumoral distribution of gadolinium nanoparticles within U87 human glioblastoma xenografts unveiled by micro-PIXE imaging

Author

Richard Ortega, Frederic Pouzoulet, Asuncion Carmona, Stéphane Roudeau, Baptiste L'Homel, Yolanda Prezado, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC (UMR_8165)), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Micro pixe, Gadolinium, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, Contrast Media, Mice, Nude, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Medical imaging, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Distribution (pharmacology), Animals, Humans, Tissue Distribution, U87, Molecular Biology, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Cell Biology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Cancer Radiotherapy, Heterografts, Nanoparticles, Female, 0210 nano-technology, Glioblastoma
Abstract

International audience; Metallic nanoparticles have great potential in cancer radiotherapy as theranostic drugs since, they serve simultaneously as contrast agents for medical imaging and as radio-therapy sensitizers. As with other anticancer drugs, intratumoral diffusion is one of the main limiting factors for therapeutic efficiency. To date, a few reports have investigated the intratumoral distribution of metallic nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative distribution of gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles after direct intratumoral injection within U87 human glioblastoma tumors grafted in mice, using micro-PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) imaging. AGuIX (Activation and Guiding of Irradiation by X-ray) 3 nm particles composed of a polysiloxane network surrounded by gadolinium chelates were used. PIXE results indicate that the direct injection of Gd nanoparticles in tumors results in their heterogeneous diffusion, probably related to variations in tumor density. All tumor regions contain Gd, but with markedly different concentrations, with a more than 250-fold difference. Also Gd can diffuse to the healthy adjacent tissue. This study highlights the usefulness of mapping the distribution of metallic nanoparticles at the intratumoral level, and proposes PIXE as an imaging modality to probe the quantitative distribution of metallic nanoparticles in tumors from experimental animal models with micrometer resolution.

Published
2017

40. Cartographie des interactions protéiques entre les flavivirus transmis par les tiques et leurs différents hôtes mammifères

Author

Sandrine Lacour, Manon Lemasson, Yves Unterfinger, Sara Moutailler, Sarah Bonnet, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Grégory Caignard, Damien Vitour, Muriel Coulpier, Houssam Attoui, Jennifer Richardson, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), ProdInra, Migration, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Published
2017

41. List of Contributors

Author

John F. Andersen, Sarah Bonnet, Nathalie Boulanger, Guy Caljon, Adriana Costero-Saint Denis, Iliano V. Coutinho-Abreu, Waldionê de Castro, Carl De Trez, Ranadhir Dey, Erol Fikrig, Stephen Higgs, Yan-Jang S. Huang, Shaden Kamhawi, Randall Kincaid, Michail Kotsyfakis, Wolfgang W. Leitner, Erin E. McClure, Hira L. Nakhasi, Sukanya Narasimhan, Fabiano Oliveira, Joao H.F. Pedra, Anne Poinsignon, Franck Remoue, José M.C. Ribeiro, Andre Sagna, Tyler R. Schleicher, Tiago D. Serafim, Dana K. Shaw, Benoît Stijlemans, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Jan Van Den Abbeele, Dana L. Vanlandingham, Esther von Stebut, Tonu Wali, and Stephen Wikel

Published
2017

42. 7. Principales maladies transmises par les tiques : épidémiologie, clinique et diagnostic

Author

Elsa Jourdain, Sara Moutailler, Gérald Umhang, Yves Hansmann, Brigitte Degeilh, Laurence Vial, Laurence Malandrin, Nathalie Boulanger, Guy Joncour, Muriel Vayssier‑Taussat, Jean-Claude George, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Cabinet médical, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg (CHU de Strasbourg ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Groupement Technique Vétérinaire (GTV), Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Karen D. McCoy, Nathalie Boulanger, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Université de Rennes (UR), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

