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The purpose of the study is to compare the vocabulary related to traditional nutrition in the Altai and Kyrgyz languages. It is based on linguistic materials collected by the author among residents of the villages of the Altai Republic: Kaspa, Shyrgaity of the Shebalinsk District; Kyrlyk, Mondur-Sokkon, Kan-Oozy of the Ust-Kansk District; Yabogan, Yelo, Kulady, Bichiktu-Boom, and Kӱpchegen of the Onguday District. Their analysis revealed many lexical and semantic similarities in the Altai and Kyrgyz languages. This is especially noticeable in the names of meat dishes. The coincidences are explained by the identical economic and living conditions of the Altaians and Kyrgyz in the past and present. The formation of the vocabulary of the Altai and Kyrgyz languages took place in a distant era, when their speakers lived in the territory of Altai.

Background Enchytraeids, or potworms, are tiny oligochaetes that are distributed worldwide in many terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Despite their key role in the functioning of ecosystems, the diversity and abundance of Enchytraeidae are rarely studied due to the laborious process of species identification. The present study addresses this gap and sheds some light on the distribution and abundance of enchytraeids in the lands of the Northern Palearctic. The provided dataset constitutes the latest and comprehensive field sampling of enchytraeid assemblages across the Asiatic part of the Northern Palearctic, encompassing an original set of soil samples systematically collected throughout the region from 2019 to 2022. New information The dataset includes occurrences from 131 georeferenced sites, encompassing 39 species and 7,074 records. This represents the first dataset providing species-specific information about the distribution and abundance of terrestrial enchytraeids across an extensive geographic area covering the Asian sector of the Northern Palaearctic. The compiled dataset is the key for exploring and understanding local and regional enchytraeid diversity. It may also serve as a valuable resource for monitoring and conserving the entire soil biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine merupakan prekursor norepinefrin dan epinefrin. Dopamine berfungsi sebagai hormon, neurotransmitter dan mempunyai peran penting didalam tubuh dan otak. Kadar dopamine yang berlebih di dalam otak dapat menyebabkan seseorang kecanduan suatu hal yang dapat menghasilkan kesenangan sesaat. Hal ini mengakibatkan seseorang akan melakukan kegiatan yang kompulsif sehingga mengurangi produktivitas. Pengurangan kadar dopamine dapat dilakukan dengan metode dopamine detox. Salah satu contoh pemuda yang terdampak perilaku kompulsif adalah pemuda yang tergabung dalam organisasi Barisan Muda Riau (BMR). Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah membantu pemuda meningkatkan produktivitas dengan menerapkan Program Dopamine Detox (PDTox). Metode pelaksanaan diawali dengan sosialisasi, penyampaian materi, pendampingan dan monitoring PDTox secara berkala selama 70 hari. Hasil dari monitoring menunjukkan perubahan frekuensi bad habits peseta semakin menurun dan frekuensi good habits yang terbentuk mencapai garis kebiasaan sehingga good habits akan otomatis dilakukan peserta. Hasil progress ultimate goals peserta rata-rata mencapai 80% artinya good habits linier membentuk produktivitas yang efisien.

The use of smartwatches has increased significantly in recent years for leisure, health, and research purposes. In the transport sector, smartwatches facilitate cost-effective, unintrusive, and dynamic monitoring of the driver’s state and behavior while on the road. This scoping review aimed to analyze and synthesize publications that have collected smartwatch data during driving to examine the driver’s condition, behavior, in-cabin activities, and reactions. The main objective was to assess the extent to which smartwatches have been included in driving-related studies, organize the relevant literature thematically, and identify the issues that arise during the collection and analysis of smartwatch data.A scoping review was conducted and 76 eligible records were identified based on the framework provided by Arksey and O’Malley. The publications differed significantly in terms of their main purposes, number of recruited participants, smartwatches used, and methodologies applied. Five main themes were identified in the relevant literature: driver state assessment, benchmark performance, driver assistance systems and interventions, exogenous and endogenous factors, and detection of driving events. The review confirms the potential of smartwatches as a tool for driver monitoring, which goes beyond the capabilities of questionnaires. Some studies reported data-related problems, mainly related to data loss and sweating. Future research should adopt a more comprehensive approach to driver monitoring by expanding the collection of data beyond the narrow context of the driving task to include measurements related to the long-term health of the driver, such as sleep, resting heart rate, and physical activity.

