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The article presents the life and career of Inez Fung, a prominent climatologist. Born in Hong Kong in 1949, Fung graduated in applied mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and obtained her Ph.D. in Meteorology in 1977. Throughout her career, Fung has worked on climate modeling, biogeochemical cycles, and climate change, contributing to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Currently, Fung is a member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and has received numerous awards for her work in the field of climatology. [Extracted from the article]

Out of 1,578 cataloged and named craters on the Moon, only 32 are named after women. That is a scant 2%. To highlight the underrepresentation of women in science, the author created two connected art projects. The initial project, Women With Impact, is a series of drawings of Moon craters named after women. Building on this oeuvre is One Small Step, a participatory project that invites prominent female astronomers to perform a meditative walk while wearing 3D-printed shoe soles that create a small Moon crater with each step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This poem strongly challenges the preconceived notion in society that women are not meant for science or fields related to the science discipline and therefore, do not succeed in them. It gives examples of women from the world over who have made significant, groundbreaking, and novel innovations and contributions in the field of science and related careers, throughout periods of history. They excelled despite the lack of support on the one hand, and widespread opposition from the prevalent society on the other. The poem also throws light on the important fact that from times immemorial almost every civilization has revered women for learning and even worshiped them as goddesses of wisdom and education. It encourages readers to pause and think on these facts. It ends with a motivational note for women to claim their long due and deserved respect, persist, and fight back against the misconceptions regarding women and science, and choose their path with pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have achieved parity with men among biomedical science degree holders but remain underrepresented in academic positions. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-the world's largest public funder of biomedical research-receives less than one-third of its new grant applications from women. Correspondingly, women compose less than one-third of NIH research grantees, even though they are as successful as men in obtaining first-time grants. Our study examined women's and men's NIH funding trajectories over time (n = 34,770), exploring whether women remain funded at the same rate as men after receiving their first major research grants. A survival analysis demonstrated a slightly lower funding longevity for women. We next examined gender differences in application, review, and funding outcomes. Women individually held fewer grants, submitted fewer applications, and were less successful in renewing grants-factors that could lead to gender differences in funding longevity. Finally, two adjusted survival models that account for initial investigator characteristics or subsequent application behavior showed no gender differences, suggesting that the small observed longevity differences are affected by both sets of factors. Overall, given men's and women's generally comparable funding longevities, the data contradict the common assumption that women experience accelerated attrition compared with men across all career stages. Women's likelihood of sustaining NIH funding may be better than commonly perceived. This suggests a need to explore women's underrepresentation among initial NIH grantees, as well as their lower rates of new and renewal application submissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to question the widely accepted idea that female university students in Spain have, in the past, tended to opt for degrees in the field of humanities. Based on an analysis of the official statistics that are currently available, the paper demonstrates that Spanish female university students showed a clear preference for scientific studies, first medicine and later pharmacy. This pattern was not affected by Franco’s regime and remained stable until the great transformation of Spanish universities during the 1960s. Finally, the paper argues that the basic reasons for this preference for the scientific field were equal access to the prestigious male baccalaureate curriculum, which was a characteristic of the Spanish model for incorporating women into secondary education, and the uneven prestige of the professions to which the degrees provided access. The conclusion drawn is that, historically, pharmacy was the most common professional career pursued by female university graduates in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on scientific works of Polish women, and discusses history of region's oral tradition, women's history and women in literature.

The article focuses on a lecture given on women and science at the Scientific-Literary Association in Lwów, Ukraine in 1912, and discusses women in exact science, women mathematicians and dilettantism.

The article offers information on what Indians and Indians (referring to the peoples of India and to those encountered by Columbus in the Caribbean) can teach about colonization. Particular focus is given to how the topics relate to feminist science and technology studies (FSTS). Additional topics discussed include how the groups discussed are central biopolitical figures for both postcolonial and decolonial thought and how FSTS aims to understand the hierarchical formations relating to sex, race, class, sexuality, caste, ability and nation.

