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ZusammenfassungDie Kompressionstherapie ist seit mehreren Hunderten von Jahren ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der konservativen Therapie bei Menschen mit chronischen Wunden und Ödemen der unteren Extremitäten. Die dann eingeleitete Therapie kann in die Phasen der Entstauung, Erhaltung und Prävention unterteilt werden. Die Auswahl der jeweiligen Kompressionsversorgung orientiert sich u. a. an den Therapiephasen, dem klinischen Stadium und Symptomen, den Bedürfnissen Betroffener und deren körperlichen Fähigkeiten. Für die Kompressionstherapie steht heute eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Materialien und Methoden zur Verfügung. Daher gestaltet es sich zunehmend schwieriger, einen Überblick über diese Behandlungsoptionen zu behalten, zumal die verwendete Nomenklatur der Hersteller oft nicht einheitlich ist. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden daher die aktuell im deutschsprachigen Raum verfügbaren Materialien und Methoden zur Kompressionstherapie mit ihren Einsatzmöglichkeiten erläutert. Zudem wird eine einheitliche Nomenklatur vorgeschlagen, auf deren Basis eine sachgerechte Dokumentation und Kommunikation aller an der Versorgung von Menschen mit Kompressionstherapie Beteiligten gewährleistet ist.

China aims to become a “leader country” in international law that “guides” the international legal order. Delivering the first comprehensive analysis of case law and Chinese academic debates from 2002 to 2018, this book shows that gradually increased engagement with international adjudication is part of a broad effort to consolidate China’s economic and political gains, and regain great power status. It covers trade, investment, territorial and law of the sea matters – including the South China Sea disputes – and delineates a decades-long process between caution and ambition. Both in debate patterns and in actual engagement, this book finds remarkable similarities in all covered fields of law, merely the timetables differ.

Previous studies could report about different behavior of dried pellets at the 50°C due to the lack of constant rate period of drying. Now, one step further, the synchrotron (i.e. FT-IR, SWAXS) supported with laboratory sources (SWAXS, NMR) allowed deeper analytics reporting hidden partly molecular degradation invents from the frequently used drug ibuprofen in 4-isobutylacetophenone, and that molecule is no longer a drug but a toxic one. In the medication matrix CaSt was no degradation detected but the structural undulation seen with SAXS was also confirmed by FT-IR. However, we also show that a medical molecular degradation in their solid formulation could be detected and predicted not only by chemical analytics but also correlated and identified by a physical method based on X-Ray inner surface calculation. Such molecular degradation from active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) that occurs in the process of drug preparation in solid formulation can automatically be correlated with drug-dissolution. Thus, the Nano-analytical parameters based on the Small Angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) signals of different electron densities in the material, identify the specific surface area, which could be seen even in closed pores and can be correlated with drug molecular degradation. As an example, is taken a very well-defined pellet solid ibuprofen calcium- stearate formulation. Using a synchrotron and a laboratory multi-technical package, we could reveal hidden nanostructures and molecular information, which have not been detected in previous studies. The Small and Wide X-Ray Scattering (SWAXS) spectra of pellets show that process variables do not affect the crystalline state of components but slight changes in the crystal lattice undulations (i.e., SAXS). Additionally, using the high-resolution NMR, Raman and Synchrotron-beam line FT-IR method, we can identify the molecular partial degradation of the Active Pharmaceutics Ingredient (API) in 4- isobutylacetophenone only at 50 °C in terms of the drying and preparation-condition. Such molecular degradation could not be detected in previous study due to the lack of high-resolution analytical laboratories and synchrotron tools that we were able to apply in this paper. For this sample also SAXS specific surface area display higher values and can be correlated as an indication and prediction for the molecular degradation but also dissolution due to increase of electron density contrasts. In general, such analyzes are helpful for the detection in time before the product comes on the market. Thus, we propose the idea of additional high-resolution multi-techniques i.e. Synchrotrons and new methods to become more common for revealing hidden medical molecular degradations, which can induce non- therapeutically but side effects.