Sungai paparan banjir (floodplain river) merupakan salah satu ciri khas perairan tawar dari Provinsi Riau. Ikan Selais Bungkuk (Hemisilurus heterorhynchus) merupakan ikan air tawar yang bersifat demersal dan biasanya hidup di daerah tropis dengan sungai yang termasuk tipe sungai paparan banjir. H. heterorhynchussering ditangkap tanpa melihat ukuran sehingga ikan-ikan yang belum dewasa atau belum matang gonad juga ikut tertangkap. Apabila kondisi tersebut terus terjadi kemungkinan H. heterorhynchus akan mengalami penurunan populasi. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya penelitian mengenai biologi reproduksi H. heterorhynchus untuk mengetahui perkembangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), diameter telur, fekunditas, hubungan fekunditas dengan panjang dan berat tubuh, musim pemijahan serta pola pemijahan ikan sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar upaya konservasi dan budidaya H. heterorhynchus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Oktober sampai bulan Maret di sungai Kampar Kiri. Ikan jantan dan betina matang gonad paling banyak ditemukan pada awal musim hujan di bulan Oktober dan November. IKG jantan tertinggi didapat pada bulan Oktober (0,24%) dan betina pada bulan November (2,80%).Fekunditas ikan H. heterorhynchus berkisar antara 6444-20654 butir. Pola pemijahan ikan H. heterorhynchus adalah sekali pemijahan dalam satu tahun (total spawner).

BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTI) are common in under-five children, with significant consequences leading to bacteremia, dehydration, kidney scarring, and renal failure. The incidence of UTI varies with patients' demographics and geographic location. Limited studies have addressed UTI issues, particularly in children. We determined the proportion of UTI, bacterial aetiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors among under-five children at the district hospital between March and April 2023.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenient non-probability sampling technique to collect urine samples from participants with signs and symptoms of UTI. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. We collected Participants' information using a pretested structured questionnaire. Urine samples were processed at the Regional Referral Hospital. All analyses were conducted using STATA version 15.0. We determined the factors associated with UTI using a modified Poisson model multivariable analysis of the modified Poisson model. The results were presented as a prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval. The level of significance was specified at 0.05.ResultThe study recruited 368 under-five children; 194 (52.7%) were males, and the median age (interquartile range) was 24 (13-36) months. Of all, 28.8% (95% CI-24.3-33.6) had culture-confirmed UTI. One hundred and six pathogens were isolated, the majority being Escherichia coli (E. coli), 37 (34.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 26 (24.5%). The susceptibility of E. coli to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem ranged from 81.1% to 97.3%. S. aureus was most susceptible to nitrofurantoin (96.2%) and ciprofloxacin (92.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 33.0% of isolates. The proportion of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was 23.1% and 25%, respectively. UTI was observed more in patients presenting with vomiting, dysuria, and abdominal pain, patients below 24 months of age, nappy users, and uncircumcised males.ConclusionOur study found a relatively high proportion of UTI among under-five children associated with vomiting, dysuria, abdominal pain, nappy use, and uncircumcision in males. The pathogens were least susceptible to (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamycin, ampicillin, and penicillin) the commonly used antibiotic. We advocate a thorough clinical analysis to detect the predictors of UTI and a periodic review of empirical treatment of UTI based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Tapah fish (Wallago leerii) is a fish with high economic value in Riau Province. Molecular research on W. leerii is very important to do. This study aims to determine the molecular characteristics of W. leerii from Riau Province based on the Cytochrome b gene. The universal primer Cytochrome b is used for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process. The PCR result is a partial Cytochrome b gene with a length of 373 bp. Multiple alignments were performed on nucleotide sequences of the Cytochrome b gene of W. leerii from river of Tapung and Indragiri Riau with the cytochrome b gene of other fish from Genbank and analyzed using the MEGA program version 6.0. Phylogenetic construction using the Cytochrome b gene can distinguish W. leerii from river of Tapung and Indragiri Riau, with other species. Keywords: Alignments Molecular GenBank

The mahseer or keureling, members of the genus Tor J.E.Gray, 1833 are the commercial freshwater fish. It has potency to be cultivated commercially. Presently, no studies have been conducted on the molecular taxonomy of these fish. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to complement this morphological identification using the DNA barcoding gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Samples were obtained from seven areas of Aceh Province, namely; Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat, Nagan Raya, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Tenggara, Gayo Lues and Pidie Districts. A total of 140 fish samples have been collected during the sampling, of these 37 samples have been successfully sequenced. Based on the results of the sequencing data and blasting to NCBI data, only two species of Tor occur in Aceh waters: T. tambra (Valenciennes, 1842) and T. tambroides (Bleeker, 1854); while T. soro (Valenciennes, 1842) and T. douronensis (Valenciennes, 1842) were not validated.