Women are still less present in scientific areas than men. This study analyzes the visual representation of women scientists in Spanish press and concludes that they are also underrepresented in newspapers. We analyze 1,134 photographs published in 2014 and 2015 in the science news sections of the four largest distribution Spanish newspapers. A tendency to present men more often as the protagonists of the information and women as a visual resource is also observed. This text proposes the need for the media to be aware of such underrepresentation and to match the number of men and women in graphic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze how a larger presence of female evaluators affects committee decision-making using information on 100,000 applications to associate and full professorships in Italy and Spain. These applications were assessed by 8,000 randomly selected evaluators. A larger number of women in evaluation committees does not increase either the quantity or the quality of female candidates who qualify. Information from individual voting reports suggests that female evaluators are not significantly more favorable toward female candidates. At the same time, male evaluators become less favorable toward female candidates as soon as a female evaluator joins the committee. (JEL I23, J16, J71) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years around 1900, more women were benefiting from a university education and using it as a pathway to acquiring research expertise and contributing to the development of scientific knowledge. Although numbers were small compared with men, it is clear that the idea of a female researcher was no longer an oddity. As illustrated by biographies and an analysis of three fictional texts featuring a female scientist, the increasing visibility of women did little to challenge the masculine colouring of science. A dissonance can be identified between femininity and science, even in settings sympathetic to a woman’s scientific activities. Particular unease is discernible when women are placed within the material culture of the laboratory. The problem of a woman embodying scientific authority, especially at a time when science was professionalising and institutionalising, adds an additional layer of complexity to discussions about women, science and education in these years. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The attrition of women from science with increasing career stage continues, suggesting that current strategies are unsuccessful. Research evaluation using unbiased metrics could be important for the retention of women, because other factors such as implicit bias are unlikely to quickly change. We compare the publishing patterns of men and women within the discipline of ecology and show sexual dimorphism in self-citation leading to higher h-index scores for men despite lower citations per paper, which is exacerbated by more career absences by women. However, if self-citations and non-research active years are excluded, there are no gender differences in research performance. The pattern is consistent across disciplines and may contribute to current geographic disparities in research performance, rewarding confident behavior and traditional career paths rather than research impact. Importantly, these changes would not disadvantage anyone, because self-citation does not indicate broader impact, and researchers should only be judged on their research-active career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is aimed at exploring the existing foundations for establishing gender equality targeted structural change in national R&I systems in the post-soviet countries of the Baltic See region (in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) in the context of their successful integration into the ERA of all EU member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The STAGES project Structural Transformation to Achieve Gender Equality in Research and Science2 (G.A. No. FP7-289051) was one of the very first funded projects in the framework of the new "structural change" strategy launched in 2011 by the European Commission with the aim to promote gender equality in science through multi-level and long-lasting transformations. The project was based on the implementation of a tailored Action Plan (AP) in different European university and research institutions. As a member of the STAGES consortium, the University of Milan also implemented AP. After four years of the implementation phase (2012-2015) and the first year of the sustainability phase (2015-2019), we are presenting some first experience-based reflections on specific aspects of structural change and 'prevailing strategies' challenge in this paper. Firstly, we describe the actions foreseen in our AP and strategic reasoning which led to their planning and implementation. We particularly focus on the dynamics of strategic adaptations while implementing AP taking into account emerging uncertainties. We finally present the implementation phase and the first sustainability outcomes deriving from the strategies employed and from their adaptation to emerging needs and changing contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the author recommends four books that she read in 2015 about women and science. Topics discussed include science journalist Christine Aschwanden who developed the "Finkbeiner Test" in response to the demise of Brill and related journalistic bias, "Headstrong: 52 Women Who Changed Science and the World," by Rachel Swaby, "Mary Ingraham Bunting: Her Two Lives," by Elaine Yaffe and "The Only Woman in the Room: Why Science Is Still a Boys' Club," by Eileen Pollack.

In this article, the author discusses a report related to women participation and discrimination in science. it need of considering gender issues in science-related debates. it mentions unfair discrimination by the scientific system against women. it also mentions need of gender equality policies aim to dismantle gender-related differences. It mentions social and cultural backgrounds of women that contributes to their career in success.

