Search

Iliopsoas bursitis is a well-established cause of groin pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and it can become dramatically more complex when associated with neurovascular compression. Iliopsoas bursitis may be caused by a variety of pathologies in the setting of a THA but most frequently due to a prominent acetabular component or implant wear. Here we report a rare case of a female patient presenting with iliopsoas tendonitis, an accompanying femoral nerve palsy, and debilitating pain beginning 12 years after a previously successful primary THA without apparent implant wear. Ultimately, our patient was treated successfully with iliopsoas tendon release for anterior prominence of the acetabular component.

Despite high attrition rates and abundant criticisms, online graduate programs continue to grow. This paper describes the efforts of one online doctoral program that focused on developing programmatic support structures to increase community. Utilizing a qualitative, case study research design, including surveys and semi-structured interviews, this study examined two research questions: 1) In what ways did students experience a sense of community? 2) What elements of an online professional doctoral program did students find most influential in developing a learning community? Findings indicate that students experience community through peer collaboration, program support, and shared learning and networking. A sense of community was developed through the cohort model, strong student support services, synchronous live sessions, and relationships formed with faculty. As a result, a community of practice was formed among program participants. Findings from this study have the potential to aid other online graduate programs as they design and implement structures to foster student success and retention.

Decision-making processes can be modulated by stress, and the time elapsed from stress induction seems to be a crucial factor in determining the direction of the effects. Although current approaches consider the first post-stress hour a uniform period, the dynamic pattern of activation of the physiological stress systems (i.e., the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) suggests that its neurobehavioural impact might be heterogeneous. Here, we evaluate economic risk preferences on the gain domain (i.e., risk aversion) at three time points following exposure to psychosocial stress (immediately after, and 20 and 45 min from onset). Using lottery games, we examine decisions at both the individual and social levels. We find that risk aversion shows a time-dependent change across the first post-stress hour, evolving from less risk aversion shortly after stress to more risk averse behaviour at the last testing time. When risk implied an antisocial outcome to a third party, stressed individuals showed less regard for this person in their decisions. Participants' cortisol levels explained their behaviour in the risk, but not the antisocial, game. Our findings reveal differential stress effects in self- and other-regarding decision-making and highlight the multidimensional nature of the immediate aftermath of stress for cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the program changes that emerged from the Baylor University Ed.D. in Learning and Organizational Change program development team as we engaged as a community of practice in the organizational change process to reframe our conceptualization of the Problem of Practice dissertation. This process led to logical implications for the program course offerings and student support systems. The following article, therefore, traces these changes as they emanate out from the Problem of Practice dissertation reconfiguration, into the course sequence, and finally the student support systems. This article concludes by offering the perspective gained about this work as we engaged in the same organizational change process through which we guide our students.

Background: Parents use digital sources (such as the internet or online forums and applications) during pregnancy and after childbirth to receive informative support. Research shows that there is further need for innovation development in digital parental support despite informative support available in digital form.Purpose: To explore parents' perceptions of future digital parental support concerning pregnancy and the first 18 months of parenthood.Method: A phenomenographic interview study with an inductive approach including 15 semi-structured interviews was conducted.Results: The analysis process resulted in three descriptive categories: Opportunities for virtual and in-person meetings, Individualized digital parental support, and Professional knowledge and trustworthiness concerning future digital parental support.Conclusion: The results broaden the knowledge about how future digital parental support can be designed to facilitate the functional, interactive, and critical digital health literacy of new and would-be parents. To succeed, healthcare organizations should allow healthcare professionals to assume an active role in developing digital parental support, both as health educators (i.e., providing parents with knowledge) and facilitators (i.e., facilitating parents' use of digital parental support). However, parents perceived that future digital parental support should complement standard care instead of replacing in-person meetings with healthcare professionals.