Vertigo is a common complaint in neurology and it can also happen in children. A thorough understanding of the possible underlying causes facilitates the correct diagnosis and guides the proper management in such cases. Of high importance is the rapid distinction between life threatening conditions and relatively benign entities when dealing with a child complaining of vertigo, in an acute setting. This article aims to review the different causes of vertigo in children and to present relevant cases from our experience, at "Dr. Victor Gomoiu" Children's Hospital, Neurology Department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mullets fish Liza macrolepis and Moolgarda engeli are predominant in the Lambada Lhok waters in Aceh province. At present, no scientific report on this species in Aceh waters is available. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the growth pattern and condition factor of the species of mullets L. macrolepis and M. engeli harvested from the aforementioned coastal waters. Methods: The sampling was done in three locations in the Lambada Lhok waters from July to November 2018. The fish were captured using gillnets from 6:00 AM to 3:00 PM four times a month for five months. A total of 242 L. macrolepis and 109 M. engeli were used for the analysis. The growth pattern was analyzed using linear allometric model; then, two condition factors, Fulton’s and relative weight, were calculated. Results: The study revealed a b value of 2.49 for the male L. macrolepis and 1.81 for the female. The b value was 3.22 for the male M. engeli and 3.41 for the female. The b value of the fish was higher during the dry season. The Fulton’s condition factor of the male L. macrolepis was 1.19, and that of the female was 1.19. The relative condition factor of this species was 100.11 and 100.01 for males and females, respectively. The Fulton condition factor of male M. engeli was 1.05 and that of the female was 1.06. The relative weight condition factors were 101.08 and 100.61 for the male and female, respectively. Conclusions: The growth pattern of M. engeli tends to be isometric, whereas that of L. macrolepis has a negative allometric growth pattern. The condition factors indicate that the Lambada Lhok waters are still in good condition and support the growth of the mullets, but M. engeli is more adaptable than L. macrolepis.

Summary. One of the most frequent accompanying pathologies during pregnancy – digestive tract diseases. The work purpose - to analyse the choice of medicinal therapy among doctors at heartburn and constipation treatment during pregnancy. Materials and methods - the analysis of anonymous questioning within carrying out the second stage of the All-Russian pharmacoepidemiological research "Epidemiology of medicines use in pregnant women" which was carried out from February to April, 2015 The comparison of the received results with results of questioning of doctors of Belgorod region was executed on the basis of received data. Results and discussion. About a half of doctors chooses for heartburn treatment in pregnant women antacids medicines, and also inhibitors of a proton pomp (omeprazole). To 10% of doctors prescribe insufficiently studied blockers of H2-histamine receptors. In constipation therapy more than 60% of doctors voted for salt laxative a lactulose. Less than 11% of doctors prescribed to patients unsafe medicines of senna and macrogol. Conclusion. The analysis of doctors’ answers on tactics of medicinal therapy purpose at heartburn and constipation during pregnancy has shown that more than 68% of the practicing experts appoint the therapy, based on rational use of medicines.

Latar belakang. Vitamin D dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antimikrobial makrofag terhadap Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Defisiensi vitamin D diindikasikan sebagai salah satu faktor risiko penyakit tuberkulosis (TB). Kekurangan asupan nutrisi yang mengandung vitamin D dapat memengaruhi kadar vitamin D dalam darah sehingga akan memengaruhi imunitas terhadap infeksi TB. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan asupan nutrisi yang mengandung vitamin D dengan kadar vitamin D darah pada anak yang terinfeksi TB. Metode. Penelitian cross sectional pada bulan Oktober 2014 sampai Maret 2015 di Poliklinik Anak RS Dr M Djamil dan Puskesmas kota Padang. Subyek penelitian anak usia 1-14 tahun yang kontak serumah dengan TB dewasa BTA positif, dengan hasil tuberculin skin test positif. Asupan vitamin D diperoleh melalui food recall 2x24 jam dengan standar normal > 600 International Unit menurut Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) dan diolah menggunakan program Nutri-Survey Indonesia. Kadar vitamin D darah berupa 25(OH)D diukur dengan metode Cheluminescent Immunoassay, kategori nilai normal >30-50 ng/mL, insufisiensi >10-30 ng/mL, dan defisiensi