Radiation Biodosimetry is a continually developing clinical diagnostic field, which focuses on biological markers that proportionally change in relationship to the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed. Examples of host marker response include changes in white cell count, specific proteins in circulation, RNAs in white blood cells, or chromosome fidelity in affected lymphocytes. Measurements of radiation biomarkers correlate with the approximate radiation dose absorbed and indirectly provide an assessment of the likelihood of developing acute radiation syndrome. The aim of this review is to summarize four biodosimetry programs that are in advanced development, later pipeline stages with funding from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), an agency under the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). With BARDA financial support, biodosimetry diagnostic assays in development will inform patient management, improve health and psychosocial outcomes, and save lives after a nuclear disaster. These tests include an SRI International developed rapid on-site screening test requiring only a finger stick of blood to triage those who have received little or no radiation from those who have received clinically significant levels of radiation and need further immediate patient management. In addition, multiple laboratory-based, high-throughput quantitative tests, currently under development by MRIGlobal, DxTerity, and ASELL, will more accurately define dose levels and possibly predict cellular and organ-damage and other longer-term effects of radiation. In the future, when clinical and analytical validation of these assays is complete, the data is reviewed by the FDA, and agency use status is obtained, rapid triage and laboratory-based biodosimetry test results will enable emergency medical teams to do the most good for the largest number of people after a nuclear blast.

This work details the development of an iterative neutron activation analysis (NAA) based workflow to precisely quantify metal ion uptake in an adsorbent. The workflow is iterative because it explores the dependence between independent variables defining the adsorbent fabrication procedure and the time-dependent uptake. It can be adapted to other adsorbents provided they have an affinity for ions which are amenable to efficient quantification using NAA. For this work, the ability of silver nanoparticles to mitigate the negative effects of biofouling on uranium transfer to an adsorbent was ultimately of interest, and hence motivates the development of this method. The limits of U detection and quantification were found to be 0.609 and 3.01μgg-1, respectively; these were obtained using modest irradiation and counting times. The uncertainties arising from the NAA procedure were no more than 9.9%, far smaller than other sources of uncertainty present in the analysis. These results provided solid evidence that adsorbent shape and structure, rather than uniformity of composition, drives variability in adsorption of uranium.

Objectives: To create a hardware and software tool that can be used for monitoring the temperature and/or humidity inside a household and/or warehouse. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The Raspberry Pi3 would be set as a stationary device that serves as a database server to collects and saves the data of temperature and humidity data with the help of the Digital Humidity Temperature Sensor (DHT22). The researchers conducted a testing inside the household and warehouse. This testing is conducted in order to evaluate the functionality, reliability, and usability of the device and mobile application. Findings: Based on the testing conducted, the system is capable to detect a temperature and humidity data, and it can test the place inside whether it is high or normal on a real-time basis. Application/Improvements: In addition, many users can connect to the system that really does help a lot in notifying them to be aware of the temperature and humidity range level that is not anymore suitable for the food, people, can goods, computer parts and others. Keywords: Humidity Monitoring, Household, Mobile Application, Temperature Monitoring, Warehouse

Die Spalthauttransplantation ist eine der am haufigsten durchgefuhrten Operationen. Trotzdem gibt es keine evidenzbasierte Leitlinie zur lokalen Wundversorgung der Entnahmestelle. Wichtigste Ziele sind eine schnelle Wundheilung und die Schmerzvermeidung. Entscheidend hierfur sind die Entnahmetiefe der Spalthaut, das postoperative feuchte Wundmanagement und eine moglichst geringe Verbandswechselfrequenz. Ein klinikinterner Leitfaden wird vorgestellt.

The design of inner-city building pits is a challenging task in geotechnical engineering. Due to rising property prices and the limited vacant plots in urban areas, the installation of building pit support measures is often constrained. Besides rigid systems, struts or anchors are often used to support such building pits. On the one hand, this support is required to come up with an economical design and on the other hand, it is necessary to keep the deformations of adjacent structures within certain limits. In this paper a new approach for the design and the (de-)installation process of removeable anchors is presented. By using a non-explosive cracking agent, a fully removeable anchor has been developed. Laboratory test results have shown, that by filling a pre-installed injection tube with the non-explosive cracking agent, a partial destruction of the grout body and consequently a reduction of the bond along the cement body and the steel tendon can be achieved. As a result, an extraction of the steel tendon is possible.

Contents To support conservation strategies in wild species, simple but highly reproducible procedures of sperm cryopreservation are required for an application under field conditions. We used epididymal sperm of the domestic cat to optimize a sperm freezing procedure for felid species, particularly questioning the demand for sperm cooling to 4°C. We equilibrated sperm during slow cooling to only 15 or 10°C in a Tes–Tris–fructose extender with final concentrations of 4.7% (v/v) glycerol and 10% (v/v) of the water-soluble fraction of hen's egg yolk (low-density lipoproteins). Subsequently, sperm were frozen over liquid nitrogen. Total and progressive motility (mean ± SD) after thawing was 60.7 ± 8.6% and 53.9 ± 9.6% in samples cooled to 15°C or 61.6 ± 9.5% and 55.3 ± 9.9% in samples cooled to 10°C. Therefore, a one-step addition of glycerol to sperm at room temperature together with the freezing extender, the use of cryovials (loaded with diluted sperm aliquots of 300 μl), an equilibration period of 40 min comprising slow cooling to 15°C at a rate of approximately −0.14 K/min before rapid freezing over liquid nitrogen, yielded satisfying results. Cooling, freezing and thawing rates were exactly characterized as a prerequisite for further optimization and to provide a repeatable protocol to other practitioners.

