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The practice of tracking one’s food intake and physical activity through the use of a wearable device or a smartphone application has become increasingly popular. There are concerns use of this technology may be associated with disordered eating behaviours. Particularly for vulnerable groups such as young adults and individuals with a pre-existing eating psychopathology. This study aims to systematically review the current literature investigating this association. This review aims to investigate the following research questions: 1. Is there an association between the use of fitness and diet tracking technology and disordered eating? 2. Are there vulnerable groups who are at a greater risk of negative outcomes of this technology use? Studies will be included in the review if they meet set eligibility criteria. Studies must (1) include a measure of fitness and/or diet tracking used in the context of self-monitoring; (2) include a measure of disordered eating symptomatology; (3) contain quantitative research, and (4) be written in English. The following electronic databases will be searched: PsycInfo, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, EMBASE, ASSIA (Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts), Cochrane Library, Sociological Abstracts and ERIC, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global, Sports Medicine & Educational Health, and SportDiscus. Quality of the studies will be assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Preliminary searches were run with databases being examined from January 2005 (this is when fitness and diet tracking technology came into use) to September 2021 as part of a Masters project. The searches will now be updated and run from January 2005 to the current date (February 2023) to ensure continuity.

Recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive disease with poor survival and limited treatment options. SL-701 is a novel immunotherapy comprised of synthetic peptides designed to elicit an anti-tumor immune response against GBM antigens IL-13Rα2, ephrinA2, and survivin. Here we describe an 18-color flow cytometry analysis from stage 2 of a Ph2 clinical trial of SL-701+poly-ICLC+bevacizumab (NCT02078648), in which 12-month overall survival (OS) was 50%. Of the 27 patients in stage 2, 24 (89%) developed heterogeneous T-cell responses against 1, 2, or 3 of the SL-701 CD8 peptides. Magnitude and kinetics of peptide responses were variable among these patients with no clear relationship to OS. Therefore, a phenotypic analysis of the T-cell response in all 27 patients was conducted using terraFlow, a unique data analysis approach utilizing machine learning to identify T-cell phenotypes associated with clinical response from all possible combinations of markers. In total, 10,184 unique SL-701 induced phenotypes were measured, including 223 phenotypes (P < 0.05) and 16 core phenotypes that uniquely represent differences between patients with OS above or below 12 months (P < 0.05). 50% of the core phenotypes were CD8+ CD57+ CD107a+ PD-1- SL-701-specific T-cells, which are highly-differentiated memory T-cells primed for cytotoxicity. The frequency of the CD57+ core phenotypes (8%-18%) was enhanced 1.6- to 2.3-fold in patients with an OS > 12 months (P < 0.05). Similarly, 2 core phenotypes identified cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which were enhanced 1.9- and 2.5-fold in patients with an OS >12 months. The final 6 core phenotypes identified activated CD4+ CD154+ SL-701-specific T-cells (5%-19%) that were enhanced 0.3- to 0.5-fold in patients with an OS < 12 months (P < 0.05), suggesting helper T-cell responses in the absence of cytotoxic T-cell responses are associated with an OS < 12 months. Deep sequencing of SL-701-specific T-cells using whole transcriptome-based molecular cytometry is planned.