The study on gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis) in Rantau Kasih village Kampar Kiri river was conducted from Februari-April 2017. The purpose of this study was to know about gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish which was categorized as main food, supplementary food and additional food. The analysis is done based on the instruction of Natardjan and Jhingran (1961). The gut content was analized using the Index of preponderance. The result revealed that the main food of Selais Terang Bulan fish in Rantau Kasih village is adult Arthropoda with IP value (78.85%), and supplementary food is caterpillar (25.15%). Male and female fishes at have main food of adult Arthropoda with different percentages are (82.81%) male and female (71.32%). Based on the gut content analysis of Selais Terang Bulan fish was a carnivorous fish. Keyword: gut content analysis, Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Kampar kiri river

The risk of premature mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is approximately three times higher in the Central Eastern European region than in high income European countries, which suggests a lack and/or ineffectiveness of preventive interventions against CVDs. The aim of the present study was to provide data on the relationship between premature CVD mortality, statin utilization as a preventive medication and socioeconomic deprivation at the district level in Hungary. As a conceptually new approach, the prescription of statins, the prescription redemption and the ratio between redemption and prescription rates were also investigated. The number of prescriptions for statins and the number of redeemed statin prescriptions were obtained from the National Health Insurance Fund Administration of Hungary for each primary healthcare practice for the entire year of 2012. The data were aggregated at the district level. To define the frequency of prescription and of redemption, the denominator was the number of the 40+-year-old population adjusted by the rates of 60+-year-old population of the district. The standardized mortality rates, frequency of statin prescriptions, redeemed statin prescriptions and ratios for compliance in relation to the national average were mapped using the ‘‘disease mapping’’ option, and their association with deprivation (tertile of deprivation index as a district-based categorical covariate) was defined using the risk analysis capabilities within the Rapid Inquiry Facility. The risk analysis showed a significant positive association between deprivation and the relative risk of premature cardiovascular mortality, and a reverse J-shaped association between the relative frequency of statin prescriptions and deprivation. Districts with the highest deprivation showed a low relative frequency of statin prescriptions; however, significantly higher primary compliance (redemption) was observed in districts with the highest deprivation. Our data clearly indicate that insufficient statin utilization is strongly linked to the so-called physician-factor, i.e., a statin prescription. Consequently, statin treatment is poor and represents a significant barrier to reducing mortality, particularly among people living in highly deprived areas of the country.

Morvan syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder mediated by antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC) and characterized by the involvement of both the peripheral and central nervous system. We report a case of Morvan syndrome. The patient presented with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, dysautonomia and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The diagnosis was based on the unique clinical presentation that was highly suggestive of Morvan syndrome and confirmed by positive VGKC antibodies. In this paper we try to highlight the importance of clinical skills in the diagnosis and decision-making concerning the treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water flow is a typical hydrodynamic variable of natural occurrence in fish’s lifetime and understanding its impact on biological processes (e.g. stress) can contribute to improve welfare in captive/farmed fish. For that, we tested whether water flow is a stressor by itself in a non-rheophilic (i.e. theoretically sensitive to water flow) fish species: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Additionally, this species was chosen due to its importance for world aquaculture and because is cultivated in a number of systems which the water flow could potentially be a stressor such as indoor tanks, recirculating aquaculture systems, biofloc system and cages. Here, we exposed fish to a novel environment with (520 L h−1) or without a deliberated water flow, and we measured plasma cortisol and ventilation rate (VR) as indicators of stress. In a first experiment, the VR was reduced by flow immediately after tilapia transference to a novel environment (16 min of evaluation), but cortisol was not affected. The plasma cortisol levels were also measured in a second experiment, 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h after transference to a novel environment, but was also not affected by the presence of flow. In a theoretical perspective, flow is not a stressor by itself in a non-rheophilic species. It acted as a hydrodynamic factor that decrease the magnitude of ventilation response in a fish introduced into a novel environment, without effects on plasma cortisol levels. Therefore, the water flow eventually can be used to assist fish oxygenation after a disturbance event, such as introduction into a novel environment.