Abstrak - Proses seleksi adalah serangkaian langkah kegiatan yang digunakan untuk memutuskan apakah calon penerima subsidi diterima atau tidak. Tujuan dari sistem penunjang keputusan seleksi penerima subsidi beras sejahtera (RASTRA) ini yaitu untuk membantu bagian Kasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam melakukan proses seleksi yang cepat dan tepat yang sesuai dengan beberapa kriteria yaitu, jumlah penghasilan, jenis pekerjaan, jumlah tanggungan, umur dan kepemilikan rumah. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada. Metode ini dipilih karena suatu bentuk model pendukung keputusan dimana peralatan utamanya adalah sebuah hierarki fungsional dengan input utamanya persepsi manusia, yakni dalam hal ini adalah orang yang ahli dalam permasalahan proses seleksi calon seleksi penerima subsidi beras sejahtera Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan seleksi yang dibangun sebagai alat bantu untuk penentuan berhak tidaknya warga untuk mendapatkan subsidi. Abstract - The selection process is a series of activity steps used to decide whether prospective recipients of subsidies are accepted or not. The purpose of the decision support system for selection of recipients of prosperous rice subsidies (RASTRA) is to assist the Community Empowerment Section in conducting a quick and precise selection process that is in accordance with several criteria, namely, the amount of income, type of work, number of dependents, age and home ownership. Therefore, researchers use the Analyticalcal Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to solve existing problems. This method was chosen because of a form of decision support model in which the main equipment is a functional hierarchy with the main input of human perception, ie in this case an expert in the problem of the selection process for the selection of prospective recipients of prosperous rice subsidies. The results of this study are in the form of the application of a selection decision support system that was built as a tool for determining whether citizens are entitled to subsidies.

Microbes structure biogeochemical cycles and food webs in the marine environment. Here, the authors sample coral reef-associated microbes across a 24-hour period, showing clear day–night patterns of microbial populations and thus calling for more studies to consider temporal variation in microbiomes at this scale.

Tensile strength in rock mechanics is a characteristic more frequently determined in the indirect rather than direct way. This paper presents a historical review of the development of the indirect method called the Brazilian test, comprising the period from 1943 to the present day. It stresses some aspects which are essential for interpreting the results of the Brazilian test due to the different degrees of stress during the testing and the direct method of determining tensile strength. The estimate of the direct tensile strength and the influence of sample saturation on the results of indirect tensile strength testing have been specifically elaborated.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) experience significant inequalities in health and well-being. They are the group in the UK at the highest risk of acquiring a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Guidance relating to both HIV infection prevention, in general, and individual-level behaviour change interventions, in particular, is very limited. Objectives: To conduct an evidence synthesis of the clinical effectiveness of behaviour change interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour among MSM after a negative HIV infection test. To identify effective components within interventions in reducing HIV risk-related behaviours and develop a candidate intervention. To host expert events addressing the implementation and optimisation of a candidate intervention. Data sources: All major electronic databases (British Education Index, BioMed Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Educational Resource Index and Abstracts, Health and Medical Complete, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed and Social Science Citation Index) were searched between January 2000 and December 2014. Review methods: A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of individual behaviour change interventions was conducted. Interventions were examined using the behaviour change technique (BCT) taxonomy, theory coding assessment, mode of delivery and proximity to HIV infection testing. Data were summarised in narrative review and, when appropriate, meta-analysis was carried out. Supplemental analyses for the development of the candidate intervention focused on post hoc realist review method, the assessment of the sequential delivery and content of intervention components, and the social and historical context of primary studies. Expert panels reviewed the candidate intervention for issues of implementation and optimisation. Results: Overall, trials included in this review (n = 10) demonstrated that individual-level behaviour change interventions are effective in reducing key HIV infection risk-related behaviours. However, there was considerable clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the trials. Exploratory meta-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in behaviours associated with high risk of HIV transmission (risk ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.91). Additional stratified analyses suggested that effectiveness may be enhanced through face-to-face contact immediately after testing, and that theory-based content and BCTs drawn from ‘goals and planning’ and ‘identity’ groups are important. All evidence collated in the review was synthesised to develop a candidate intervention. Experts highlighted overall acceptability of the intervention and outlined key ways that the candidate intervention could be optimised to enhance UK implementation. Limitations: There was a limited number of primary studies. All were from outside the UK and were subject to considerable clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity. The findings of the meta-analysis must therefore be treated with caution. The lack of detailed intervention manuals limited the assessment of intervention content, delivery and fidelity. Conclusions: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions suggests that they are effective in changing behaviour associated with HIV transmission. Exploratory stratified meta-analyses suggested that interventions should be delivered face to face and immediately after testing. There are uncertainties around the generalisability of these findings to the UK setting. However, UK experts found the intervention acceptable and provided ways of optimising the candidate intervention. Future work: There is a need for well-designed, UK-based trials of individual behaviour change interventions that clearly articulate intervention content and demonstrate intervention fidelity. Study registration: The study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42014009500. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