National audience

Published
2016

43. Tick species, tick-borne pathogens and symbionts in an insular environment off the coast of Western France

Author

Sara Moutailler, Elodie Devillers, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Alessandra Torina, Guy Joncour, Lorraine Michelet, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Société Nationale des Groupements Techniques Vétérinaires (SNGTV), Dipartimento Sanità Interprovinciale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, GTV Bretagne, Institut national de medecine agricole (INMA), Fondation Alfort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), the Animal Health department of INRA, European Network for Neglected Vectors and Vector-Borne Infections (COST Action) [TD1303], École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Ixodidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Insular environment, Zoology, Tick, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, Borrelia, Theileria, parasitic diseases, Animals, Anaplasma, Dermacentor, Islands, Haemaphysalis, Tick-borne pathogens, biology, Bacteria, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Infectious Diseases, Rickettsia, Tick-Borne Diseases, Insect Science, Babesia, bacteria, Parasitology, Female, France, Animal Distribution
Abstract

Insular environments provide ideal natural conditions to study disease ecology, especially emerging diseases, due to clear differentiation between local and long-distance transmission. Such environments are of particular interest regarding tick-borne pathogens (TBP), since animal exchange with the mainland (along with any ticks they carry) is limited, and because such locations could lie on migratory routes for birds carrying ticks. Therefore both tick species and TBP may display different prevalence than those observed on the continent. As such, an epidemiological survey was performed on Belle-Ile-en-Mer, an island off the coast of Western France, in order to estimate the prevalence of tick species and the microorganisms they carried. Three tick species, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, and Haemaphysalis punctata were collected at five different sites in 2010 and 2011. All ticks were tested for pathogen's and symbiont's DNA by (i) PCR for Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp.; (ii) real-time PCR for Francisella tularensis, Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLE) and Coxiella spp. and (iii) PCR-RLB for Babesia-Theileria spp. Pathogen DNA detected in D. marginatus including Borrelia spp. (18%), Rickettsia spp. (13%) which was identified as R. slovaca, Babesia spp. (8%), and Theileria spp. (1%). Pathogens detected in D. reticulatus including Rickettsia spp. (31%) identified as R. raoulti, Francisella-like endosymbiont (86%), and Babesia spp (21%). Pathogens detected in H. punctata including Rickettsia spp. (1%) identified as R. aeschlimannii, FLE (0.4%), Babesia spp. (18%), and Theileria spp. (7%). Anaplasma spp., F. tularensis, or Coxiella spp. were not detected in any of the collected ticks. This study represents the first epidemiological survey of the insular Belle-Ile-en-Mer environment. It demonstrated the presence of expected pathogens, consistent with reports from island veterinarians or physicians, as well as unexpected pathogens, raising questions about their potential introduction through infected animals and/or their dispersion by migratory birds.

Published
2016

44. 2. Biologie des tiques

Author

Frédéric Stachurski, Sarah Bonnet, Magalie René‑Martellet, Lionel Zenner, Guy Joncour, Karine Huber, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chercheur indépendant, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UPE, European Union Reference Laboratory for equine diseases (EURL), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karen D. McCoy, Nathalie Boulanger, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030308 mycology & parasitology
Abstract

National audience

Published
2016

45. Number of Mutations and Type of Prior Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Are Prognostic Factors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Post Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Author

Edmond Chiche, S. Dominique Raynaud, Sarah Bertoli, Lauris Gastaud, Alice Marceau-Renaut, Anne Murati, Norbert Vey, Pascal Boulay, Claude Preudhomme, Veronique De Mas, Thomas Cluzeau, David A. Sallman, Andrew T. Kuykendall, Christian Recher, Eric Delabesse, and Sarah Bonnet

Subjects
Mutation, business.industry, Immunology, Myeloid leukemia, Myeloproliferative disease, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Debulking, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Chemotherapy regimen, Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Polycythemia vera, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Myeloproliferative neoplasm
Abstract