This paper describes the measures undertaken to increase the run life of sucker rod pump (SRP) installations in the past five years in OMV Austria. Around 500 wells are currently operated with SRPs with an average water cut of 95%. Recurrent pump failures, caused by corrosion, mechanical wear, gas and sand production, significantly contribute to the operating expenditures of a mature oil field operator. In the current low oil price environment the key strategy for economic oil production is seen in efficient low cost production optimization of the subsurface pump equipment. The primary objective was to reduce the life cycle cost (LCC) and deferred production - however, also the increase of production efficiency is an appreciated secondary effect. Consequently, the failure analysis was completely revised and historic data was fed into a new database. A new process was implemented - starting with equipment details, determination of both failure cause and reason and resulting in a ranking for a detailed root cause analysis. The results obtained from the failure analysis led to a profound understanding and rendered a prioritization of necessary actions possible. The optimization measures include design modifications, a stricter quality assurance of new pumps, material upgrades and special pump parts for the respective production environment. In addition an economic assessment of the LCC was conducted in order to quantify the cost impact of pump optimization. The new failure statistic highlights the importance of certain failure modes. Accordingly the necessary pump upgrades were ranked, analyzed and successively executed. The continuous study already shows a change of failure proportions and furthermore improved the in-house knowledge. Even though deploying SRPs for more than 60 years, a structured failure analysis led to new insights of material weaknesses. The introduction of non-API special parts allowed the customization of standard pumps in order to fit to the actual production environment and significantly enlarged the application area of SRPs. In-house material technology center and research laboratory offered valuable information for the root cause analysis. This created the basis for a stricter material specification than demanded by the API 11AX to avoid recurrent systematic failures.

Modern wine production is unimaginable without ageing of wine in wooden barrels and the most used are the "barrique” barrels made from oak wood with different toasting and with 225 liter volume. The slavonian part of Croatia was long known for the production of high quality oak barrels however in the last decades this knowledge was almost lost. Therefore we investigated the influence of different barrels made from slavonian oak on red wine characteristics. We used two different sizes of barrels: barrique (225 liters) and Halbstück (500 liters) and three different toasting levels: light, medium and heavy. Single variety red wine from the two varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grown in Kutjevo area were stored in the different barrels and for comparative reasons in a stainless steel vessel. Samples were taken after 6, 12 and 18 months of ageing and physico-chemical and sensorial analyses were performed. The sensorial evaluation of the wines was performed by descriptive analysis with 11 certified wine tasters from Austria according to eight descriptors

Chronische Wunden nehmen aufgrund der stetig wachsenden Lebenserwartung mit immer mehr alten Menschen mit entsprechenden Komorbiditaten weiter an Bedeutung zu. In dem damit verbundenen und ebenfalls wachsenden Markt der Lokaltherapeutika den Uberblick zu behalten,ist ein schwieriges Unterfangen. Der Artikel erlautert die physiologischen Phasen der Wundheilung und gibt einen Uberblick uber die verschiedenen Ursachen chronischer Wunden. Fur das Ulcus cruris venosum, das diabetische Fussyndrom und den Dekubitus werden einige Besonderheiten in Diagnostik und Therapie dargelegt. Es werden die gangigsten Lokaltherapeutika vorgestellt und deren Wirkprinzipien erlautert.