The natural beauty of coral reefs attracts millions of tourists worldwide resulting in substantial revenues for the adjoining economies. Although their visual appearance is a pivotal factor attracting humans to coral reefs current monitoring protocols exclusively target biogeochemical parameters, neglecting changes in their aesthetic appearance. Here we introduce a standardized computational approach to assess coral reef environments based on 109 visual features designed to evaluate the aesthetic appearance of art. The main feature groups include color intensity and diversity of the image, relative size, color, and distribution of discernable objects within the image, and texture. Specific coral reef aesthetic values combining all 109 features were calibrated against an established biogeochemical assessment (NCEAS) using machine learning algorithms. These values were generated for ∼2,100 random photographic images collected from 9 coral reef locations exposed to varying levels of anthropogenic influence across 2 ocean systems. Aesthetic values proved accurate predictors of the NCEAS scores (root mean square error < 5 for N ≥ 3) and significantly correlated to microbial abundance at each site. This shows that mathematical approaches designed to assess the aesthetic appearance of photographic images can be used as an inexpensive monitoring tool for coral reef ecosystems. It further suggests that human perception of aesthetics is not purely subjective but influenced by inherent reactions towards measurable visual cues. By quantifying aesthetic features of coral reef systems this method provides a cost efficient monitoring tool that targets one of the most important socioeconomic values of coral reefs directly tied to revenue for its local population.

The functional complexity of brain circuits underlies the broad spectrum of behaviors, cognitive functions, and their associated disorders. Mitochondria, traditionally known for their role in cellular energy metabolism, are increasingly recognized as central to brain function and behavior. This review examines how mitochondria are pivotal in linking cellular energy processes with the functioning of neural circuits that govern fear and anxiety. Following an introductory section in which we summarize current knowledge about fear and anxiety neural circuits, we provide a brief summary of mitochondria fundamental roles (e.g., from energy production and calcium buffering to their involvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dynamics, and signaling), particularly emphasizing their contribution to synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and stress response mechanisms. The review's core focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding how mitochondrial function and dysfunction impact the neural substrates of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, we explore the implications of mitochondrial alterations in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders, underscoring the potential of mitochondrial pathways as new therapeutic targets. Integrating insights from genetic, biochemical, neurobiological, behavioral, and clinical studies, we propose a model in which mitochondrial function is critical for regulating the neural circuits that underpin fear and anxiety behaviors, highlighting how mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to their pathological manifestations. This integration emphasizes the potential for developing novel treatments targeting the biological roots of fear, anxiety, and related disorders. By merging mitochondrial biology with behavioral and circuit neuroscience, we enrich our neurobiological understanding of fear and anxiety, uncovering promising avenues for therapeutic intervention., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Adverse experiences during infancy and adolescence have an important and enduring effect on the brain and are predisposing factors for mental disorders, particularly major depression. This impact is particularly notable in regions with protracted development, such as the prefrontal cortex. The inhibitory neurons of this cortical region are altered by peripubertal stress (PPS), particularly in female mice. In this study we have explored whether the inhibitory circuits of the thalamus are impacted by PPS in male and female mice. This diencephalic structure, as the prefrontal cortex, also completes its development during postnatal life and is affected by adverse experiences. The long-term changes induced by PPS were exclusively found in adult female mice. We have found that PPS increases depressive-like behavior and induces changes in parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) cells of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). We observed reductions in the volume of the TRN, together with those of parameters related to structures/molecules that regulate the plasticity and connectivity of PV+ cells: perineuronal nets, matricellular structures surrounding PV+ neurons, and the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). The expression of the GluN1, but not of GluN2C, NMDA receptor subunit was augmented in the TRN after PPS. An increase in the fluorescence intensity of PV+ puncta was also observed in the synaptic output of TRN neurons in the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory circuits of the thalamus, as those of the prefrontal cortex, are vulnerable to the effects of aversive experiences during early life, particularly in females. This vulnerability is probably related to the protracted development of the TRN and might contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)