BACKGROUND Post myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs respectively in 1.5%, 7.0% and 11% of patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). This subgroup of AML has very poor prognosis and are often excluded from clinical trials. Therefore, only few cohorts including molecular data are available. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively collected data from 111 patients treated in four centers in France for post MPN-AML. Clinical, molecular and treatment information was available for all patients at AML and MPN stages. DNA was extracted from samples at diagnosis of MPN chronic phase, at diagnosis of AML phase and after induction treatment. JAK2-V617F mutations were identified by qPCR (Ipsogen® MutaQuant kit, Qiagen, Germany), MPL-W515L/K mutations were identified by PCR (Ipsogen® MutaScreen kit, Qiagen, Germany) and CALR mutations were identified by conventional sequencing (Applied Biosystems, 3500Genetic Analyzer). NGS on 36 genes using Ampliseq librairy and Ion Proton sequencing (Thermofisher, Waltham, MA, USA) were performed in 96/111 patients. Overall response rate (ORR) was defined by complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), partial remission (PR) and stable disease (SD). Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of AML diagnosis to the date of death or last follow-up. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.22 software (IBM SPSS Statistics). RESULTS 111 patients treated for post MPN-AML were retrospectively included in this study. Sex ratio M/F was 54%/46%. Median age at AML diagnosis was 66 years (28-89, range). Cytogenetic categories were favorable, intermediate and adverse in 2 (2%), 51 (46%) and 47 (42%) patients, respectively. 25/111 (23%) patients had a monosomal karyotype (MK). Median number of additional mutations excluding from JAK2/MPL/CALR mutations was 2 (0-6, range). The most frequent additional mutations were TP53 (23%), ASXL1 (17%), TET2 (13%), SRSF2 (10%), DNMT3A (8%), SF3B1 (8%) and RUNX1 (8%). Only 2 patients were mutated for NPM1 and 2 and 4 patients were FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD, respectively. Prior MPN were PV, ET and PMF in 20%, 34% and 46% of patients, respectively. First line treatment was intensive chemotherapy (IC) for 61 (55%) patients, hypomethylating agents (HMA) for 10 (9%) or other treatments including best supportive care, cytoreduction for the other ones. 24/111 (22%) underwent to ASCT. ORR was 54% (with 30/71 (42%) in CR/CRi) in patients treated by IC or HMA. We did not identify factors predicting a higher rate of CR/CRi. OS was 12 months [6-18] and was not influenced by transplant, cytogenetic categories or by the type and allele frequencies of JAK2/CALR/MPL mutations. OS was significantly longer in the group treated with HMA as compared to IC (10 versus 46 months, respectively, p=0.006); in patients with prior PV as compared to ET or MF (26 months [0-57] versus 10 months [7-13] versus 10 months [4-16] respectively, p=0.07) and in patients with presence of additional mutations other than JAK2/CALR/MPL (5 months [0-12] versus 46 months [32-60] in 38 patients without mutation versus 58 patients with presence of at least one mutation, respectively, p=0.04). By multivariate analysis, only presence of additional mutations was predictive for OS with a hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42 [0.18-0.97] (p=0.04). Finally, we followed the VAFs of JAK2 in seven patients before and after IC. We observed in 2 patients an increase of JAK2 clone correlated with CR whereas no variation of VAFs was associated with absence of CR. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we confirmed the poor prognosis of post MPN AML. Classical AML prognostic factors were not validated in our cohort. We identified the presence of mutations other than JAK2/MPL/CALR as the main prognostic factor whereas post-PV AML appeared to do better than post-ET and post-PMF AML. The very poor result of IC with or without ASCT highlights the need to develop specific clinical trials in this subgroup of AML. Disclosures Kuykendall: Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy. Sallman:Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Cluzeau:CELGENE: Consultancy; MENARINI: Consultancy; JAZZ PHARMA: Consultancy.