From many endangered or threatened species which are expected to profit from assisted reproduction techniques, mainly epididymal sperm of dead or freshly castrated males are available. These sperm had contact to epididymal secretion products but not to seminal fluid components. Notably, products of accessory sex glands have been shown in domestic animals to condition sperm for fertilization, in particular by mediating sperm-oviduct interaction. We report for the first time that motile epididymal sperm from domestic cats are able to bind to fresh oviduct epithelial cell explants from preovulatory females (median [min, max] of 10 [8, 16] and 10 [8, 17] sperm per 0.01 mm(2) explant surface from both isthmic and ampullar regions, respectively). More sperm attach to the explants when epididymal sperm were preincubated for 30 minutes with seminal fluid separated from electroejaculates of mature tomcats (median [min, max] of 17 [13, 25] and 16 [12, 21] sperm per 0.01 mm(2) explant surface from isthmus and ampulla, respectively). The proportion of bound sperm increased from a median of 54% to 62% by seminal fluid treatment. Sperm-oviduct binding could be facilitated by the decelerated sperm motion which was observed in seminal fluid-treated samples or supported by seminal fluid proteins newly attached to the sperm surface. Seminal fluid had no effect on the proportion of sperm with active mitochondria. Extent and pattern of sperm interaction in vitro were independent of explant origin from isthmus or ampulla. Sperm were attached to both cilia and microvilli of the main epithelial cell types present in all explants. In contrast to published sperm-binding studies with porcine and bovine oviduct explants where predominantly the anterior head region of sperm was attached to ciliated cells, the tails of some cat sperm were firmly stuck to the oviduct cell surfaces, whereas the heads were wobbling. Whether this response is a preliminary step toward phagocytosis or a precondition to capacitation and fertilization remains to be determined. In conclusion, treatment of epididymal sperm with seminal fluid or particular protein components should be considered in future investigations for its potential to improve the outcome of artificial insemination in felids.

A trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (CSL's TIV, CSL Limited) was licensed under USA accelerated approval regulations for use in persons ≥18 years. We performed a randomized, observer-blind study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of CSL's TIV versus an established US-licensed vaccine in a population ≥6 months to

Objectives: This paper aims to develop an Android Based Application for Diagnosing Rice and Corn Nutrient Deficiency through Leaf and Pattern Recognition. An application designed to quantify Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus deficiency in Rice and Corn crops through the image processing of their leaves. The application also provides farmers the ability to track the test results from multiple farm land. Methods/Statistical analysis: The research methods used in this paper are designing and developing. It designs a mobile application that can diagnose rice and corn nutrient deficiency through leaf color and pattern recognition. Moreover, they also developed an application that could calculate the amount of fertilizer needed in rice and corn nutrient deficiency. Findings: The results show that the application improved the process of diagnosing rice and corn nutrient deficiency. Thus, the survey result have positive feedback from the respondents. With this, it can calculate the accurate nutrient deficiency of rice and corn. It gives results and suggestions immediately that is directed to rice and corn crops. It is also capable of tracking the tests in a visual graph. Application/Improvements: The study is developed in order to address the problems in diagnosing rice and corn nutrient deficiency namely the inaccurate reading, the sampled leaf must be in a controlled light module, time consuming, destructive since the leaf samples are extracted and may take a week for the results and not suitable for determining nitrogen in small area.

Trash Dash is an android game application developed to serve as an alternative tool to practice proper waste segregation for children ages 3 years old and above. The researchers designed the application using Unity 3D and developed the text file that served as the database of the game application. An observation of a pre-school teacher shows that children know how to throw their garbage but they do not know yet how to segregate wastes. After launching the mobile application to K-2 pupils 4 – 5 years of age, the researchers have noticed that children within this age are active and motivated to learn the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Based on the result of usability test conducted, it was concluded that the game is easy to use and children will most likely use this application frequently. Furthermore, the children may need assistance from their parents and teachers when playing the game. An actual testing of the application has been conducted to different devices as well as functionality test by Thwack Application and it can be concluded that the mobile application can be launched and installed on a device with a minimum API requirement of Gingerbread (2.3.1).

Compression therapy is the basis for successful treatment in most patients with venous leg ulcers. Concerning compression therapy, the initial phase of decongestion and the following phase of maintenance should be differentiated. While in the maintenance phase (ulcer) stocking systems are now frequently recommended, in the decongestion phase compression bandages are mostly still used, which however are often inappropriately applied. In German-speaking countries, compression therapy with short-stretch bandages has a long tradition. However, their correct application requires good training and monitoring, which is often lacking in daily practice. Less error-prone treatment alternatives are multicomponent systems, some of which have an optical marker for the control of the correct subbandage pressure. In another new type of compression system, which is called adaptive or wrap bandages, the compression pressure can be adjusted using a Velcro fastener. Accompanying intermittent pneumatic compression therapy can also be used in the decongestion phase. Thus, there are now several different treatment options that can be used for the decongestion phase in patients with venous leg ulcers. Often bandages with short-stretch materials are very prone to errors and should in most cases be replaced by other compression systems today. The patient's preference, need, and capability should be considered when selecting the appropriate system for the individual patient.