The paper is focused on the development and experimental verification of scientific-pedagogical maintenance of medical college students' tolerant thinking and activity development. As leading methods the following ones have been chosen: express questionnaire "Index of tolerance"; the technique for diagnostics of predisposition of the individual to conflict behavior by K. Thomas; the technique of diagnostics of general communicative tolerance, which was used to diagnose the level of communicative component's formation. The article offers modifying variant of psychological education content at the medical College of tolerant orientation; presents the model of educational process on psychology, aimed at medical students' tolerant style of thinking and activities developing, including: a) transformation of traditional contents and forms in teaching psychological disciplines for medical students and methods of their activities; b) main stages and directions of college teacher's activity, developing students' tolerance in the process of their psychological education. The experiment conducted in the framework of the research gives grounds to make a conclusion about the effectiveness of scientific-pedagogical maintenance of medical college students' tolerant thinking and activity development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the etiological landscape and phenotypic differences between 2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) syndromes: DEE with spike-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS) and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS)., Methods: All patients fulfilled International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) DEE-SWAS or EE-SWAS criteria with a Core cohort (n = 91) drawn from our Epilepsy Genetics research program, together with 10 etiologically solved patients referred by collaborators in the Expanded cohort (n = 101). Detailed phenotyping and analysis of molecular genetic results were performed. We compared the phenotypic features of individuals with DEE-SWAS and EE-SWAS. Brain-specific gene co-expression analysis was performed for D/EE-SWAS genes., Results: We identified the etiology in 42/91 (46%) patients in our Core cohort, including 29/44 (66%) with DEE-SWAS and 13/47 (28%) with EE-SWAS. A genetic etiology was identified in 31/91 (34%). D/EE-SWAS genes were highly co-expressed in brain, highlighting the importance of channelopathies and transcriptional regulators. Structural etiologies were found in 12/91 (13%) individuals. We identified 10 novel D/EE-SWAS genes with a range of functions: ATP1A2, CACNA1A, FOXP1, GRIN1, KCNMA1, KCNQ3, PPFIA3, PUF60, SETD1B, and ZBTB18, and 2 novel copy number variants, 17p11.2 duplication and 5q22 deletion. Although developmental regression patterns were similar in both syndromes, DEE-SWAS was associated with a longer duration of epilepsy and poorer intellectual outcome than EE-SWAS., Interpretation: DEE-SWAS and EE-SWAS have highly heterogeneous genetic and structural etiologies. Phenotypic analysis highlights valuable clinical differences between DEE-SWAS and EE-SWAS which inform clinical care and prognostic counseling. Our etiological findings pave the way for the development of precision therapies. ANN NEUROL 2024., (© 2024 The Author(s). Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.)

Background and objective Interprofessional education (IPE) involves learners from multiple health professions learning collaboratively to improve patient care. This study assessed medical students' perceptions of IPE at Taibah University in Saudi Arabia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 319 medical students in years two to six of graduate medical school and internships completed the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire between April 2022 and July 2022. RIPLS consists of 19 items measuring teamwork/collaboration, negative/positive professional identity, and roles/responsibilities. Comparisons were made based on gender and academic level by using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Students generally expressed positive attitudes towards IPE. The majority agreed that IPE improves teamwork, communication, and patient care. In our cohort, 148 students (46.4%) strongly agreed and 140 (43.9%) agreed that shared learning enhances understanding of clinical problems. However, 186 students (60%) disagreed that clinical problem-solving is profession-specific. On the teamwork/collaboration subscale, 279 students (87.7%) strongly agreed that learning with others makes them more effective team members. Regarding negative identity, 186 students (58.3%) disagreed that learning with other students wastes time. By gender, males had lower ranks for negative identity (p=0.03) and positive identity (p=0.03) versus females. As for academic level, clinical students and interns had higher and lower ranks, respectively, for negative identity (p<0.01). Conclusion Based on our findings, medical students generally hold favorable views toward IPE and recognize its benefits for collaboration, communication, and patient care. Incorporating IPE throughout medical training may further improve attitudes and interprofessional skills., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Alghamdi et al.)