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In this paper, we explore the benefits of using a magnetostrictive component in a variable reluctance energy harvester. The intrinsic magnetic field bias and the possibility to utilize magnetic force to achieve pre-stress leads to a synergetic combination between this type of energy harvester and magnetostriction. The proposed energy harvester system, to evaluate the concept, consists of a magnetostrictive cantilever beam with a cubic magnet as proof mass. Galfenol, Fe81.6Ga18.4, is used to implement magnetostriction. Variable reluctance is achieved by fixing the beam parallel to an iron core, with some margin to create an air gap between the tip magnet and core. The mechanical forces of the beam and the magnetic forces lead to a displaced equilibrium position of the beam and thus a pre-stress. Two configurations of the energy harvester were evaluated and compared. The initial configuration uses a simple beam of aluminum substrate and a layer of galfenol with an additional magnet fixing the beam to the core. The modified design reduces the magnetic field bias in the galfenol by replacing approximately half of the length of galfenol with aluminum and adds a layer of soft magnetic material above the galfenol to further reduce the magnetic field bias. The initial system was found to magnetically saturate the galfenol at equilibrium. This provided the opportunity to compare two equivalent systems, with and without a significant magnetostrictive effect on the output voltage. The resonance frequency tuning capability, from modifying the initial distance of the air gap, is shown to be maintained for the modified configuration (140 Hz/mm), while achieving RMS open-circuit coil voltages larger by a factor of two (2.4 V compared to 1.1 V). For a theoretically optimal load, the RMS power was simulated to be 5.1 mW. Given the size of the energy harvester (18.5 cm3) and the excitation acceleration (0.5 g), this results in a performance metric of 1.1 mW/cm3g2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal condition, with the average life expectancy significantly rising from 25 years in 1983 to 60 years in 2020. People with DS generally can participate in most physical activities that individuals without the disability can, despite some physical limitations. However, the varying degrees of cognitive deficits can present challenges when it comes to performing physical activities. Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study in the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic from the Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital from Iași, Romania, between July 2022 and February 2024 that included 28 patients diagnosed with DS. We collected data regarding age and comorbidities and performed several tests (MMSE, timed-up-and-go test, and handgrip strength). Results: The group consisted of 11 (39%) females and 17 (61%) males with a mean age of 28.07 ± 9.51 years. The weight profile of the study group differed according to the degree of physical activity: 62.50% of those with moderate physical activity were moderately overweight, while 75% of those with minimal activity were overweight or obese. The muscle strength and MMSE score was higher in the group of patients who performed moderate physical activity. Regarding comorbidities, there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of patients with hearing loss among those with minimal physical activity. Conclusions: Our results provide an update on the very limited data available. The study indicates that people with DS are generally less physically active and face unique health challenges (hearing loss, intellectual disabilities, and osteoarticular pathologies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that sericulture is an important branch of animal husbandry, not only for the production of silk but also as a valuable source of protein, it is necessary to constantly study the possibilities for its improvement as a branch of this domain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess the nutritional value and digestibility of mulberry leaves from the Kokuso 21 and Eforie varieties, as consumed by silkworms (Bombyx mori L., Bombicidae Family, Lepidoptera Order) during a summer study, in 2021. The Japanese variety (Kokuso 21) and the Romanian variety (Eforie) were used as food sources for the Triumf hybrid, developed in Romania; the larvae were divided in two batches of 300 larvae and each set was subdivided into six groups of 50 larvae, which were raised in paper trays based on their age and size. The research indicated that mulberry leaves have an average digestibility value of 54.46%; the aging process of the leaves altered their chemical composition, with most nutrients showing a decreasing trend in digestibility throughout the larval growth period, except for crude fiber, which remained unchanged in the early larval stages and increased to 26.78% towards the end of the experiment. Overall, the Kokuso 21 variety demonstrated superior nutrient digestibility compared to Eforie. An important finding from this study is the need for future research to determine the degree of nutrient metabolism and conversion into silk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer is a successful model of genetic biomarker development in oncology. Currently, several predictive or prognostic genetic alterations have been identified and are used in clinical practice. The RAS gene family, which includes KRAS and NRAS act as predictors for anti-epithelial growth factor receptor treatment (anti-EGFR), and it has been suggested that NRAS mutations also play a role in prognosis: patients harboring NRAS alterations have a significantly shorter survival compared to those with wild type tumours. BRAF V600E mutations are rare and occur mostly in tumors located in the ascending colon in elderly female patients. BRAF is instrumental in establishing prognosis: survival is shorter by 10–16 months in BRAF-mutant patients, and BRAF may be a negative prognostic factor for patients who undergo hepatic or pulmonary metastasectomy. Moreover, this mutation is used as a negative predictive factor for anti-EGFR therapies. Two new biomarkers have recently been added to the metastatic colorectal cancer panel: HER2 and microsatellite instability. While HER2 is still being investigated in different prospective studies in order to validate its prognostic role, microsatellite instability already guides clinical decisions in substituted with advanced colorectal cancer.