Gender inequality in academia might be understood as an effect of the belief of a contradiction between woman and science, which make it difficult for women to appropriate the right to author and authorise acts of knowing and thinking in science. In relation to this concern, the aim of this article is to explore how a group of successful women researchers do science and uphold their position as researchers. It is based on evidence from participant observation and qualitative interviews. Theoretical understandings of femininity and cloning culture are used to analyse how the women united as a group that displays a subordinate, heterosexual femininity. Their strategies might be understood as a form of cultural cloning. By expressing a collective emphasised femininity grounded in white, heterosexual, middle-class norms, the women experienced a sameness that rendered them strong as a group and well adapted in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There continues to be a persistent, widespread gender gap in multiple STEM disciplines at all educational and professional levels: from the self-reported interest of preschool aged students in scientific exploration to the percentages of tenured faculty in these disciplines, more men than women express an interest in science, a confidence in their scientific abilities, and ultimately decide to pursue scientific careers. Reported herein is an intensive outreach effort focused on addressing this gender gap: a full-time, week-long chemistry camp that was designed and implemented for middle school girls in the state of Rhode Island. The camp schedule included multiple hands-on experiments, field trips, and significant interactions with female scientists, all of which were designed to increase the participants' interest in and enthusiasm for science. The success of the program in changing the participants' attitudes toward science was measured through administration of a precamp and postcamp survey, and the survey results demonstrated a strong success in changing the participants' attitudes toward the widespread applicability of science, their perceived level of support for scientific study, and their interest in pursuing STEM-related careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a greater number of women are entering academic science than ever before, women remain underrepresented and are perceived as less successful than men in their fields. The reasons behind this are complicated and debatable. In this paper, I review the challenges that women continue to face in the natural and social academic sciences. Women continue to face barriers toward obtaining academic positions and securing promotions. A crucial aspect of the problem lies in the subjective definition of 'success,' which creates subconscious biases as well as gendered processes within institutions. These processes include biased evaluations of success in academia, limited mentorship for women in science, limited networking opportunities, and lack of institutional support for mothers. Future research should look more closely at the gendered definition of success, and related constraints within academia that keep women from breaking through the ivory ceiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three decades of work in the feminist studies of science and technology have shaped our evolving understandings of the relationships between sex, gender, and biotechnology. Sex, and gender are most often reduced to binary categories, severely limiting our conceptions not only of human diversity, but those of science and technology. Using two case study set in India, transnational surrogacy and the Indian Genome Variation Project, this paper explores how popular positions around biotechnology are reduced to binary positions promoting and opposing biotechnology as the solution for the economic and social development of India. By locating surrogacy and genomics within the larger geopolitical, historical, economic and cultural transformations of postcolonial India, the paper argues that both technologies are far more complex in their impact on women and gender. Why does technology become the major site of hope for the future? Why does genomics become the site for the promises of good health? Why has India become a site for reproductive tourism, and transnational surrogacy in particular? Drawing on the social studies of science, the paper argues that technology and human bodies are never neutral but always prefigured with a gender, race, caste and sexuality. Surrogacy and genomics should be understood within these colonial and postcolonial histories of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What factors might be causing the low participation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields? What can be done to attract more girls and women into STEM in Asia and beyond? A regional study published by UNESCO Bangkok in early 2015 explores a wide range of issues from gender differences in learning achievement in mathematics and science, participation in higher education as well as educational, psychosocial and labour market factors, all of which can influence girls' and women's attitudes towards STEM fields as a choice for further study and as a career. The report focuses on findings based on a regional desk study with research conducted in seven countries under review: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Republic of Korea and Vietnam. It is the second of two research studies as part of a three-year research project conducted by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education (UNESCO Bangkok) in collaboration with the Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI), which aims to explore issues of gender, learning achievement and transition to the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotechnology has much potential to meet the challenges of the global society in diverse sectors. Hence, it can certainly contribute to improving the health conditions of women and contribute to their well-being. But this is not happening as expected on account of various factors. Although women have made much progress in getting access to science and technology education, they are still underrepresented in science and technology. Hence, there is an urgent need to enhance women's participation in science and technology, particularly biotechnology. Women's needs should be given importance in biotechnology research and development. For society to derive significant benefits from science and technology, particularly biotechnology, women's needs for technology should be taken into account and women's participation in science and technology should be enhanced. This should not be limited to laboratories but also to enterprises, whether they are small, medium or large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian biotechnology has undergone rapid development within the past two decades. China, like many other countries in Asia, has made huge strides in biosciences and invested in the core elements to help transform it into a leading biotechnology hub in the region: state-of-the-art infrastructure, advanced technologies, pioneering research programmes, as well as rigorous science education and training. The rapid growth of the industry has translated in increased career opportunities for budding scientists. However, global statistics indicates that like most of the world, gender inequality in the biosciences persist in China due to traditional mindsets of women's role in society. However, in recognition of the valuable contributions women have made and are making in bioscience development, initiatives aimed at closing the gender gap are being implemented from the level of government to policies in universities. Thus, there are considerable opportunities and avenues for young women in China with the passion and persistence to pursue a career in biosciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the workshop "Working with Nineteenth-Century Medical and Health Periodicals" at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, on May 30, 2015. Topics discussed include the digitization of medical periodicals and accessibility for researchers, the circulation of scientific discoveries, and the representation of women doctors and nurses.

An editorial is presented, in which the author discusses need of considering gender issues in science-related debates. it mentions unfair discrimination by the scientific system against women. it also mentions need of gender equality policies aim to dismantle gender-related differences. It mentions social and cultural backgrounds of women that contributes to their career in success.

An editorial is presented, in which the author discusses need of considering gender issues in science-related debates. it mentions implicit association between science and the male sex, with need of focusing female publishing in Science. It also mentions overall feeling of well-being and satisfaction does not differ between gifted men and women.

An editorial is presented, in which the author discusses need of considering gender issues in science-related debates. it mentions unfair discrimination by the scientific system against women. it also mentions young female scientists may have been affected by the relative lack of female role models within the industry.