This study involved the determination of sediment quality and heavy metals in the water column and bottom sediment of a selected cage fish farm in Lake Volta, to assess the potential impact of metals and organic matter pollution on the lake due to cage fish farming. Sediment analysis indicated that the texture of all sampling sites was sandy clay loam with sand dominating with a range of 31.5%–81.2%. The organic matter (TOM) ranged from 4.42%–8.89%, while organic carbon (TOC) was from 2.57%–5.22%. Total nitrogen (TN) fluctuated between 0.22% and 0.45%; total phosphate ranged between 0.22% and 5.30%. The TOC, TOM and TN content in the farm sediment were significantly lower than those of the reference sites (ANOVA, p < .05). Lead, copper, cadmium and selenium were not detected in the water. The results revealed that heavy metal concentrations in the water column and sediments were low and within tolerable levels, indicating no influence of metals from fish feed was observed on the lake water quality. However, the farm seemed to have moderate impact on sediment quality from organic matter. Water and sediment quality monitoring should be embarked upon periodically to ensure sustainable cage culture in the Lake Volta.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4 levels of dietary protein (20, 30, 40 and 50%) and lipids (2, 4, 8 and 16%) on the magnitude and duration of specific dynamic action (SDA) and postprandial nitrogen excretion in the subadult white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using computer-controlled metabolic chambers (continuous-flow respirometer). We determined the oxygen consumption rate at 1 h intervals until the postprandial oxygen consumption rate returned to the pre-feeding level. Shrimp fed all the diets had significantly higher respiration rates after feeding due to the SDA. Oxygen consumption, the SDA coefficient and the SDA magnitude increased notably with increasing dietary protein content. Shrimp fed the 20% protein diet had the lowest levels of pre- and post-feeding respiration and the smallest SDA. A significant change in the SDA coefficient relative to each lipid level was not demonstrable. Additionally, nitrogenous excretion increased with an increase of dietary protein but not with an increase of lipid level. By estimating the SDA of subadults, the response to standard metabolic rate (SMR) was lower than that reported for juveniles and postlarva white shrimp. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de 4 niveles de proteína (20, 30, 40 y 50%) y lípidos (2, 4, 8 y 16%) sobre la magnitud y duración de la acción dinámica específica (ADE) y la excreción nitrogenada en subadultos del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei usando una cámara metabólica controlada por computadora (respirómetro de flujo continuo). Se determinó la tasa de consumo de oxígeno a intervalos de 1 hora hasta que la tasa de consumo de oxígeno postprandial regresó al nivel de pre-alimentación. Los camarones alimentados con todas las dietas tienen una tasa de respiración significativamente alta después de la alimentación debida a la ADE. El consumo de oxígeno, el coeficiente de ADE y la magnitud de ADE aumentó notablemente con el incremento del contenido de proteína en la dieta. Los camarones alimentados con el 20% de proteína en la dieta tuvieron el nivel más bajo de respiración de pre y post-alimentación y la más baja ADE. Un cambio significativo en el coeficiente de ADE relativo a la energía digestible no fue demostrado para cada uno de los niveles de lípidos. Adicionalmente, la excreción nitrogenada aumento con el incremento del nivel de proteína en la dieta, pero no con el incremento del nivel de lípidos. Al estimar la ADE de subadultos se encontró que la tasa metabólica estándar (SMR) fue menor que la reportada para juveniles y postlarvas de L. vannamei.

This book describes the approach, work undertaken and key outcomes of a three-year project which commenced in December 2012. The project was based on collaboration between the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, UK, and the CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana. It was funded by the Leverhulme Foundation through a Royal Society Africa Grant. Our key objective was to build capacity in environmental monitoring and assessment in partner organisations and, from the work carried out, to formulate a plan for improved and sustainable cage aquaculture on Lake Volta, so contributing to the developing industry and assuring regional food security.

2058Background: SL-701 is a novel immunotherapy comprised of synthetic peptides designed to elicit an anti-tumor immune response against GBM targets: interleukin-13 receptor alpha-2, EphrinA2 and S...

SL-401 is a novel targeted therapy comprised of recombinant interleukin 3 (IL3) fused to a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) payload. SL-401 delivers DT to cells expressing the IL3 receptor (CD123). After internalization, DT catalyzes ADP ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), blocking protein synthesis and killing target cells. SL-401 is currently in clinical trials for CD123+ cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Other than CD123 expression, the determinants of response are largely unknown. Our goal was to study mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to inform combination strategies and enhance the efficacy of SL-401. In 16 AML and BPDCN patients enrolled in a phase 1-2 trial, we did not see decreased expression of CD123 by flow cytometry during or after SL-401. To study alternative resistance mechanisms, we generated 3-6 independent SL-401 resistant clones from each of 4 CD123+ AML (THP1, NOMO1, EOL1) or BPDCN (CAL1) cell lines. We treated cells with the LD95 (lethal dose to 95%), retreating upon recovery. All lines developed >2-3 log resistance to SL-401 within 28 days. All resistant clones maintained CD123 surface expression, consistent with what we observed in patients. Using confocal microscopy, we saw that a fluorescently tagged SL-401 was internalized equally in resistant and parental cells. SL-401 resistant cells were also resistant to full length DT, suggesting that the mechanism of resistance involved DT rather than IL3 binding/internalization. We performed whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing and whole exome sequencing (WES) on parental and SL-401 resistant cells. There were no recurrent acquired DNA mutations. However, in RNA-seq the most downregulated gene in 6 independent clones from 2 lines was DPH1 (FC -7.5, FDR Pseudomonas toxin (PT) also targets eEF2 on diphthamide, and PT resistance in a B-ALL cell line has been associated with DPH1 loss via reversible promoter CpG DNA methylation (Hu, Leuk Res 2013). Therefore, we tested the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacitidine in combination with SL-401 and observed synergistic cytotoxicity, in naïve (combination index (CI) = 0.45; In summary, we found that DPH1 is a biomarker of SL-401 activity and acquired resistance, and resistance is reversible by azacitidine. Based on these data, we have initiated a multicenter phase 1 trial of the combination of SL-401 and azacitidine in patients with AML or MDS (NCT03113643), with correlative laboratory studies designed to explore these hypotheses. Disclosures vonEgypt: Stemline Therapeutics: Employment. Lindsay: Stemline Therapeutics: Employment. Brooks: Stemline Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Lane: Stemline Therapeutics: Research Funding; N-of-one: Consultancy.