Raising awareness and educating dog owners about weight gain and the risk of obesity in their animals has become a priority for veterinarians and nutritionists. The prevalence of obesity in dogs in the United States and some European countries has been estimated to range from 30% to 70%. In the current research, external factors related to the animal, the owner and the family members of the investigated dogs were observed in relation to the implementation of nutritional programmes for excess weight management. Exogenous factors discussed included the physical activity level, environment and lifestyle of the animal, and the influence and behaviour of the owners and family members involved in the dog's weight loss programme. The research highlights the importance of obese dog owners' awareness and acceptance of the need to implement and run nutritional weight management programmes to improve the health and well-being of the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides a two years overview of quantitative determination of total aflatoxin in maize from a Romanian feed mill. The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence and levels of total aflatoxins in maize samples analyzed during the 2020 and 2021; maize used as raw material in the compound feed production was prelevated for analyzes both in the raw material reception stage and from the unit's stock. To determine the aflatoxins concentration of maize from the reception stage, 1034 analysis were carried out in 2020 and 1191 analyzes in 2021. In order to assess aflatoxins occurrence and levels for deposited maize, were prelevated samples from the stock of the studied unit (48 samples in 2020 and 43 in 2021. Results showed that in 2020, from 1034 samples, 77.3% (n = 800) were positive, while in 2021, from 1191 samples, 57.9% were positive. For the determination of the total aflatoxin content of maize from the units stock, the incidence of positive samples was slightly higher in 2021 (65.1%), compared to year 2020 (56.2%). It can be concluded that it is important for feed mills to establish adequate control measures for mycotoxin contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Distrofiile musculare Duchenne şi Becker (DMD/BMD) sunt boli musculare progresive legate de X determinate de mutaţii în gena distrofinei (DMD). Multiplex Ligation - Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) este o metodă simplă, necostisitoare şi precisă pentru diagnosticul molecular al mutaţiilor genei DMD. Ea identifică variaţiile numărului de copii în gena distrofinei, dar trebuie completată cu secvenţierea genei în cazul identificării deleţiilor/duplicaţiilor unui singur exon. Scopul acestui studiu a fost de a evalua eficienţa MLPA ca test de screening al mutaţiilor în gena DMD la indivizii afectaţi şi femeile purtătoare, dar şi de a aprecia frecvenţa diferitelor tipuri de mutaţii şi de a verifica valabilitatea “regulii cadrului de lectură. Am folosit MLPA pentru detectarea deleţiilor/ duplicaţiilor în gena DMD la 53 indivizi (30 băieţi afectaţi şi 23 rude asimptomatice de sex feminin) trimişi pentru evaluare şi sfat genetic datorită suspiciunii clinice de DMD/BMD. La băieţii afectaţi (21 DMD şi 9 BMD) MLPA a avut o rată de detecţie de 63,5% (53,5% deleţii şi 10% duplicaţii). Cel mai frecvent deletat exon a fost exonul 45 şi cea mai frecventă duplicaţie a implicat exonii 3-5, confirmând prezenţa celor două regiuni critice mutaţionale raportate în literatură. Mutaţiile detectate în studiul nostru au avut o localizare uşor diferită comparativ cu datele din literatură. Regula cadrului de lectură a fost valabilă în 84% din cazuri.