Published
2018

46. Environmental factors influencing tick densities over seven years in a French suburban forest

Author

Martine Cote, Evelyne Le Naour, Richard Paul, Sarah Bonnet, Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), We gratefully thank all who participated in collecting ticks throughout the study: M. Chaumien, E. Devillers, F. Femenia, N. Galais,D.Huet,X.Liu,S.Moutailler,C.Reis and L. Simo. We are very grateful to Jean-Louis Chapuis for his critical reading ofthe manuscript. Thanks are also due to the 'Tiques et Maladies à Tiques' group (REID, Réseau Ecologie des Interactions Durables) for stimulating discussions., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Bonnet, Sarah, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ixodes ricinus, Forests, medicine.disease_cause, Population density, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, Longitudinal Studies, Rickettsia, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Tick-borne pathogens, biology, Ecology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Female, France, Longitudinal study, Bartonella, Climate impact, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Nymph, 030231 tropical medicine, Babesia, Borrelia miyamotoi, Tick, Peri-urban forest, Tick density, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Weather, Population Density, Ixodes, Borrelia, Research, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 030104 developmental biology, Rickettsia helvetica, 13. Climate action, Arachnid Vectors, Parasitology
Abstract

Background Worldwide changes in socio-economic and environmental factors and the global climate are recognised causes of variation in tick distribution and density. Thus it is of great importance that new studies address the changing risk of infection for exposed populations. In Europe, Ixodes ricinus ticks are the most common vectors of several pathogens impacting veterinary and public health that have colonised suburban habitats. Methods This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal I. ricinus questing densities and infection rates over 7 years in a French suburban forested area with high human population density. Ticks were collected in spring yearly between 2008 and 2014 and, out of a total of 8594 collected I. ricinus, a representative subset of adult females (n = 259) were individually examined for the presence of several pathogens via PCR. Results Nymph densities peaked in 2009–2011, and then declined in 2012–2014. Changes in monthly temperature only had a modest impact on this variation. In contrast, analysis revealed a complex intra-annual relationship between mean nymph density and both concurrent and lagged mean monthly temperatures. The following pathogens were detected in the studied area: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, Babesia venatorum and B. divergens, Francisella tularensis, Borrelia miyamotoi, B. afzelii/valaisiana, B. garinii/lusitaniae and Bartonella spp. Conclusion Our findings reinforce the conclusion that ticks are important vectors of pathogenic microorganisms in suburban forests and suggest that despite complex intra-annual relationships between tick densities and temperature, there is no evidence for a climate-associated increase in infection risk over the 7-year period. Rather, tick densities are likely to be strongly influenced by population density fluctuations in vertebrate host species and wildlife management. Further detailed studies on the impact of climate change on tick population densities are required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1591-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

47. Infection of Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus barberi) with Borrelia sp. reveals a low reservoir competence under experimental conditions

Author

Jean-Louis Chapuis, Maud Marsot, Sébastien Masséglia, Thomas Lilin, Elisabeth Ferquel, Valérie Choumet, Sarah Bonnet, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Martine Cote, USC INRA Bartonella et Tiques, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre National de Référence des Borrelia (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by research funds from the Animal Health Department of INRA., Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Sciuridae, MESH: Lyme Disease, Ixodes ricinus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Animals, MESH: Borrelia burgdorferi Group, Bites and Stings, 0303 health sciences, Lyme Disease, biology, Sciuridae, Siberian chipmunk, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, Europe, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Arachnid Vectors, MESH: Borrelia burgdorferi, Female, Nymph, Reservoir competence, Tick, Borrelia afzelii, Microbiology, MESH: Ixodes, 03 medical and health sciences, Borrelia burgdorferi Group, biology.animal, Borrelia, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Borrelia burgdorferi, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Reservoirs, Lyme borreliosis, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, Ixodes, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Nymph, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, Chipmunk, Insect Science, Parasitology, Arachnid Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, MESH: Female, Xenodiagnosis
Abstract

