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The present work analyzes the academic performance of students from at-risk groups from the perspective of Social Network Analysis (SNA), studying the academic and interaction information of 45 students belonging to at-risk groups who attended a pilot socio-academic course during one academic term. This information was used to create a sociogram, which served as the basis for determining the centrality metrics of the SNA. The relationships between these metrics and the academic variables were then studied by means of correlation analysis and linear regression with LASSO standardization. As a preview of the results, it was determined that the academic performance of the students in the pilot course was influenced, on the one hand, by their academic knowledge prior to being admitted to the university, represented by the score on the Mathematics and Geometry section of the diagnostic test, and on the other hand, by the dynamics of the social network in which they interacted in the classroom, represented by the eigenvector centrality. These results have significant potential for explaining the academic performance according to SNA metrics, and they provide evidence to support the implementation of practices that promote a healthy social environment in an academic context.

La osteoporosis es un importante problema de salud pública. Las fracturas osteoporóticas más frecuentes son las de vertebras tóracolumbares. En la mayoría de los casos, el manejo inicial es conservador, sin embargo, pueden ocurrir importantes complicaciones. Se han desarrollado varias clasificaciones para definir la conducta terapéutica apropiada. Existen diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas de elección que consideran la condición clínica del paciente, el tiempo de evolución, y el nivel de severidad de la fractura. Se describe que la cifoplastía y la vertebroplastía no tienen diferencias en cuanto a outcome clínicos, y que la cementación con tornillos fenestrados aumenta la resistencia al pull out. La instrumentación corta, mínimamente invasiva, con incorporación de la vertebra fracturada, asociada a vertebroplastía es una técnica segura y avalada por la literatura. Se presenta estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de serie de casos. Palabras clave: Fractura osteoporótica, fractura tóracolumbar, vertebroplastía, cifoplastía, artrodesis tóracolumbar. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. The most common osteoporotic fractures are those of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. In most cases, initial management is conservative, however, serious complications can occur. Various classifications have been developed to define appropriate therapeutic conduct. There are different surgical techniques that consider the clinical condition of the patient, the time of evolution, and the level of severity of the fracture. The literature describes that kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty have no differences in terms of clinical outcomes, and that cementation with fenestrated screws increases resistance to pull out. The short minimally invasive instrumentation, with incorporation of the fractured vertebra, associated with vertebroplasty is a safe technique. A descriptive retrospective study of a series of cases is presented. Key words: Osteoporotic fracture, thoracolumbar fracture, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, thoracolumbar fixation, spine surgery., Introducción La osteoporosis es un problema de salud pública, y su incidencia en la población está en aumento (1). Las fracturas osteoporóticas más frecuentes son las vertebrales, especialmente las tóracolumbares, [...]

The breadth and depth of plant leaf metabolomes have been implicated in key interactions with plant enemies aboveground. In particular, divergence in plant species chemical composition—amongst neighbors, relatives, or both—is often suggested as a means of escape from insect herbivore enemies. Plants also experience strong pressure from enemies such as belowground pathogens; however, little work has been carried out to examine the evolutionary trajectories of species' specialized chemistries in both roots and leaves. Here, we examine the GCMS detectable phytochemistry (for simplicity, hereafter referred to as specialized volatile metabolites) of the tropical tree genus Protium, testing the hypothesis that phenotypic divergence will be weaker belowground compared to aboveground due to more limited dispersal by enemies. We found that, after controlling for differences in chemical richness, roots expressed less structurally diverse compounds than leaves, despite having higher numbers of specialized volatile metabolites, and that species' phylogenetic distance was only positively correlated with compound structural distance in roots, not leaves. Taken together, our results suggest that root specialized volatile metabolites exhibit significantly less phenotypic divergence than leaf specialized metabolites and may be under relaxed selection pressure from enemies belowground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]