International audience; Reservoir competence is a key parameter in understanding the role of host species in the epidemiology of multi-host-especially vector-borne-pathogens. With this aim in view, we studied the reservoir competence of the Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus barberi) recently introduced into Europe, for the multi-host tick-borne bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi sl, the agent of Lyme borreliosis. T. sibiricus were experimentally exposed to bites from Ixodes ricinus ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii, with subsequent assessment of bacteremia and antibody responses. Borrelia was detected in chipmunk blood samples, ear biopsies and organ necropsies, and in nymphs used for xenodiagnosis (at one and six months after the initial chipmunk infection) via both serological and molecular methods. In total, eight out of twelve chipmunks showed evidence of infection by Borrelia sp., either by ELISA or PCR. Five chipmunks developed an immune response against the bacteria one month after infection. Borrelia infection in at least one organ was observed in seven animals at 14, 38, 93 or 178 days post-infection. Xenodiagnosis was positive for one chipmunk at 38 days, but no longer at 178 days post-infection. Four chipmunks remained uninfected, despite similar infection pressures to those observed in the field. Taken together, these results suggest that chipmunks can be infected through Borrelia-infected tick bites, and can transmit Borrelia to nymphs, but do not remain persistently infected.

Published
2015

48. Reliability of molecular host-identification methods for ticks: an experimental in vitro study with Ixodes ricinus

Author

Karen D. McCoy, Xiangye Liu, Valérie Noël, Sarah Bonnet, Elsa Léger, Sébastien Masséglia, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Evolution Théorique et Expérimentale (MIVEGEC-ETE), Perturbations, Evolution, Virulence (PEV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), partial financial support was provided by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (programs OSCAR: ANR-11-AGRO- 0001-04, ESPEVEC: ANR-13-BSV7-0018-01), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie

Subjects
Erythrocytes, Ixodes ricinus, Host identification, Ixodidae, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Tick, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vector-borne diseases, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Hematophagous arthropods, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Ixodes, biology, Transmission (medicine), Host (biology), Detection biases, Research, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Molecular methods, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chickens
Abstract

Background Reliable information on host use by arthropod vectors is required to study pathogen transmission ecology and to predict disease risk. Direct observation of host use is often difficult or impossible and indirect methods are therefore necessary. However, the reliability of currently available methods to identify the last host of blood-feeding arthropods has not been evaluated, and may be particularly problematic for ticks because host blood has been digested at capture. Biases in host detection may lead to erroneous conclusions on both vector ecology and pathogen circulation. Methods Here, we experimentally tested for biases in host detection using the generalist three-host tick Ixodes ricinus as a model system. We fed ticks using an artificial feeding system and amplified blood meal traces post-moult (i.e., in the succeeding unfed life stage) via both a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and a reverse line blotting method. We then experimentally tested for three types of biases in host detection: 1) time post-moult, 2) tick life stage and 3) host type (non-nucleated mammal blood versus nucleated avian blood), and compared these biases between the two molecular methods. Results Our results show that all three factors can influence host detection in ticks but not necessarily in the expected way. Although host detection rates decreased with time post-moult, mammal blood tended to be more readily detected than bird blood. Tick life stage was also an important factor; detection was higher in nymphs than in adults and, in some cases, remnants from both larval and nymphal blood meals could be detected in the adult stage. These biases were similar for the two detection techniques. Conclusions We show that different factors associated with questing ticks may influence our ability to correctly infer previous host use and that these factors may bias inferences from field-based studies. As these biases may be common to other vector-borne disease systems, their implications for our understanding of vector ecology and disease transmission require more explicit consideration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1043-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

50. The future of research on tick-borne pathogens: shifting from the ‘one pathogen-one disease’ vision to the pathobiome paradigm

Author

Muriel Taussat, Maria Kazimirova, Zdenek Hubalek, Sándor Hornok, Róbert Farkas, Sarah Bonnet, Gwenaël Vourc'h, Mihalca, Andrei D., Olivier Plantard, Cornelia Silaghi, Annapaola Rizzoli, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Budapest University, Partenaires INRAE, University of Veterinary Medicine, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Renaud Lancelot, Sylvie Laurens and Andrew Lewer, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

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